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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Electromagnetic total- f algorithm for gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations of boundary plasma in XGC

We report the simplified δf mixed-variable/pullback electromagnetic simulation algorithm implemented in XGC for core plasma simulations by Cole et al. [Phys. Plasmas 28, 034501 (2021)] has been generalized to a total- f electromagnetic algorithm that can include, for the first time, the boundary plasma in diverted magnetic geometry with neutral particle recycling, turbulence, and neoclassical physics. The δf mixed-variable/pullback electromagnetic implementation is based on the pioneering work by Kleiber and Mischenko et al. [Kleiber et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 032501 (2016); Mishchenko et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 238, 194 (2019)]. An electromagnetic demonstration simulation is performed in a DIII-D-like, H-mode boundary plasma, including a corresponding comparative electrostatic simulation, which confirms that the electromagnetic simulation is necessary for a higher fidelity understanding of the electron particle and heat transport even at the low- β pedestal foot in the vicinity of the magnetic separatrix.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Godiva-IV Dosimetry Exercise 2022 (IER-538 CED4A Report)

This report presents the final results of IER 538, The International Nuclear Accident Dosimeter (NAD) Intercomparison Exercise with Godiva-IV. The purpose of the exercise, held in August of 2022, was to test participants’ NADs and dosimetry personnel to the dose estimation requirements established by ANSI/HPS-N13.3 Dosimetry for Criticality Accidents and DOE-STD-1098-2017, Radiological Control. Two prompt critical bursts of the Godiva critical assembly were used to simulate criticality accidents, and NADs from participating laboratories were placed at known locations around Godiva, mounted on either BOttle Manikin ABsorptions (BOMABs) phantoms (to simulate doses received by people) or plates (to simulate doses in free air). Similar exercises have been held in 2016 and 2018 using National Criticality Experiments Research Center’s (NCERC’s) Flattop and Godiva assemblies.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2020

stovertillage2019-bc1040-060

As part of the Billion Ton resource assessment projections created in 2016 (see https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/12/f34/2016_billion_ton_rep...), this dataset was produced and titled a "base-case" scenario. This broader dataset provided an updated assessment of the potential economic availability of biomass resources from agricultural lands reported at the farmgate under conservative assumptions. Crop residues quantified in this dataset include corn stover, cereal (wheat, oats, and barley) straws, and sorghum stubble. We have isolated corn stover in this dataset. What is the purpose of the data set? Why were the data collected?* Per request for use in subsequent research, we have isolated corn stover in 2019 from the broader base-case projections and have provided tillage classification details from this projection. Tillage classification assumptions in this scenario allow a moderate deviation from a baseline situation (using historic CTIC data on tillage type used in counties for each crop). This dataset allowed moderate flexibility of farmers to put land into another tillage type (no till, conservation till, and reduced till) where a higher net present value was calculated.

Davis, Maggie R.↗
DOE OSTI2020

SPRUCE: Sphagnum Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations in the SPRUCE Experimental Plots

This data set reports the concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in capitula, current year stems, and one-year old stem tissue of Sphagnum from 2016-2018. Measurements are continuing and new data will be appended as they become available. Three types of Sphagnum were sampled -- S. angustifolium/fallax from hummocks (AngFal_Hum), S. angustifolium/fallax from hollows (AngFal_Hol), and S. magellanicum from hummocks (Mag_Hum) from SPRUCE experimental study plots. Measurements were made in 10 enclosures comprising five levels of temperature elevation in ambient CO2 and five levels in elevated CO2. Measurements also were made in two ambient (no enclosure) plots. Nutrient concentrations were analyzed in conjunction with assessment of Sphagnum growth, which was measured in 3.79-cm diameter mesh columns collected every October and are described in the related dataset (https://doi.org/10.25581/spruce.049/1426474). The SPRUCE experiment is being conducted at the 8.1-ha S1 bog forest site in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spatial and temporal trends and variabilities of hailstones in the United States Northern Great Plains and their possible attributions

