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Results for “charged particle scintillator”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1979

An instrument to measure the spectrum of cosmic ray iron and other nuclei to above 100 GeV/nucleon

A balloon-borne instrument system for the study of cosmic ray composition in the energy region beyond 100 GeV/nucleon is described. The large area detector incorporates an ionization spectrometer or calorimeter to determine the energy of the incident particles which is calibrated in flight by a gas Cerenkov counter filled with freon 12 at 20 psi. Calibration of calorimeter response indicates that the effects of ionization energy loss and nucleon fragmentation are correctly accounted for in a Monte Carlo simulation. A charge measuring module consisting of five scintillators and a lucite Cerenkov counter is used to determine the charge and position of the incoming particles. A spatial resolution of 5 to 10 cm has been obtained by using the ratios of pulse heights in different photomultiplier tubes aimed at the same scintillators within the module. The detector represents the heaviest cosmic ray experiment that can be flown over 30 km using the dynamic launching technique commonly employed.

Arens, J. F.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Scintillator ageing of the T2K near detectors from 2010 to 2021

The T2K experiment widely uses plastic scintillator as a target for neutrino interactions and an active medium for the measurement of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions at its near detector complex. Over 10 years of operation the measured light yield recorded by the scintillator based subsystems has been observed to degrade by 0.9–2.2% per year. Extrapolation of the degradation rate through to 2040 indicates the recorded light yield should remain above the lower threshold used by the current reconstruction algorithms for all subsystems. This will allow the near detectors to continue contributing to important physics measurements during the T2K-II and Hyper-Kamiokande eras. Additionally, work to disentangle the degradation of the plastic scintillator and wavelength shifting fibres shows that the reduction in light yield can be attributed to the ageing of the plastic scintillator. The long component of the attenuation length of the wavelength shifting fibres was observed to degrade by 1.3–5.4% per year, while the short component of the attenuation length did not show any conclusive degradation.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1985

Bevalac calibration of the SOFIE range and hodoscope detectors

The scintillating optical fiber isotope experiment (SOFIE) is a Cerenkov-dE/dx-Range experiment which was developed initially for balloon flight to study the isotopic composition of cosmic rays in the iron region. The electronic range and hodoscope detectors use scintillating optical fibers to image the tracks of stopping charged particles and to determine their trajectory. The particle range is determined and used together with a Cerenkov measurement to determine the mass of the stopping particle. Preliminary results of a Bevalac calibration performed in August, 1984 with a prototype of the balloon flight instrument, to study the measurement precision in range and trajectory which could be attained with this detector are described.

Binns, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Studies of Light and Charge Produced by Alpha-Particles in High-Pressure Xenon

The results of measurements of scintillation light induced by alpha-particles in high-pressure Xe are presented. The ratio of N(sub ex)/N(sub i) and the intensity and time characteristics of the luminescence signal have been measured for different densities up to 0.74 g/cc. The role and mechanisms of the electron-ion recombination in high-pressure gas have been investigated. The existence of clusters and self-trapped excitons above 0.6 g/cc has been observed and discussed. This work is a part of a development program of high-pressure Xe detectors for low-energy gamma rays.

Bolotnikov, Aleksey↗
NASA NTRS1972

Search for 1/3e and 2/3e charged quarks in the cosmic radiation at 2750-m altitude.

A scintillation counter telescope consisting of eight liquid scintillation counters and four wide-gap spark chambers was used to search for particles with electric charge 1/3e and 2/3e in cosmic rays at 2750 m above sea level. No such particles were detected during the 1500-hr experimental run. Upper limits on the vertical fluxes are established, and estimates of the corresponding sea-level fluxes are made for comparison with previous results.

