Application of aircraft multispectral scanners to quantitative analysis and mapping of water quality parameters in the James River, Virginia
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Johnson, R. W.↗
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Results for “Quantitative analysis”
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Quantitative analysis of defects in silicon: Silicon sheet growth development for the large area silicon sheet task of the low cost solar array project
The various steps involved in the chemical polishing and etching of silicon samples are described and the data on twins, grain boundaries and dislocation pits from fifty-three (53) samples are discussed.
Natesh, R.↗
Quantitative Analysis of Defects in Silicon. Silicon Sheet Growth Development for the Large Area Silicon Sheet Task of the Low-cost Solar Array Project
The various steps involved in the chemical polishing and etching of silicon samples are described. Data on twins, dislocation pits, and grain boundaries from thirty-one (31) silicon sample are also discussed. A brief review of the changes made to upgrade the image analysis system is included.
Natesh, R.↗
Quantitative analysis of mating behavior in aging male Drosophila Melanogaster
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Economos, A. C.↗
Quantitative analysis of autoradiographic image intensification using Thiourea-S35
Photographic images enhanced by the method of Thiourea-S35 autoradiography are evaluated in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, detective quantum efficiency (DQE), and Wiener spectrum analysis using digitized images. It is determined that the original signal-to-noise ratio is not degraded by the intensification process which allows an increase in the practical working DQE as a function of density. These results apply at all spatial frequencies that were tested. The advantage given by autoradiography is the ability to produce usable images from emulsions originally exposed to the low densities corresponding to maximum DQE and movement of faint image densities above the level of the threshold for detection.
Askins, B. S.↗
Experiment K305: Quantitative analysis of selected bone parameters
The skeletal alterations induced by space flight were determined to be a reduced rate of periosteal bone formation in tibial and humeral diaphyses, a decreased trabecular bone volume, and an increased fat content of the bone marrow in the proximal tibial metaphysis. An increased incidence of arrest lines in flight animals suggested that periosteal bone formation may have ceased during space flight. Endosteal bone resorption was not affected markedly.
Wrongski, T. J.↗
Experiment K305: Quantitative analysis of selected bone parameters. Supplement 1: Effects of weightlessness on osteoblast differentiation in rat molar periodontium
The morphometric analysis of periodontal ligament (PDL), the osteogenic interface between tooth and bone, is described. Immediately post-flight, PDL width and total cell number were decreased. Frequency distributions of nuclear volume revealed that presumptive preosteoblasts were particularly depressed. Depleted numbers of preosteoblasts may be an important factor in the mechanism of inhibited bone formation during weightlessness.
Roberts, W. E.↗
Experiment K305: Quantitative analysis of selected bone parameters. Supplement 2: Bone elongation rate and bone mass in metaphysis of long bones
The proximal humeral metaphysis of rats from time periods recovery plus zero days (R+0), recovery plus six days (R+6), and recovery plus twenty nine days (R+29) was analyzed. The volume of calcified cartilage and bone in flight and synchronous controls was reduced in groups R+0 and R+6, but was normal in group R+29. The number of functional bone cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) was decreased in proportion to the amount of bone in the early groups, and was normal in the last group. The fatty marrow volume was increased only in flight animals of groups R+0 and R+6, but was normal in the R+29 group. Accumulation of excess fatty marrow was seen only in flight animals. The decreased amount of bone and calcified cartilage is believed to be the result of a temporarily slowed or arrested production of calcified cartilage as a substrate for bone formation. This would have resulted from slowed bone elongation during flight and synchronous control conditions. Bone elongation returned to normal by twenty nine days after return.
Jee, W. S. S.↗
Experiment K305: Quantitative analysis of selected bone parameters. Supplement 3A: Trabecular spacing and orientation in the long bones
Values of mean trabecular spacing computed from optical diffraction patterns of 1:1 X-ray micrographs of tibial metaphysis and those obtained by standard image digitization techniques show excellent agreement. Upper limits on values of mean trabecular orientation deduced from diffraction patterns and the images are also in excellent agreement. Values of the ratio of mean trabecular spatial density in a region of 300 micrometers distal to the downwardly directed convexity in the cartilage growth plate to the value adjacent to the plate determined for flight animals sacrificed at recovery were significantly smaller than values for vivarium control animals. No significant differences were found in proximal regions. No significant differences in mean trabecular orientation were detected. Decreased values of trabecular spatial density and of both obsteoblastic activity and trabecular cross-sectional area noted in collateral researches suggest decreased modeling activity under weightlessness.
Judy, M. M.↗
Experiment K305: Quantitative analysis of selected bone parameters. Supplement 3B: Mineralization in the long bones
Electron microscope and optical birefringent studies of growth plates and metaphyseal trabeculae are described. The type and functional state of bone cells were investigated and the zone of calcification of the cartilagenous growth plate, particularly the presence and condition of matrix vesicles, was characterized. Trabecular number, size, and orientation were assessed. Comparisons with a control group, indicating changes resulting from a zero gravity situation, are presented.