Following on our study of hail for the Southern Great Plains (SGP), we investigated the spatial and temporal hail trends and variabilities for the Northern Great Plains (NGP) and the contributing factors for summer seasons (June–August) over 2004–2016 using two independent hail datasets. Both severe hail (1 < diameter = 2 inches) and significant severe hail (diameter > 2 inches) were examined and similar results were obtained. The hailstones in the NGP demonstrate a large interannual variability, with an overall increasing trend over 2004–2016. Spatially, the positive trend is mainly located in the western part of South Dakota and North Dakota. We find the three major dynamical factors that most likely contribute to the hail interannual variability in the NGP are the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH), and low-level jet (LLJ). With a thermodynamical variable integrated water vapor transport (IVT) that is strongly controlled by LLJ, the four factors can explain 76% of the hail interannual variability from the hail reports based on the multivariate linear regression. Hail occurrences are 73% higher during the cold phase of ENSO (La Nin~a) than the warm phase of ENSO (El Nin~o). When the NASH has a larger northwestward expansion or stronger intensity, more hail occurs over the NGP, because the increases of latitudinal gradient of pressure leads to a stronger LLJ. Interestingly, the important factors impacting hail interannual variability over the NGP are quite different from those for the SGP, except ENSO.

Jeong, Jong-Hoon↗
DOE OSTI2023

FAIR for AI: An interdisciplinary and international community building perspective

A foundational set of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles were proposed in 2016 as prerequisites for proper data management and stewardship, with the goal of enabling the reusability of scholarly data. The principles were also meant to apply to other digital assets, at a high level, and over time, the FAIR guiding principles have been re-interpreted or extended to include the software, tools, algorithms, and workflows that produce data. FAIR principles are now being adapted in the context of AI models and datasets. Here, we present the perspectives, vision, and experiences of researchers from different countries, disciplines, and backgrounds who are leading the definition and adoption of FAIR principles in their communities of practice, and discuss outcomes that may result from pursuing and incentivizing FAIR AI research. The material for this report builds on the FAIR for AI Workshop held at Argonne National Laboratory on June 7, 2022.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

We report the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (4LAC) between 2008 August 4 and 2016 August 2 contains objects located at high Galactic latitudes ( ). It includes 85% more sources than the previous 3LAC catalog based on 4 yr of data. AGNs represent at least 79% of the high-latitude sources in the fourth Fermi -Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), which covers the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV. In addition, gamma-ray AGNs are found at low Galactic latitudes. Most of the 4LAC AGNs are blazars (98%), while the remainder are other types of AGNs. The blazar population consists of 24% Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), 38% BL Lac-type objects, and 38% blazar candidates of unknown types (BCUs). On average, FSRQs display softer spectra and stronger variability in the gamma-ray band than BL Lacs do, confirming previous findings. All AGNs detected by ground-based atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes are also found in the 4LAC.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Energy dependence of chain fission product yields from neutron-induced fission of 235 U, 238 U, and 239 Pu

The lack of completeness and systematic studies of cumulative fission product yield (FPY) from the three major actinides of 235 U, 238 U, and 239 Pu, over a broad energy range, was the primary motivation for the LLNL-LANL-TUNL collaboration. Given the focus on resolving FPY behavior around fission spectrum neutron energies, our 2016 data provides FPY measurements in fine energy steps in the range of 0.5–5.5 MeV and an additional anchor point at 14.8 MeV. Recently, our collaboration filled the gap between second chance fission and 14.8 MeV, providing a comprehensive study at eleven incident neutron energies from 0.5 to 14.8 MeV. However, during the course of the last measurements, it was found that the reported masses of the actinide deposits in the fission ionization chambers, which were used to measure the number of fissions, were not consistent with the complementary tests. Therefore, some corrections to the old data are needed. The purpose of this paper is to summarize all of the high-yield FPY data obtained for 235 U, 238 U, and 239 Pu isotopes using quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams at 11 incident energies ranging from E n = 0.5 to 14.8 MeV.

Tonchev, A. P. [Lawrence Livermore National Labora↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterization of the quantum state of top quark pairs produced in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV using the beam and helicity bases

Measurements of the spin correlation coefficients in the beam basis are presented for top quark-antiquark $(t\bar{t}⁢)$ systems produced in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2018, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . The $t\bar{t}$ system is reconstructed from final states containing an electron or muon and jets. Together with the previously reported results in the helicity basis, these measurements are used to decompose the system into the Bell and spin eigenstates in various kinematic regions. The spin correlation coefficients are also used to evaluate properties of the $t\bar{t}$ quantum state, such as the purity, von Neumann entropy, and entanglement. All results are consistent with standard model predictions.

