Acceleration of high-pressure-ratio single-spool turbojet engine as determined from component performance characteristics : effect of compressor interstage air bleed
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The performance results, as well as a compressor-turbine match point study based on a particular mode of engine operation, are compared with those previously obtained with the same turbine having first-stator areas 70, 95.6, and 132 percent of design. Maximum efficiencies for all turbine configurations were high, on the order of 87 to 89 percent. The efficiencies obtained at the match points for the 87-, 95.6-, and 132-percent turbines were slightly lower. No match point for the 70-percent turbine was obtained because, with first-stator areas less than 75.5 percent of design, the turbine would develop insufficient work to drive the compressor at the match point.
Results of a survey investigation of the J71-97 experimental three-stage turbine equipped with a first-stator area 70 percent pf design are presented and compared with the turbine with a first-stator area 97 percent of design.
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An experimental invesitgation of the effect of increasing the first-stator area of the J71-97 experimental three-stage turbine from 97 percent of design to 132 percent revealed (1) the maximum efficiency obtained decreased from 0.891 to 0.869, (2) the choking equivalent weight flows increased by approximately 13.6 percent, and (3) at the turbine match points required to maintain the compressor at constant design equivalent conditions the turbine efficiency decreased from 0.87 to 0.86.
An experimental investigation of the internal-flow conditions of a J71 experimental turbine equipped with 97-percent-design stator areas was conducted at equivalent design speed and near equivalent design work. The results of the investigation indicate that the stage work distribution closely approximates design, the actual distribution being 44.1, 33.4, and 22.5 percent for the first, second, and third stages, respectively. The first-, second-, and third-stage efficiencies were 0.894, 0.858, and 0.792, respectively. The first and second stages exhibited loss regions near the hub and tip at the rotor blade outlets. The hub loss region is attributed to stator secondary flows, and a contributing factor to the tip loss region may be the high design diffusion on the rotor blade suction surface near the tip. The loss in the third stage is appreciably greater than that in the first or second stage. The fact that the third rotor is unshrouded and has a nominal tip clearance of 0.120 inch may contribute to the higher loss in the tip region of the third stage.
A negligible effect on turbine efficiency and only a small decrease in turbine weight flow were observed when the J71 experimental turbine with 97-percent-design stator areas was modified to include shrouding of the third-stage rotor.
An experimental investigation of the J71 Type IIA turbine was conducted at the equivalent design speed and work output. The design stagework distribution was closely approached, although the design vector diagram was not attained. Efficiencies of 0.904, 0.851, and 0.806 were obtained for the first, second, and third stages, respectively. Losses occurred near the hub and tip for all three rotors. The third-stage losses, however, were significantly greater than those of either the first or second stage.
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