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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

A Hybrid Finite Element Method for Axisymmetric Waveguide fed Horns

A new method for finding radiation patterns and the reflection coefficients associated with an axisymmetric waveguide fed horn is presented. The approach is based on a hybrid finite element method (FEM) wherein the electromagnetic fields in the FEM region are coupled to the fields outside by two surface integral equations. Because of the local nature of the FEM, this formalism allows for the presence of inhomogeneities to be included in the problem domain. The matrix equation which results from the application of this method is shown to be complex-symmetric. It is, furthermore, diagonally dominant and sparse. Comparisons of calculated and measured data for two different horns show good agreement.

Hybrid↗
DOE OSTI2024

Towards higher frequencies in a compact prebunched waveguide THz-FEL

Free-electron-lasers fill a critical gap in the space of THz-sources as they can reach high average and peak powers with spectral tunability. Using a waveguide in a THz FEL significantly increases the coupling between the relativistic electrons and electromagnetic field enabling large amounts of radiation to be generated in a single passage of electrons through the undulator. In addition to transversely confining the radiation, the dispersive properties of the waveguide critically affect the velocity and slippage of the radiation pulse which determine the central frequency and bandwidth of the generated radiation. In this paper, we characterize the spectral properties of a compact waveguide THz FEL including simultaneous lasing at two different frequencies and demonstrating tuning of the radiation wavelength in the high frequency branch by varying the beam energy and ensuring that the electrons injected into the undulator are prebunched on the scale of the resonant radiation wavelength.

Experimental particle physics↗
NASA NTRS1993

A theoretical and experimental study of microshield circuits

The novel type of monolithic planar transmission line presently studied theoretically and experimentally operates without via-holes or ground-equalizing air bridges; it also radiates less than conventional coplanar waveguides and furnishes a wide range of impedances in virtue of its many design parameters. The space-domain integral equation method is used to analyze several discontinuities of the proposed line. It is shown that the proposed line discontinuities radiate less than the corresponding coplanar waveguide cases.

Dib, Nihad I.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Symmetric Waveguide Orthomode Junctions

Imaging applications at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths demand precise characterization of the amplitude, spectrum, and polarization of the electromagnetic radiation. The use of a waveguide orthomode transducer (OMT) can help achieve these goals by increasing spectral coverage and sensitivity while reducing exit aperture size, optical spill, instrumental polarization offsets, and lending itself to integration in focal plane arrays. For these reasons, four-fold symmetric OMTs are favored over a traditional quasi-optical wire grid for focal plane imaging arrays from a systems perspective. The design, fabrication, and test of OMTs realized with conventional split-block techniques for millimeter wave-bands are described. The design provides a return loss is -20 dB over a full waveguide band (40% bandwidth), and the cross-polarization and isolation are greater than -40 dB for tolerances readily achievable in practice. Prototype examples realized in WR10.0 and WR3.7 wavebands will be considered in detail.

Wollack, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Symmetric Waveguide Orthomode Junctions

Imaging applications at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths demand precise characterization of the amplitude, spectrum, and polarization of the electromagnetic radiation. The use of a waveguide orthomode transducer (OMT) can help achieve these goals by increasing spectral coverage and sensitivity while reducing exit aperture size, optical spill, instrumental polarization offsets, and lending itself to integration in focal plane arrays. For these reasons, four-old symmetric OMTs are favored over a traditional quasi-optical wire grid for focal plane imaging arrays from a systems perspective. The design, fabrication, and test of OMTs realized with conventional split-block techniques for millimeter wave-bands are described. The design provides a return loss is -20 dB over a full waveguide band (40% bandwidth), and the cross-polarization and isolation are greater than -40 dB for tolerances readily achievable in practice. Prototype examples realized in WR10.0 and WR3.7 wavebands will be considered in detail.