Hayrapetyan, Aram [Yerevan Physics Institute]↗
DOE OSTI2022

Residential Solar-Adopter Income and Demographic Trends: November 2022 Update [Slides]

The report describes income, demographic, and other socio-economic trends among U.S. residential rooftop solar adopters. The report is based on address-level data for roughly 2.8 million residential rooftop solar systems installed through 2021, representing 86% of all U.S. systems. With its unique size, geographic scope, and level of detail, this report is intended to serve as a foundational reference document for policy-makers, industry stakeholders, and researchers. Key findings include the following: -Median solar adopter income was about $\$110$k/year in 2021, compared to a U.S. median of about $\$63$k/year for all households and $\$79$k/year for all owner-occupied households -The degree of income skew varies significantly across all states, but all states exhibit some positive income skew, with median solar-adopter incomes ranging from 131-168% of the respective county-median income for all households -Notwithstanding the fact that solar adopter incomes skew high, a substantial share of adopters could be considered low-to-moderate income (LMI), with 22% of all 2021 adopters earning less than 80% of area median income, and an additional 21% between 80% and 120% of area median income. -Solar-adopter incomes are declining over time, with median incomes dropping from $\$129$k in 2010 to $\$110$k in 2021, as adoption becomes more proportionately distributed across the population and has started to broaden into low- and middle-income states since 2016. -Solar-adopter incomes are consistently higher for systems paired with battery storage, for host-owned systems, and for systems installed on single-family homes; higher income adopters also consistently install larger systems. -Solar adopters tend to live in Census Tracts not identified as “disadvantaged communities” (using the U.S. Department of Energy’s interim definitions developed March 2022), making up 11% of adopters compared to 18% of U.S. households. -Compared to the broader population, solar adopters tend to: identify as Non-Hispanic White, be primarily English-speaking, have higher education levels, be middle-aged, work in business and finance-related occupations, and live in higher-value homes In conjunction with the report, Berkeley Lab has published an updated accompanying set of online data visualizations that allow users to further explore the underlying data. Berkeley Lab is also offering related analytical support to states, local agencies, and other organizations on issues related to solar adoption among low-to-moderate income households; requests for analytical support may be submitted through this online form.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in the diphoton decay channel at $ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $ = 13 TeV

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons are reported. Events are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at s√ = 13 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb -1 . Analysis categories enriched in Higgs boson events produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, vector boson associated production, and production associated with top quarks are constructed. The total Higgs boson signal strength, relative to the standard model (SM) prediction, is measured to be 1.12±0.09. Other properties of the Higgs boson are measured, including SM signal strength modifiers, production cross sections, and its couplings to other particles. These include the most precise measurements of gluon fusion and vector boson fusion Higgs boson production in several different kinematic regions, the first measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair in five regions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark. All results are found to be in agreement with the SM expectations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Determination of the spin and parity of all-charm tetraquarks

The traditional quark model accounts for the existence of baryons, such as protons and neutrons, which consist of three quarks, as well as mesons, composed of a quark–antiquark pair. Only recently has substantial evidence started to accumulate for exotic states composed of four or five quarks and antiquarks. The exact nature of their internal structure remains uncertain. Here we report the first measurement of quantum numbers of the recently discovered family of three all-charm tetraquarks, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider from 2016 to 2018 . The angular analysis techniques developed for the discovery and characterization of the Higgs boson have been applied to the new exotic states. Here we show that the quantum numbers for parity P and charge conjugation C symmetries are found to be +1. The spin J of these exotic states is determined to be consistent with 2ħ, while 0ħ and 1ħ are excluded at 95% and 99% confidence levels, respectively. The J PC = 2 ++ assignment implies particular configurations of constituent spins and orbital angular momenta, which constrain the possible internal structure of these tetraquarks.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2021

Atmospheric Carbon and Transport – America (ACT-America) Data Sets: Description, Management, and Delivery

