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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1966

Terrain seen from Tiros.

Physiographic and geologic features revealed through analysis of pictures from Tiros satellites, useful for terrain information

PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION↗
NASA NTRS1982

The development of the TIROS global environmental satellite system

From its very first orbit around the Earth, TIROS demonstrated the ability of the satellite to perform global observations on a timely basis. With the success of TIROS-1, there followed an orderly growth and evolution of the TIROS family of meteorological satellites over the next two decades. The chronology of the TIROS satellites is depicted. A total of 28 TIROS/ESSA/ITOS/ (TIROS-N)/NOAA series of satellites was orbited successfully, all meeting or exceeding the mission requirements. The orbital performance of the TIROS satellites is presented.

Schnapf, A.↗
NASA NTRS1963

TIROS ACHIEVEMENTS

Evaluation of the tiros meteorological satellite performance and major achievements

SATELLITE OBSERVATION↗
NASA NTRS1965

Satellite Meteorology

Nimbus and Tiros weather satellite observations of earth cloud cover, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation

SATELLITE OBSERVATION↗
NASA NTRS1975

A plan for the economic assessment of the benefits of improved meteorological forecasts

Benefit-cost relationships for the development of meteorological satellites are outlined. The weather forecast capabilities of the various weather satellites (Tiros, SEOS, Nimbus) are discussed, and the development of additional satellite systems is examined. A rational approach is development that leads to the establishment of the economic benefits which may result from the utilization of meteorological satellite data. The economic and social impacts of improved weather forecasting for industries and resources management are discussed, and significant weather sensitive industries are listed.

Bhattacharyya, R.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Global temperature monitoring from space

Global and regional temperature variations in the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere are examined for the period 1979-92 from Microwave Sounder Unit (MSU) data obtained by the Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS)-N series of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operational satellites. In the lower troposphere, globally-averaged temperature variations appear to be dominated by tropical El Nino (warm) and La Nina (cool) events and volcanic eruptions. The Pinatubo volcanic eruption in June 1991 appears to have initiated a cooling trend which persisted through the most recent data analyzed (July, 1992), and largely overwhelmed the warming from the 1991-92 El Nino. The cooling has been stronger in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. The temperature trend over the 13.5 year satellite record is small (+0.03 C) compared to the year-to-year variability (0.2-0.4 C), making detection of any global warming signal fruitless to date. However, the future global warming trend, currently predicted to be around 0.3 C/decade, will be much easier to discern should it develop. The lower stratospheric temperature record is dominated by warm episodes from the Pinatubo eruption and the March 1982 eruption of El Chichon volcano.

Spencer, R. W.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Next-Generation Version 3 GPCP Products

The long-standing Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) recently introduced its next-generation Version 3.1 Monthly product, , which covers the period 1983-2019. Notable improvements include higher spatial resolution (0.5°x0.5°), geosynchronous IR estimates extended to the latitude band 60°N-S and based on the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR) algorithm, and high-latitude (outside 60ºN-S) precipitation estimates based on improved calibrations of Television-Infrared Operational Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) and Advanced Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data. The satellite-only estimate is adjusted to the best available monthly climatologies, namely the Tropical Combined Climatology (TCC) at lower latitudes and the Merged CloudSat, TRMM, and GPM (MCTG) climatology at higher latitudes. Finally, V3.1 merges these climatologically-adjusted satellite-only estimates with the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) gauge analyses at 1°x1°. In addition to the V3.1 Monthly product, the GPCP team is working towards a global Version 3 Daily product based on Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission (IMERG) Final Run V06 estimates, where available, calibrated to the GPCP V3.1 Monthly estimate. Rescaled TOVS/AIRS data are used in high-latitude areas that lack IMERG estimates, which occur over snowy/icy surfaces outside 60°N-S. Since IMERG currently extends back to June 2000, daily PERSIANN-CDR data are used for the period January 1983–May 2000 to complete the record. This presentation will provide early results for, and the latest status of, the Monthly and Daily GPCP products as a function of time and region. Key points include examining homogeneity over time and across boundaries between input datasets. One goal is to determine the suitability of the V3 products while we continue to produce the Version 2 GPCP products for on-going use.

precipitation↗