Wollack, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS2011

NASA Tech Briefs, August 2011

Topics covered include: Miniature, Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyroscope; NBL Pistol Grip Tool for Underwater Training of Astronauts; HEXPANDO Expanding Head for Fastener-Retention Hexagonal Wrench; Diagonal-Axes Stage for Pointing an Optical Communications Transceiver; Improvements in Speed and Functionality of a 670-GHz Imaging Radar; IONAC-Lite; Large Ka-Band Slot Array for Digital Beam-Forming Applications; Development of a 150-GHz MMIC Module Prototype for Large-Scale CMB Radiation; Coupling Between Waveguide-Fed Slot Arrays; PCB-Based Break-Out Box; Multiple-Beam Detection of Fast Transient Radio Sources; Router Agent Technology for Policy-Based Network Management; Remote Asynchronous Message Service Gateway; Automatic Tie Pointer for In-Situ Pointing Correction; Jitter Correction; MSLICE Sequencing; EOS MLS Level 2 Data Processing Software Version 3; DspaceOgre 3D Graphics Visualization Tool; Metallization for Yb14MnSb11-Based Thermoelectric Materials; Solvent/Non-Solvent Sintering To Make Microsphere Scaffolds; Enhanced Fuel-Optimal Trajectory-Generation Algorithm for Planetary Pinpoint Landing; Self-Cleaning Coatings and Materials for Decontaminating Field-Deployable Land and Water-Based Optical Systems; Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with DEP-FFF; Li Anode Technology for Improved Performance; Post-Fragmentation Whole Genome Amplification-Based Method; Microwave Tissue Soldering for Immediate Wound Closure; Principles, Techniques, and Applications of Tissue Microfluidics; Robotic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Organ Growth; Stress-Driven Selection of Novel Phenotypes; Method for Accurately Calibrating a Spectrometer Using Broadband Light; Catalytic Microtube Rocket Igniter; Stage Cylindrical Immersive Display; Vacuum Camera Cooler; Atomic Oxygen Fluence Monitor; Thermal Management Tools for Propulsion System Trade Studies and Analysis; Introduction to Physical Intelligence; Technique for Solving Electrically Small to Large Structures for Broadband Applications; Accelerated Adaptive MGS Phase Retrieval; Large Eddy Simulation Study for Fluid Disintegration and Mixing; Tropospheric Correction for InSAR Using Interpolated ECMWF Data and GPS Zenith Total Delay; Technique for Calculating Solution Derivatives With Respect to Geometry Parameters in a CFD Code; Acute Radiation Risk and BRYNTRN Organ Dose Projection Graphical User Interface; Probabilistic Path Planning of Montgolfier Balloons in Strong, Uncertain Wind Fields; Flight Simulation of ARES in the Mars Environment; Low-Outgassing Photogrammetry Targets for Use in Outer Space; Planning the FUSE Mission Using the SOVA Algorithm; Monitoring Spacecraft Telemetry Via Optical or RF Link; and Robust Thermal Control of Propulsion Lines for Space Missions.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2020

Leaky wave in high-power AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs semiconductor lasers

Lasers based on AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures operating in the spectral range of 1.0 − 1.1 μm are investigated in order to optimise cladding layers. The effect of the thickness and composition of the cladding layers on the leakage of radiation from the laser waveguide is analysed. It is shown that for cladding thicknesses of 0.86 − 1.24 μm, it almost does not affect the output optical power. The effect of the crystal length and reflectivity of the laser mirrors on the leaky wave is demonstrated. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1972

Electromagnetic wave propagation and wave-vector diagram in space-time periodic media.

Analysis of TE and TM wave propagation in space-time periodic media such as dielectrics, isotropic plasmas and uniaxial plasmas. A numerical solution is obtained for media with sinusoidal periodicity. Wave-vector diagrams are plotted to facilitate studies of dipole radiation, wave propagation in waveguides and wave interactions with a half-space.

Elachi, C.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Designing A Mode Converter For Use With A Gyrotron

Report describes process of designing corrugated, circular-cross-section length of waveguide converting input electromagnetic radiation at frequency of 34.5 GHz in TM(11) mode to output radiation in HE(11) mode. TM(11)-mode input radiation supplied by gyrotron generating continuous-wave power of 200 kW at 34.5 GHz in TE(01) mode followed by TE(01)-to-TM(11) mode converter. Together, gyrotron and mode converters constitute prototype high-power transmitter for long-distance free-space communication.

Hoppe, Daniel J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Development of Leaky Wave Antennas for Layered Ridge Dielectric Waveguide

The millimeter wave, especially above 100 GHz, and the submillimeter wave frequency spectrum offers the possibility for narrow-beam, high-resolution antennas which are critical for high definition radars required for space debris tracking, airport ground avoidance radars, and missile tracking. In addition, the frequency which most atmospheric constituents may be detected lie in this part of the frequency spectrum. Therefore, the development of electronic components for millimeter/submillimeter wave passive sensors is required for environmental monitoring of the Earth's atmosphere. Typical microwave transmission lines such as microstrip and coplanar waveguide rely on two or more electrical conductors to concentrate and guide the electromagnetic energy. Unfortunately, the surface resistance of the conductors increases as the square root of frequency. In addition, the circuit dimensions must be decreased with increasing frequency to maintain a single mode transmission line which further increases the conductor loss. An alternative family of transmission lines are formed from two or more insulating materials and rely on the differences in the permittivities between the two materials to guide the wave. No metal conductors are required although some dielectric waveguides do utilize a metallic ground plane to facilitate the interconnections of active electrical elements or to reduce the transmission line size. Examples of such transmission lines are image guides, insulated image guides, trapped image guides, ridge guide, and layered ridge dielectric waveguide (LRDW). Although most dielectric waveguides have dimensions on the order of lambda to provide sufficient field confinement, the LRDW has been shown to provide good field confinement for electrically small lines. This offers an advantage in circuit integration. It has been shown that a periodic array of metallic strips placed either along or on top of a dielectric waveguide forms an effective radiator. This antenna is easy to fabricate and there is good background of microstrip type antenna design information in the literature. This paper reports the development of the first frequency scanning antenna fed by a LRDW.