Cox, A. J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fast-neutron response of LaBr 3 (Ce) and LaCl 3 (Ce) scintillators

The response of LaBr 3 (Ce) and LaCl 3 (Ce) scintillators to fast neutrons is investigated. Neutron-induced charged-particle reactions are observed in both materials when exposed to the fast neutrons produced by an AmBe source, with pulse-shape discrimination used to separate channels. LaBr 3 (Ce) is found to have the best separation between reaction channels, while LaCl 3 (Ce) has a significantly higher efficiency.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proton Quenching in Rare-Earth Inorganic Scintillators: GAGG:Ce and YSO:Ce

Scintillator detectors are an integral component of radiation detection systems for a variety of applications such as medical imaging, accelerator diagnostics, and space science. Typically, a scintillator detector’s response is characterized using gamma sources to understand the detection response to different types of radiation, including charged particle detection. However, there exists a nonlinearity of the amount of light produced from an incident gamma ray of specific energy and the light produced from an incident charged particle of the same energy. This important effect, known as quenching, must be accounted for to interpret energies from charged particles incident on detectors. In this article, we present results of quenching parameterization for two types of cerium-doped inorganic scintillators, Y2SiO5:Ce (YSO:Ce) and Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce (GAGG:Ce). We measured the light output from incident proton energies from 1 to 25 MeV using a 3-MV tandem accelerator and two reactions: Au(p,p)Au and 3He(d,p)⁴He. Using gamma-ray sources to calibrate the detectors, we compared the measured electron-equivalent energy versus the incident energy expected. Using an adaptation of the Birks semi-empirical formula, we extracted the Birks parameter (kB) to understand quenching. For one of the GAGG:Ce samples, the kB parameter of 0.0072 [g cm-2 MeV-1] is comparable to a similar study where the value of kB was 0.0065 [g cm-2 MeV-1]. For YSO:Ce, no other kB values were found in the literature. Three different types of GAGG:Ce were used to collect measurements of kB as a function of dopant concentration.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

The GlueX beamline and detector

The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has been designed to study photoproduction reactions with a 9-GeV linearly polarized photon beam. The energy and arrival time of beam photons are tagged using a scintillator hodoscope and a scintillating fiber array. The photon flux is determined using a pair spectrometer, while the linear polarization of the photon beam is determined using a polarimeter based on triplet photoproduction. Charged-particle tracks from interactions in the central target are analyzed in a solenoidal field using a central straw-tube drift chamber and six packages of planar chambers with cathode strips and drift wires. Electromagnetic showers are reconstructed in a cylindrical scintillating fiber calorimeter inside the magnet and a lead-glass array downstream. Charged particle identification is achieved by measuring energy loss in the wire chambers and using the flight time of particles between the target and detectors outside the magnet. The signals from all detectors are recorded with flash ADCs and/or pipeline TDCs into memories allowing trigger decisions with a latency of 3.3 $μs$. The detector operates routinely at trigger rates of 40 kHz and data rates of 600 megabytes per second. Here, we describe the photon beam, the GlueX detector components, electronics, data-acquisition and monitoring systems, and the performance of the experiment during the first three years of operation.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Identification of Prompt Proton Emission in $N = Z - 1$ 61 Ga: Isospin Symmetry at the Limit of Nuclear Binding

Excited states in the proton drip line nucleus 61 Ga were populated via the fusion-evaporation reaction 24 Mg ⁢( 40 Ca, 𝑝⁢2⁢𝑛)⁢ 61 Ga. The experimental setup at Argonne National Laboratory comprised a novel combination of the Gammasphere array with two CD-shaped double-sided Si-strip detectors inside the Microball CsI(Tl) charged-particle detection array, as well as the Neutron-Shell liquid scintillators and the Fragment Mass Analyzer. Owing to the setup’s unprecedented in-beam proton spectroscopy and tracking capabilities, a coincidence between a 957.6(5)-keV 𝛾 ray and a 1.876(24)-MeV proton line was observed, which identifies the quasibound proton 𝜋⁢𝑔 9/2 single-particle state in 61 Ga at 𝐸 𝑥 = 2150⁢(34) keV. This probes isospin symmetry at the limit of nuclear binding by providing a unique challenge for the shell-model interpretation of mirror nuclei beyond doubly magic 56 Ni .

