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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2020

Long Beach Transit BEB Progress Report (Jan-Jun 2019)[Slides]

This report summarizes results of a battery electric bus (BEB) evaluation at Long Beach Transit, located in Southern California. Long Beach Transit is collaborating with the California Air Resources Board and the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate the buses in revenue service. The focus of this evaluation is to compare the performance and the operating costs of the BEBs to that of conventional technology buses and to track progress over time. NREL completed a previous report funded by the Federal Transit Administration that documented results from January 2018 through December 2018. This report extends the data analysis through June 2019. The data period focus of this report is January 2019–June 2019. NREL plans to publish another written report on the Long Beach Transit fleet covering all of 2019.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Summary of Expansions and Updates in GREET® 2020

The GREET® (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) model has been developed by Argonne National Laboratory with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). GREET is a life-cycle analysis (LCA) tool, structured to systematically examine the energy and environmental effects of a wide variety of transportation fuels and vehicle technologies in major transportation sectors (i.e., road, air, marine, and rail) and other end-use sectors, and energy systems. Argonne has expanded and updated the model in various sectors in GREET 2020, and this report provides a summary of the release.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Foothill Transit Agency Battery Electric Bus Progress Report. Data Period Focus: Jan. 2020 through June 2020

This report summarizes results of a battery electric bus (BEB) evaluation at Foothill Transit, located in the San Gabriel Valley area of Los Angeles. Foothill Transit is collaborating with the California Air Resources Board and the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate the buses in revenue service. The focus of this evaluation is to compare the performance and the operating costs of the BEBs to that of conventional technology buses and to track progress over time. Previous reports documented results from April 2014 through December 2019. This report extends the data analysis through June 2020. The data period focus of this report is January 2020-June 2020. NREL plans to publish progress reports on the Foothill Transit fleet every 6 months through 2020.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Summary of Expansions and Updates in GREET ® 2021

The GREET® (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) model has been developed by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). GREET is a life-cycle analysis (LCA) tool, structured to systematically examine the energy and environmental effects of a wide variety of transportation fuels and vehicle technologies in major transportation sectors (i.e., road, air, marine, and rail) and other end-use sectors, and energy systems. Within the transportation sector, GREET covers road, air, water, and rail transportation sub-sectors. Recently, GREET was expanded to cover the building sector. Historically, GREET includes LCA of various materials such as steel, aluminum, cement, and different plastic types. Argonne has expanded and updated the model in various sectors in GREET 2021, and this report provides a summary of the release.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Summary of Expansions and Updates in GREET ® 2022

The GREET ® (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) model has been developed by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other federal agencies. GREET is a life cycle analysis (LCA) tool, structured to systematically examine the energy and environmental effects of a wide variety of transportation fuels and vehicle technologies in major transportation sectors (i.e., road, air, marine, and rail) and other end-use sectors, and energy systems. Argonne has expanded and updated the model in various sectors in GREET 2022, and this report provides a summary of the release.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Summary of Expansions and Updates in R&D GREET ® 2023

The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (GREET®) model was developed by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other federal agencies. R&D GREET is a life cycle analysis (LCA) model, structured to systematically examine the energy and environmental effects of a wide variety of transportation fuels and vehicle technologies in major transportation sectors (i.e., road, air, marine, and rail), other end-use sectors, and energy systems. Argonne has expanded and updated the model in various areas in R&D GREET 2023. This report provides a summary of the expansions and updates.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Summary of Expansions and Updates in R&D GREET ® 2024

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

Summary of Expansions and Updates in R&D GREET® 2024 Rev.1

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Summary of Expansions and Updates in R&D GREET® 2025