Ponchak, George E.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Optical Backplane Interconnect Technology (OBIT)

We describe and analyze a novel approach to implementing an Optical Backplane Interconnect Technology (OBIT) that is capable of optically connecting any row of a 32x32 backplane array to any row of a second 32x32 array. Each backplane array is formed monolithically on a wafer. The technology is based on the use of Grating Surface Emitting (GSE) waveguides formed on a wafer containing quantum-well and separate confinement waveguide layers. These layers are used for transverse guiding, gain, modulation, detection, and for the formation of wavelength tunable distributed-Bragg reflector lasers. The required surface structures are formed photolithographically. The GSE waveguides act as efficient antennae that radiate light at angles selected by tuning the wavelength of the lasers. The same waveguides may be used as the receiving antennae when the array is used in the receiving mode. Thus, wavelength tuning is used to direct each row of the transmitting array to the desired row of the receiving array. In summary: The optical backplane array will have the following characteristics: Any row of a 32x32 GSE array may be optically connected to any row of a second 32x32 array. Only one switch decision is required to switch 32 parallel connections to any one of 32 positions. Each monolithic array can be used as both transmitter and receiver by switching the bias on the quantum-well switch-detectors. Separate transmitting and receiving structures could be provided for duplex operation. For a bit error rate of 10 sup 9 at 100-MHz data rate, a required laser power of 12 mW is calculated based on an estimated total optical loss of 40 dB.

Hammer, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Radiation Losses Due to Tapering of a Double-Core Optical Waveguide

The theoretical model we designed parameterizes the power losses as a function of .the profile shape for a tapered, single mode, optical dielectric coupler. The focus of this project is to produce a working model that determines the power losses experienced by the fibers when light crosses a taper region. This phenomenon can be examined using coupled mode theory. The optical directional coupler consists of a parallel, dual-channel, waveguide with minimal spacing between the channels to permit energy exchange. Thus, power transfer is essentially a function of the taper profile. To find the fields in the fibers, the approach used was that of solving the Helmholtz equation in cylindrical coordinates involving Bessel and modified Bessel functions depending on the location.

Lyons, Donald R.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Optical Waveguide Output Couplers Fabricated in Polymers

Waveguide output couplers fabricated in Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) #81 and AMOCO Ultradel 9020D polyimide are investigated. The output couplers are implemented using periodic relief gratings on a planar waveguide. Design theory of the couplers is based on the perturbation approach. Coupling of light from waveguide propagation modes to output radiation modes is described by coupled mode theory and the transmission line approximation of the perturbed area (grating structure). Using these concepts, gratings can be accurately designed to output a minimum number of modes at desired output angles. Waveguide couplers were designed using these concepts. These couplers were fabricated and analyzed for structural accuracy, output beam accuracy, and output efficiency. The results for the two different materials are compared.

Watson, Michael D.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analysis of First-Order Gratings in Silicon Photonic Waveguides

A simple thin film effective index analysis for first order gratings in Si photonic waveguides is shown to provide highly accurate results for reflected and transmitted power spectrums as long as the waveguide remains single mode and non-radiating. A cover layer can be added to the grating region of a Si photonic waveguide to increase the strength of the grating, modify transition losses from the input waveguide to the grating waveguide region, and/or modify the width of the reflectivity spectrum. For a given grating period, the peak reflection and spectral width of the reflectivity decrease as the duty cycle is decreased or increased from ~50%. For both radiating and multimode structures, the coupling between all modes, power radiated towards the superstrate (upwards), power radiated downwards (substrate) and transmitted power analyzed by Floquet-Bloch, Eigenmode Expansion and Finite Difference Time Domain methods show excellent agreement. Coupling coefficients calculated using analytic formulas are shown to be accurate only for shallow grating depths.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electro-optic sampling based characterization of broad-band high efficiency THz-FEL

Extremely high beam-to-radiation energy conversion efficiencies can be obtained in a THz FEL using a strongly tapered helical undulator at the zero-slippage resonant condition, where a circular waveguide is used to match the radiation group velocity to the electron beam longitudinal velocity. In this paper we report on the first electro-optic sampling (EOS) based measurements of the broadband THz FEL radiation pulses emitted in this regime. The THz field waveforms are reconstructed in the spatial and temporal domains using multi-shot and single-shot EOS schemes respectively. The measurements are performed varying the input electron beam energy in the undulator providing insights on the complex dynamics in a waveguide FEL.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