The ACT-America project is a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-2 mission designed to study the transport and fluxes of greenhouse gases. The open and freely available ACT-America data sets provide airborne in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, trace gases, aerosols, clouds, and meteorological properties, airborne remote sensing measurements of aerosol backscatter, atmospheric boundary layer height and columnar content of atmospheric carbon dioxide, tower-based measurements, and modeled atmospheric mole fractions and regional carbon fluxes of greenhouse gases over the Central and Eastern United States. In this study, we conducted 121 research flights during five campaigns in four seasons during 2016–2019 over three regions of the US (Mid-Atlantic, Midwest and South) using two NASA research aircraft (B-200 and C-130). We performed three flight patterns (fair weather, frontal crossings, and OCO-2 underflights) and collected more than 1,140 h of airborne measurements via level-leg flights in the atmospheric boundary layer, lower, and upper free troposphere and vertical profiles spanning these altitudes. We also merged various airborne in situ measurements onto a common standard sampling interval, which brings coherence to the data, creates geolocated data products, and makes it much easier for the users to perform holistic analysis of the ACT-America data products. Here, we report on detailed information of data sets collected, the workflow for data sets including storage and processing of the quality controlled and quality assured harmonized observations, and their archival and formatting for users. Finally, we provide some important information on the dissemination of data products including metadata and highlights of applications of ACT-America data sets.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

H 2 Production Pathways Cost Analysis (2016 - 2021) (Final Report)

This final report documents cost analysis conducted for the Department of Energy over a five year period (2016 to 2021) pertaining to hydrogen production and delivery system components, focusing on the key remaining challenges of the technology pathways within the Hydrogen Production and Delivery sub-program portfolio. A particular focus was placed on electrolysis for the generation of hydrogen. The effort primarily used the H2A discounted cash flow computational model as a tool to project hydrogen cost ($/kgH 2 ) and determine status improvements resulting from technology advancements. The effort also considered cost as a function of production volume, employed error bars to illustrate uncertainties in the cost estimates, and utilized sensitivity analyses to show the potential for cost reductions. The project examined a range of hydrogen production and delivery related systems. These included WireTough wire-wrapped pressure vessels for hydrogen storage, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, solid oxide electrolysis (SOE), anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis, photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrolysis, solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) production, the cost of energy transmission, and a study on the necessary price of hydrogen to produce competitively-priced electricity via fuel cell conversion.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Superconducting properties of the spin Hall candidate Ta 3 Sb with eightfold degeneracy

We report the synthesis and characterization of phase pure Ta 3 Sb, a material predicted to be topological with eightfold degenerate fermionic states [Bradlyn et al., Science 353, aaf5037 (2016)] and to exhibit a large spin Hall effect [Derunova et al., Sci. Adv. 5, eaav8575 (2019)]. We observe superconductivity in Ta 3 Sb with T c ~0.67 K in both electrical resistivity ρ(T) and specific heat c(T) measurements. Field-dependent measurements yield the superconducting phase diagram with an upper critical field of H c2 (0) ~0.95 T, corresponding to a superconducting coherence length of ξ ≈ 18.6 nm. The gap ratio deduced from specific heat anomaly, 2Δ 0 /k B T c is 3.46, a value close to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer value of 3.53. From a detailed analysis of both the transport and thermodynamic data within the Ginsburg-Landau (GL) framework, a GL parameter of κ ≈ 90 is obtained, identifying Ta 3 Sb as an extreme type-II superconductor. The observation of superconductivity in an eightfold degenerate fermionic compound with topological surface states and predicted large spin Hall conductance positions Ta 3 Sb as an appealing platform to further explore exotic quantum states in multifold degenerate systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of the ${K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu}$ decay and measurement of its branching ratio

A measurement of the ${K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu}$ decay by the NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS is presented, using data collected in 2021 and 2022. This dataset was recorded, after modifications to the beamline and detectors, at a higher instantaneous beam intensity with respect to the 2016–2018 data taking. Combining NA62 data collected in 2016–2022, a measurement $\mathcal{B} ({K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu}) = \large{(}13.0^{+3.3}_{-3.0}\large{)}$ x $10^{-11}$ of is reported. With 51 signal candidates observed and an expected background of $18^{+3}_{-2}$ events, $\mathcal{B} ({K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu})$ becomes the smallest branching ratio measured with a signal significance above 5σ.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Unraveling the Structure and Composition of Li 4 Mn 2 O 4.5 (Li 2 O·Li 0.667 Mn 1.333 O 2 ) Electrodes for Lithium Batteries Using a High-Temperature Synthesis Approach