The research and development (R&D) version of Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (GREET®) model, or R&D GREET, is developed by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other federal agencies. R&D GREET is a life cycle analysis (LCA) model, structured to systematically examine the energy and environmental effects of a wide variety of transportation fuels and vehicle technologies in all transportation sub-sectors (i.e., road, air, marine, and rail) and other end-use sectors, and energy technology systems. Argonne has expanded and updated the model in many areas in R&D GREET 2025. This report provides a summary of the expansions and updates. R&D GREET is designed as an attributional LCA model, but specific consequential effects for certain pathways are included by default when they are scientifically important and/or highly policy relevant. For example, two major consequential elements – induced land use change (ILUC) for biofuels and avoided emissions for certain RNG-based pathways – are implemented by default in R&D GREET because they are highly relevant to our user base and crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental effects of these technologies. In a future version of R&D GREET, these consequential elements for biofuels and RNG could be more clearly distinguished from core attributional results. We will consider adding a highly visible toggle that would allow users to turn off or adjust these consequential impacts.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2023

Transportation and electricity systems integration via electric vehicle charging-as-a-service: A review of techno-economic and societal benefits

Here, in support of global decarbonization efforts, the adoption of electric vehicles is proceeding rapidly across transportation sectors, population groups, and regions. However, access to electric vehicle charging infrastructure remains sparse and inequitable, and technical, economic, and procedural challenges have encumbered its expansion. Charging-as-a-service, which can mitigate cost and effort risks of charging equipment ownership, adds a means of meeting many of these challenges. As charging-as-a-service has not been analyzed or addressed in the scholarly literature, we synthesize media, marketing, and analogous scholarly publications to categorize and describe the functions asserted by existing charging-as-a-service vendors. We demonstrate and quantify the benefits of many of these functions via four example business cases, sited at a detached residence, a multi-unit dwelling, a consumer-facing business, and a commercial fleet depot. Outcomes show that savings and revenues realized via charging-as-a-service can reduce charging costs, beneficially shape grid loads, and make charging installation economical where it otherwise would not be. Discussion highlights the need to deploy charging-as-a-service in cooperation with initiatives promoting societal benefits, including charging access equity.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Sustainable Port Operations: Powered by NREL

Seaports are vital economic hubs that allow the United States to compete on a global scale. But the heavy vehicles and cargo equipment that enable their operations also emit harmful air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. For nearly two decades, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) researchers have worked toward comprehensive seaport decarbonization. They fuse world-class analysis with deep vehicle and transportation systems knowledge to guide strategic deployment of low- and zero-emissions vehicles, charging and refueling infrastructure, and grid improvements. Together, these capabilities can enable sustainable port operations. This fact sheet outlines major seaport and airport decarbonization capabilities across the laboratory, including: fleet research, energy data, and insights for decarbonization; comprehensive hydrogen infrastructure deployment; optimized charging through grid integration; strategic blueprinting for clean, optimized technology deployment; and integrating diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility considerations into decarbonization efforts.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY CONSERVATION, C↗

DOE OSTI2023

Optimizing liquid free ionomer binders for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for heavy duty vehicles

This report documents tech transfer from Penn State to Ionomer Solutions LLC for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells are enticing power plants for heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) transportation because their elevated temperature operation fosters greater heat rejection through larger temperature differentials. In 2021, over 6 million battery electric light duty vehicles (LDVs) were sold. Conversely, only 19,000 LDVs using fuel cell power trains were sold in 2021. Given the meteoric rise of battery-based powertrains for LDVs and its projected growth, stakeholders for fuel cell technology for transportation have shifted their focus towards HDVs rather than LDVs given fuel cells specific and volumetric energy density advantage over batteries when the vehicle is large, heavy, and/or needs to move large distances before refueling.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗

DOE OSTI2024

Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Solution for Transportation Systems

The imperative for strong and rapid emissions reductions to mitigate global warming and enhance air quality necessitates a transition to net-zero emissions. This shift requires significant changes throughout the entire energy supply-demand ecosystems, tailored to various sectors. Transportation stands as the least-diversified energy sector and the largest source of U.S. GHG emissions. As the primary enabler for vehicle decarbonization when paired with clean electricity, electric vehicles (EVs) will play a pivotal role in the future. This talk summarizes current status of EV technologies and markets, future projections, and opportunities associated with a conversion to EV for all on-road vehicles. Moreover, EVs are poised to drive substantial growth in electricity demand and presents a unique opportunity to provide demand-side flexibility that is crucial for future renewable-dominated electricity systems. Smart integration of EVs can strengthen the grid, reducing costs and enhancing resilience.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,POWER TRANSMISSION AND↗

