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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Revealing the Chemical Bonding in Adatom Arrays via Machine Learning of Hyperspectral Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Data

The adatom arrays on surfaces offer an ideal playground to explore the mechanisms of chemical bonding via changes in the local electronic tunneling spectra. While this information is readily available in hyperspectral scanning tunneling spectroscopy data, its analysis has been considerably impeded by a lack of suitable analytical tools. Here we develop a machine learning based workflow combining supervised feature identification in the spatial domain and unsupervised clustering in the energy domain to reveal the details of structure-dependent changes of the electronic structure in adatom arrays on the Co 3 Sn 2 S 2 cleaved surface. This approach, in combination with first-principles calculations, provides insight for using artificial neural networks to detect adatoms and classifies each based on their local neighborhood comprised of other adatoms. These structurally classified adatoms are further spectrally deconvolved. The unexpected inhomogeneity of electronic structures among adatoms in similar configurations is unveiled using this method, suggesting there is not a single atomic species of adatoms, but rather multiple types of adatoms on the Co 3 Sn 2 S 2 surface. This is further supported by a slight contrast difference in the images (or slight size variation) of the topography of the adatoms.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Systems and methods for data storage and retrieval

A method includes directing a probe beam to a target that includes an array of data portions in a data storage medium arranged so that a beam area of the probe beam extends across a plurality of adjacent data portions, the array including a data portion subset with each data portion of the subset responsive to the probe beam to produce a response illumination, receiving the response illumination at a detector, and determining data values corresponding to the plurality of adjacent data portions based on the received response illumination. Apparatus and systems are also disclosed.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Upgrade of the CAESium-iodide scintillator ARray (CAESAR) electronics and data acquisition system for optimized performance at FRIB

Here, we report on the upgrade of the electronics and data acquisition (DAQ) of the high-efficiency CAESium-iodide scintillator ARray (CAESAR) at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). With the on-going capability ramp-up of FRIB, CAESAR is expected to continue to be an in-demand -ray spectrometer owing to its high detection efficiency, compactness, and modularity, enabling easy integration with additional detection and DAQ systems. Within this context, the CAESAR electronics and DAQ were upgraded to remove obsolete modules, enhance the ease of integration with external instruments, and optimize the DAQ live time. We present the comprehensive results from offline (γ-ray sources) and online (in-beam experiment) commissioning, characterizing the performance of CAESAR’s new electronics and DAQ.

CsI(Na) scintillator array↗
DOE OSTI2021

Comprehensive GOM Federal Waters Platform, Incident, Metocean, and Geohazard Dataset

The dataset contains integrated data from an array of disparate data sources, all spatially and temporally linked to platforms in the federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (platform data from BSEE, 2020). Integrated data includes past reported incidents dating back to 1956 (BSEE, BOEM, MMS), metocean data (see Nelson et al. in review for source information), and geohazard data (see Nelson et al. in review for source information). Proprietary well production information was redacted from this dataset, but was used in resulting analytics.

Full System↗
DOE OSTI2020

Methods for the robust computation of the long-period seismic spectrum of broad-band arrays

SUMMARY We describe array methods to search for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals in long-period seismic data using Fourier analysis. This is motivated by published results that find evidence of solar free oscillations in the Earth's seismic hum. Previous work used data from only one station. In this paper, we describe methods for computing spectra from array data. Arrays reduce noise level through averaging and provide redundancy that we use to distinguish coherent signal from a random background. We describe two algorithms for calculating a robust spectrum from seismic arrays, an algorithm that automatically removes impulsive transient signals from data, a jackknife method for estimating the variance of the spectrum, and a method for assessing the significance of an entire spectral band. We show examples of their application to data recorded by the Homestake Mine 3-D array in Lead, SD and the Piñon Flats PY array. These are two of the quietest small aperture arrays ever deployed in North America. The underground Homestake data has exceptionally low noise, and the borehole sensors of the PY array also have very low noise, making these arrays well suited to finding very weak signals. We find that our methods remove transient signals effectively from the data so that even low-SNR signals in the seismic background can be found and tested. Additionally, we find that the jackknife variance estimate is comparable to the noise floor, and we present initial evidence for solar g-modes in our data through the T2 test, a multivariate generalization of Student's t-test.

Caton, Ross C.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cosmology intertwined: A review of the particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology associated with the cosmological tensions and anomalies

The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a few big open questions that make the standard model look like an approximation to a more realistic scenario yet to be found. In this paper, we list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant H 0 , the σ 8 – S 8 tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the 5.0 σ tension between the Planck CMB estimate of the Hubble constant H 0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the H 0 evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the Planck CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density Ω m , and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure ( σ 8 , f σ 8 ). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the H 0 – S 8 tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals. Finally, we give an overview of upgraded experiments and next-generation space missions and facilities on Earth that will be of crucial importance to address all these open questions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Radar Line-of-Sight

The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) system is a network of doppler radar operated jointly by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the U.S. Air Force. This dataset represents a line-of-sight for each radar station. Radar line-of-sight can become saturated with wind energy due to interference. For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.