Hrabar, Yuliia [Lund Univ. (Sweden)] (ORCID:000000↗
NASA NTRS1977

Energy spectrum and flux of fast neutrons in the atmosphere

The neutron energy spectrum and flux in the atmosphere at the Pfotzer maximum (about 100 g per cm squared) were measured at geomagnetic latitude 42 deg N, using a system capable of detecting a small flux of fast (5 to 20 MeV) neutrons in a much larger background flux of gamma rays and charged particles. The detector consisted of a cylindrical cell of organic liquid scintillator coupled to a high-resolution two-parameter multiparticle pulse shape discriminator with a two-parameter logarithmic pulse-height analyzer. The spectral parameter for the differential neutron energy spectrum was found to decrease from 4.4 plus or minus 0.8 between 3.5 and 6.0 MeV to 1.5 plus or minus 1.0 in the interval 11 to 20 MeV; a value of 0.36 plus or minus 0.10 neutrons per cm squared was calculated for neutron flux between 3.5 and 10 MeV. The importance of these results for evaluating the role of albedo neutron leakage as a source of the energetic proton flux in the radiation belts is also considered.

Saint Onge, R. N.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Demonstration and performance of an online data selection algorithm for liquid argon time projection chambers using MicroBooNE

The MicroBooNE detector is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that produces three-dimensional images of particle interactions using ionization charge collected by anode wire plane arrays and scintillation light collected by a light detection system. In addition to testing long-standing experimental neutrino anomalies and performing measurements of neutrino interactions with argon nuclei using the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam, MicroBooNE aims to develop methodologies for rare beyond the Standard Model and off-beam physics searches. Looking ahead to the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), with MicroBooNE serving as a valuable testbed, achieving high sensitivity and livetime for off-beam physics while satisfying data processing and storage constraints will require data-driven, intelligent, and online or real-time data selection techniques. These techniques are essential for reducing data rates and preserving rare signals with high accuracy. In this paper, we describe a fast data selection algorithm suitable for online execution to identify electrons from stopping cosmic ray muons in the MicroBooNE detector utilizing ionization charge information, and present its performance. This represents the first demonstration of online data selection in a LArTPC using real data and charge information exclusively and provides an important proof-of-principle for applying such techniques to other LArTPC experiments such as the Short-Baseline Near Detector and DUNE.

Abratenko, P. [Tufts U. (main)]↗
DOE OSTI2023

Charged particle diagnostics for inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics experiments

MeV-range ions generated in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics experiments carry a wealth of information, including fusion reaction yield, rate, and spatial emission profile; implosion areal density; electron temperature and mix; and electric and magnetic fields. Here, the principles of how this information is obtained from data and the charged particle diagnostic suite currently available at the major US ICF facilities for making the measurements are reviewed. Time-integrating instruments using image plate, radiochromic film, and/or CR-39 detectors in different configurations for ion counting, spectroscopy, or emission profile measurements are described, along with time-resolving detectors using chemical vapor deposited diamonds coupled to oscilloscopes or scintillators coupled to streak cameras for measuring the timing of ion emission. A brief description of charged-particle radiography setups for probing subject plasma experiments is also given. The goal of the paper is to provide the reader with a broad overview of available capabilities, with reference to resources where more detailed information can be found.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS2007

Comparison of Fluka-2006 Monte Carlo Simulation and Flight Data for the ATIC Detector

We have performed a detailed Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) detector using the MC code FLUKA-2006 which is capable of simulating particles up to 10 PeV. The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon flight, investigation of the cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy; using a fully active Bismuth Germanate(BGO) calorimeter. It is equipped with a large mosaic of.silicon detector pixels capable of charge identification, and, for particle tracking, three projective layers of x-y scintillator hodoscopes, located above, in the middle and below a 0.75 nuclear interaction length graphite target. Our simulations are part of an analysis package of both nuclear (A) and energy dependences for different nuclei interacting in the ATIC detector. The MC simulates the response of different components of the detector such as the Si-matrix, the scintillator hodoscopes and the BGO calorimeter to various nuclei. We present comparisons of the FLUKA-2006 MC calculations with GEANT calculations and with the ATIC CERN data and ATIC flight data.