DOE OSTI2024

Analyzing School Bus Electrification in Richmond, Virginia

School buses are an essential component of the transportation infrastructure, serving as a lifeline for students across the globe. However, the widespread use of diesel school buses has raised concerns about the health impact on millions of students exposed to harmful emissions daily. Recognizing this issue, school districts worldwide are urgently seeking cleaner energy alternatives. Electric school buses emerge as an environmentally friendly and sustainable option, fostering a healthier environment for both students and communities. However, school bus electrification faces the challenges of high upfront cost, cumbersome charging management, and constraints from power grids. To help school bus operators address those challenges, this study presents a data-driven analysis for school bus electrification. This study considered a real-world school bus system in Richmond, VA, and developed a mathematical programming model to analyze the system design, charging strategies, and charging load profiles for the electrification scenario. The study evaluated different charging strategies based on model outcomes, aiming to optimize efficiency and effectiveness. Ultimately, this research generated electric school bus charging demand profiles under various scenarios, shedding light on the feasibility and implications of transitioning to electric-powered school buses.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2026

Vehicle Technologies Fiscal Year 2025 Annual Report

Research and development at NLR supports the U.S. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office in advancing low-cost, abundant, and secure energy technologies to accelerate a more affordable, reliable, efficient, and globally competitive U.S. transportation system.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Clean Cities Coalitions 2019 Activity Report

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) works with local Clean Cities coalitions across the country as part of its Technology Integration Program. These efforts help businesses and consumers make smarter/more-informed transportation energy choices that can save energy, lower costs, reduce reliance on imported oil, and reduce air emissions. This report summarizes the success and impact of coalition activities based on data and information provided in their annual progress reports.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Clean Cities Coalitions 2020 Activity Report

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) works with local Clean Cities coalitions across the country as part of its Technology Integration Program. These efforts help businesses and consumers make smarter/more-informed transportation energy choices that can save energy, lower costs, reduce reliance on imported oil, and reduce air emissions. This report summarizes the success and impact of coalition activities based on data and information provided in their annual progress reports.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Next-Generation Energy Technologies for Connected and Automated On-Road Vehicles (NEXTCAR) - Predictive Data-Driven Vehicle Dynamics and Powertrain Control: from ECU to the Cloud (Final Scientific/Technical Report)

This project developed and demonstrated a predictive, data-driven vehicle control system designed to improve energy efficiency and driving performance. The team created intelligent self-driving car technology that optimizes fuel and electricity use by proactively planning vehicle actions. By combining Level 4 autonomous driving capabilities with vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity, the system enables vehicles to adjust speed and change lanes in response to traffic signals, surrounding vehicles, and road conditions, reducing unnecessary stops and delays. In testing, the system improved vehicle fuel economy by more than 30% and reduced travel time by approximately 10%, compared to a conventional adaptive cruise control baseline. These results demonstrate the technical effectiveness of using predictive, V2X-enabled strategies, such as traffic light timing and surrounding traffic awareness, to inform real-time vehicle powertrain control and driving behavior. Additionally, a supporting cloud platform was developed to provide dispatch and route recommendations as well as to log vehicle data, demonstrating the economic feasibility of this approach at the fleet level. By optimizing dispatching and routing operations, this technology enables electric fleet operators to use their vehicles more efficiently and reduce reliance on diesel backups, lowering both operating costs and energy consumption. Overall, this project’s technology advances the future of clean, energy-efficient transportation, enabling vehicles and fleets to reduce energy waste, cut costs, and lower emissions through intelligent automation and connectivity.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