This paper addresses the debate about the composition and structure of a lithium-rich manganese oxide electrode with a fully disordered rock salt component, Li 4 Mn 2 O 5 (or Li 2 O·2LiMnO 2 ), first reported by Freire et al. in 2016; it is typically prepared by a high-energy ball milling procedure. It has now been demonstrated that, when prepared at 800°C, the formula of this compound is Li 4 Mn 2 O 4.5 , alternatively Li 2 O·Li 0.667 Mn 1.333 O 2 , or close thereto. The cubic, disordered Li 0.667 Mn 1.333 O 2 (or Li 0.333 Mn 0.667 O) rock salt component, in which the manganese ions adopt an average oxidation state of 2.5+, transforms to a clearly-defined spinel configuration during electrochemical cycling. The electrochemical activation process that occurs during the initial charge reaction includes the oxidation of the manganese ions by oxygen released by the Li 2 O component between 4.5 and 4.6 V. In complete contrast, nickel- and nickel-cobalt-substituted electrodes, such as Li 2 O·2LiMn 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 2 (Li 4 MnNiO 5 ) and Li 2 O·2LiMn 0.475 Ni 0.475 Co 0.050 O 2 (Li 4 Mn 0.95 Ni 0.95 Co 0.10 O 5 ), in which the manganese ions adopt a tetravalent state, have completely disordered rock salt components that are electrochemically inactive.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2026

WHONDRS Surface Water and Sediment Geochemistry and Organic Matter Characterization Data from Streams across HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon (v2)

This dataset supports a broader study developing conceptual models for river corridor critical zone processes across spatial scales and was generated in collaboration with the HJ Andrews River Corridor Critical Zone Workshop in 2025. The dataset provides surface water geochemistry (dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen) from 48 sites across the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon (https://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu). Some of the sites have been impacted by the Holiday Farm Fire and the Lookout Fire in 2020 and 2023, respectively. Related data were collected as part of the workshop and will be published separately in collaboration with other workshop attendees and available at http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/b274c4a234bf4b12b7cb8a54a696c629. Related genomic data can be found on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under BioProject PRJNA1503030 (see critical details section below for more information). Additional related data collected in 2016 from a similar effort can be found at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi:10.15485/3377027 and http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/ea6c0832885a46c3939e7bb22e48e754 and are described within https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1-2019 (Ward et al., 2019). This data package was originally published in March 2026. It was updated in August 2026 (v2; new and modified files). See the change history section in the readme for more details. For details on how to navigate data packages generated by this project, see https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/portals/PNNLRiverCorridorSFA/About. In addition to a readme, this data package also includes a file-level metadata (FLMD) file that describes each file and a data dictionary (DD) that describes all column/row headers and variable definitions. This dataset is comprised of (1) a folder of field photos, (2) a folder of raw Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) data, (3) a data checks report, (4) a folder of sample data, (5) file-level metadata, (6) data dictionary, (7) field metadata, (8) readme, (9) international generic sample number (IGSN) mapping file; and (10) field protocol. The sample data subfolder contains surface water and sediment (1) dissolved organic carbon (DOC, measured as non-purgeable organic carbon, NPOC) data and averages, (2) total dissolved nitrogen data and averages, (3) methods codes, (4) FTICR-MS methods; and (5) a subfolder of 9.4 Tesla (9.4T) FTICR-MS data. This folder contains the CoreMS processed data and seven subfolders, thee containing .xml files for each sample type (sediment, surface water and blank samples), three containing the sediment CoreMS output files for each sample type (sediment, surface water and blank samples), and the other containing instructions and scripts for processing the files in CoreMS (https://github.com/EMSL-Computing/CoreMS). All files are .csv, .pdf, .R, .xml, .Rmd, .py, .cal, .json, .jpg, or .jpeg.

Biogeochemistry↗