Gunasingha, R.M.↗
DOE OSTI2026

High-spin states in 60 Cu and implications for states in the mirror nucleus 60 Ga

High-spin states in 60 Cu are investigated on the basis of reaction-channel-selected 𝛾-ray spectroscopy. Data stem from three experiments that used the same fusion-evaporation reaction at similar beam energies. The Gammasphere 𝛾-ray spectrometer was combined with the Microball CsI(Tl) detector array and sets of liquid-scintillator neutron detectors which allowed us to identify and tag on evaporated light charged particles and neutrons, respectively. A level scheme is proposed which comprises more than 300 𝛾-ray transitions connecting more than 100 excited states. Predictions from cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations describe the observed high-spin collective structures in 60 Cu. Predictions of shell-model calculations are probed with a suite of low- to medium-spin states of both parities. Taking into account isospin-symmetry-breaking terms in these calculations, a case study of the yrast line of the weakly bound mirror nucleus 60 Ga is presented.

Rudolph, Dirk [Lund University (Sweden)] (ORCID:00↗
NASA NTRS1972

Response of TlCl /I,Be/ crystals to energetic ionizing radiation.

The response of a 3.8-cm TlCl(I,Be) crystal to 8 GeV negative pions is reported. A comparison is also made with the response of a similar CsI(Tl) crystal to the same incident radiation. In addition, the pulse shape and resolution characteristics of a 7.6-cm TlCl(I,Be) crystal, excited by positrons in the energy range 50 to 130 MeV, are reviewed. It is concluded that thallous chloride shows promise of being an excellent scintillating material for the detection and energy determination of high energy photons and charged particles.

Farukhi, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Some methods in high energy cosmic ray measurement

Problems concerning ion chamber and emulsion detection techniques for high energy cosmic ray measurement are investigated. The calculation of the average energy actually deposited in an ion chamber by an ultra-high energy particle of large mass and charge is examined. A calculational scheme already applied successfully to particles of charge 1 is extended. Also, the calibration of a plate of plastic scintillator for measurement of the position of a cosmic ray shower passing through it is discussed. The method of calibration is to inject pulses of flight at known positions on the plate and record the responses of photomultiplier tubes at the corner of the plate.

Shand, J. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Relative Abundances and Energy Spectra of C, N, and 0 as Measured by the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter Balloon Experiment

We present results on the spectra and the relative abundances of C, N, and 0 nuclei in the cosmic radiation as measured from the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter Balloon Experiment (ATIC) . The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon flight, investigation of the cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy, using a fully active Bismuth Germanate calorimeter. It is equipped with a large area mosaic of silicon detector pixels capable of charge identification from H to Fe. As a redundancy check for the charge identification and a particle tracking system, three projective layers of x-y scintillator hodoscopes were employed, above, in the middle and below a 0.75 nuclear interaction length graphite target.

Fazely, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS2001

The First Flight of ATIC : Preliminary Results on CNO Nuclei

We present preliminary results on the spectra of CNO nuclei in the cosmic radiation as measured in the first flight of the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter Balloon Experiment (ATIC) which lasted for 16 days, starting in December, 2000 with a launch from McMurdo, Antarctica. ATIC is a multiple, long duration balloon flight,investigation for the study of cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy, using a fully active Bismuth Germanate (BGO) calorimeter. It is equipped with the first large area mosaic of small fully depleted silicon detector pads capable of charge identification in cosmic rays from H to Fe. As a redundancy check for the charge identification and a coarse particle tracking system, three projective layers of x-y scintillator hodoscopes were employed, above, in the center and below a Carbon interaction'target'.

Fazely, A.↗