Matthews, J. L.↗
Quantitative analysis of drainage obtained from aerial photographs and RBV/LANDSAT images
Data obtained from aerial photographs (1:60,000) and LANDSAT return beam vidicon imagery (1:100,000) concerning drainage density, drainage texture, hydrography density, and the average length of channels were compared. Statistical analysis shows that significant differences exist in data from the two sources. The highly drained area lost more information than the less drained area. In addition, it was observed that the loss of information about the number of rivers was higher than that about the length of the channels.
Dejesusparada, N.↗
Reflectance spectroscopy - Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications
The empirical methods and scattering theories that are important for solving remote sensing problems are among the methods for remotely sensed reflectance data analysis presently compared. In the case of the photon mean optical path length concept's implications for reflectance spectra modeling, it is shown that the mean optical path length in a particulate surface is in roughly inverse proportion to the square root of the absorption coefficient. Absorption bands, which are Gaussian in shape when plotted as true absorptance vs photon energy, are also Gaussians in apparent absorptance, although they have a smaller intensity. An apparent continuum in a reflectance spectrum is modeled as a mathematical function that is used to isolate a particular absorption feature for analysis, and it is noted that this continuum should be removed by dividing it into the reflectance spectrum.
Clark, R. N.↗
Quantitative analysis of flare accelerated electrons through their hard X-ray and microwave radiation
Hard X-ray and microwave modelling that takes into account the temporal evolution of the electron spectrum as well as the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field and the ambient medium in the radio source is presented. This method is illustrated for the June 29 1980 10:41 UT event. The implication on the process of acceleration/injection is discussed.
Klein, K. L.↗
Quantitative analysis of hard X-ray 'footpoint' flares observed by the solar maximum mission
Amplifier gain and collimator hole size variations across the field of view, amplifier/filter efficiency, variations in effective collimator hole size and angular response with photon energy, dead-time, and hard X-ray plate transmission, are among the factors for which instrumental corrections have to be incorporated to effect reliable correction and deconvolution of images from the SMM satellite's Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (HXIS). Attention is given to the substantial Poisson noise in these energy bands. The maximum entropy deconvolution/correction routine developed for establishing the spatial structure reliably inferrable from HXIS data is presented, together with the results of the application of this routine to the three impulsive flares reported by Duijemian et al. (1982) from April 10, May 21, and November 5, 1980.
Mackinnon, A. L.↗
Quantitative analysis of PMR-15 polyimide resin by HPLC
The concentration of individual components and of total solids of 50 wt pct PMR-15 resin solutions was determined using reverse-phase HPLC to within + or - 8 percent accuracy. Acid impurities, the major source of impurities in 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid (BTDE), were eliminated by recrystallizing the BTDE prior to esterification. Triester formation was not a problem because of the high rate of esterification of the anhydride relative to that of the carboxylic acid. Aging of PMR-15 resin solutions resulted in gradual formation of the mononadimide and bisnadimide of 4,4'-methylenedianiline, with the BTDE concentration remaining constant. Similar chemical reactions occurred at a reduced rate in dried films of PMR-15 resin.
Roberts, Gary D.↗
Linear canonical transformations of coherent and squeezed states in the Wigner phase space. II - Quantitative analysis
It is possible to calculate expectation values and transition probabilities from the Wigner phase-space distribution function. Based on the canonical transformation properties of the Wigner function, an algorithm is developed for calculating these quantities in quantum optics for coherent and squeezed states. It is shown that the expectation value of a dynamical variable can be written in terms of its vacuum expectation value of the canonically transformed variable. Parallel-axis theorems are established for the photon number and its variant. It is also shown that the transition probability between two squeezed states can be reduced to that of the transition from one squeezed state to vacuum.
Han, D.↗
A quantitative analysis of the impact of modern software engineering techniques on software quality and development productivity
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Gaffney, J. E., Jr.↗
Photometric phase functions of common geologic minerals and applications to quantitative analysis of mineral mixture reflectance spectra
The mass fractional abundance of components in intimately mixed, particulate surfaces is calculated from laboratory reflectance spectra using Hapke's (1981) model for bidirectional reflectance. It is found that a simplified version of the model is accurate to within 7 percent for mixtures not containing low albedo components. The model is not appropriate for mixtures with very low and high albedo components. Consideration is given to the possible improvement of the method's accuracy by using an empirical single-particle phase function to describe the scattering characteristics of all minerals, or by solving for the single-particle phase function of the minerals involved exactly using extensive bidirectional reflectance measurements and Hapke's equations for bidirectional reflectance. Also, the results are used to examine the general scattering behavior of particulate mineral surfaces.
Mustard, John F.↗