Airspace/Defense↗
DOE OSTI2022

100 Gb/s High Throughput Serial Protocol (HTSP) for data acquisition systems with interleaved streaming

Demands on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) data transport have been increasing over the years as frame sizes and refresh rates increase. As the bandwidths requirements increase the ability to implement data transport protocol layers using "soft" programmable logic becomes harder and start to require harden IP blocks implementation. To reduce the number of physical links and interconnects, it is common for data acquisition systems to require interleaving of streams on the same link (e.g. streaming data and streaming register access). Further, this paper presents a way to leverage existing FPGA harden IP blocks to achieve a robust, low latency 100 Gb/s point-to-point link with minimal programmable logic overhead geared towards the needs of data acquisition systems with interleaved streaming requirements.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

A next generation ultra short pulse reflectometry (USPR) diagnostic

Ultrashort Pulse Reflectometry (USPR) is a plasma diagnostic technique involving the propagation and reflection of ultrashort duration (~few ns) chirps. The reflected packets pass through a multichannel filter with time-of-flight measurements performed on each of the filtered packets. A next generation USPR system is under development, spanning 28–75 GHz, for use on compact, short duration, magnetically confined fusion devices. This system presents a dramatic increase in performance compared with an earlier USPR system employed on the LLNL Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment device more than a decade ago. The new system replaces upconverting mixers with higher power active multiplier chains to generate mm-wave transmitter chirps, with custom time-of-flight electronics reducing the time per measurement by a factor of 3X. Finally, the system is equipped with a field programmable gate array for data acquisition and analysis.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Airport and Heliport Setbacks

This dataset represents a first-order quantification of airport and heliport setback requirements based on the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 14 CFR Part 77.9. It defines the following FAA notice criteria that we use to create runway buffers. Runways longer than 3,200 feet receive a 20,000 foot buffer, runways less than 3,200 feet long receive a buffer of 10,000 feet, and heliports receive a buffer of 5,000 feet. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from an airport or heliport that an energy project may be developed. For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.

airport↗
DOE OSTI2023

Clear-Sky Detection Using Time-Averaged, Tilted-Plane Data

A method is presented to detect clear-sky periods for plane-of-array, time-averaged irradiance data that is based on the algorithm originally described by Reno and Hansen. We show this new method improves the state-of-the-art by providing accurate detection at longer data intervals, and by detecting clear periods in plane-of-array data, which is novel. We illustrate how accurate determination of clear-sky conditions helps to eliminate data noise and bias in the assessment of long-term performance of PV plants.

clear-sky conditions↗
DOE OSTI2023

Clear-sky detection for PV degradation analysis using multiple regression

A method is presented to detect clear-sky periods for plane-of-array irradiance time-averaged data that is based on the algorithm originally described by Reno and Hansen. Here we show this new method improves the state-of-the-art by providing accurate detection at longer data averaging intervals. Moreover, our new method detects clear periods in plane-of-array data, which is novel. The new method is developed by applying a Design of Experiment approach to optimize the parameters used in the Reno method, and Monte Carlo simulations are used to understand the robustness of the found parameters. Clear-sky detection accuracy is compared among four methods: the Reno method, the default clear-sky filter in RdTools, the Ellis method, and the method outlined in this work, using a hand-labeled two-year data set of 1-min plane-of-array irradiance for a fixed tilt system. The RdTools clear-sky filter is marred by excessive false positives. The other methods all perform well at 1-min data intervals; the method developed here provides more accurate detection at longer data averaging intervals. We show that the parameters are directly linked to the data frequency in the hope that these input variables may not have to be optimized for every data frequency and location. However, only a single fixed system in one location was carefully examined. Finally, we illustrate how accurate determination of clear-sky conditions helps to eliminate data noise and bias in the assessment of long-term performance of PV plants.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Solar Panel Anti-Soiling Evaluation (CRADA Final Report)

NREL and Pellucere Technologies, Inc. will cooperate to leverage NREL’s existing testing and data analysis capability to evaluate solar panel anti-soiling coating in both laboratory testing conditions and from actual solar array field data.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Custom Accessors: Enabling Scalable Data Ingestion, (Re-)Organization, and Analysis on Distributed Systems

The emerging class of high velocity and high volume data analytic workflows comprise interwoven data ingestion, organization, and processing stages, with ingestion and organization steps often contributing comparable or even higher computational costs than actual processing steps. Since complex workflows consist of a variety of phases that view and use data differently, being able to construct efficient, scalable, distributed data structures (arrays, vectors, sets, maps, and multi-maps) is essential and requires custom methods to extend and shrink containers, analyze and position data, and, maintain globallyconsistent meta-data. In this paper, we propose a novel datastructure access paradigm based on the concept of Accessors. At a high level, accessors are customizable callable objects that can modify the behavior of insert, read, update, and delete operations for distributed containers while preserving atomicity guarantees. Accessors provide a very clean and natural way to implement a variety of programming patterns, e.g., conditional insertion/deletion and cascading computations, which would be otherwise hard (or even impossible) to express in parallel and distributed settings without using locks. We demonstrate the practicality and usefulness of our approach with two representative use cases and study the performance of these applications on a distributed High-Performance Computing system. Our analysis highlights that our proposed abstraction allows for an effective overlapping and concurrent execution of different workflow steps (e.g., data ingestion and analysis), which in a conventional analytics pipeline would execute sequentially, contributing cumulatively to the overall latency.

Castellana, Vito G. [BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)] (O↗
DOE OSTI2026

Cadillac CT6 Super Cruise On-road Data

This dataset encompasses about 60 individual drives of a 2019 Cadillac CT6 with Super Cruise in its relevant operational domain covering more than 1,000 miles. Adhering to the limited operational design domain of the investigated version of the Supercruise system, the majority of the data was collected during highway driving. Information collected includes vehicle CAN data as well as Lidar and camera data from a vehicle mounted sensor array. Vehicle CAN data and information on traffic surrounding the Ego-vehicle derived from the sensor array are postprocessed and merged to provide one combined CVS data file per drive. ![cadillac-ct6 image](ct6.png)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