Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “electrified”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Energy, power, and infrastructure demands from electrifying airport ground support equipment at United States airports

As the airline industry seeks to reduce costs and transition to clean energy, electric ground support equipment is emerging as a favorable option. The integration of electric ground support equipment into airport operations requires careful planning for vehicle deployment, charging infrastructure, and grid impacts. We develop a flexible, bottom-up modeling framework to assess energy and infrastructure needs across more than 300 U.S. airports. Our analysis estimates site-specific power and energy demand, equipment counts by type, charger requirements, and costs. Here we quantify the magnitude of new electrical loads created by the electrification of airport ground support equipment, finding that peak power demand at the largest airports can reach up to 20 megawatts, with annual electricity consumption approaching 51,000 megawatt-hours. We further show that behind-the-meter battery energy storage systems and solar photovoltaic systems can reduce peak load and lower total system costs by as much as 10 million dollars.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Understanding hydrogen electrocatalysis by probing the hydrogen-bond network of water at the electrified Pt–solution interface

Rational construction of the electrode–solution interface where electrochemical processes occur is of paramount importance in electrochemistry. Efforts to gain better control and understanding of the interface have been hindered by lack of probing methods. Here, in this study, we show that the hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) catalysed by platinum in base can be promoted by introduction of N-methylimidazoles at the platinum–water interface. In situ spectroscopic characterization together with simulations indicate that the N-methylimidazoles facilitate diffusion of hydroxides across the interface by holding the second layer of water close to platinum surfaces, thereby promoting the HER/HOR. We thus propose that the HER/HOR kinetics of platinum in acid and base is governed by diffusion of protons and hydroxides, respectively, through the hydrogen-bond network of interfacial water by the Grotthuss mechanism. Moreover, we demonstrate a 40% performance improvement of an anion exchange membrane electrolyser by adding 1,2-dimethylimidazole into the alkali fed into its platinum cathode.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Advances and challenges for experiment and theory for multi-electron multi-proton transfer at electrified solid–liquid interfaces

Multi-electron, multi-proton transfer is important in a wide spectrum of processes spanning biological, chemical and physical systems. These reactions have attracted significant interest due to both fundamental curiosity and potential applications in energy technology. In this Perspective Review, we shed light on modern aspects of electrode processes in the 21st century, in particular on the recent advances and challenges in multistep electron/proton transfers at solid–liquid interfaces. Ongoing developments of analytical techniques and operando spectrometry at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and reliable computational approaches to simulate complicated interfacial electrochemical reactions enable us to obtain microscopic insights about these complex processes, such as the role of quantum effects in electrochemical reactions. Our motivation in this Perspective Review is to provide a comprehensive survey and discussion of state-of-the-art developments in experiments, materials, and theories for modern electrode process science, as well as to present an outlook for the future directions in this field.

Sakaushi, Ken↗
DOE OSTI2021

Quantifying and modeling of stress-driven short-circuits in lithium-ion batteries in electrified vehicles

Despite the huge expansion of electric vehicle sales in the market, customers are discouraged by the possible catastrophic consequences brought by the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries, such as internal short circuits, especially in crash scenarios. Herein, we reveal the quantitative relationship between the deformations of the battery and the internal short circuit. By in situ and ex situ observations and post mortem characterization of the component materials, we quantify the stress-driven internal short circuit and failure behavior of the component material. With the aid of a validated numerical computational model as well as the in situ characterization of the global-field temperature, we successfully identify the minor and major short circuits of the cells upon various mechanical abusive loadings. Finally, we establish the internal short circuit criteria for typical formats of batteries. Furthermore, this discovery also provides a fundamental understanding of both internal and external stress-driven short circuits in a much broader context.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Plasma technology for lignocellulosic biomass conversion toward an electrified biorefinery

Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to renewable, carbon-neutral materials, fuels, and chemicals is the cornerstone of the transition to a sustainable future bioeconomy. Green energy in the form of electricity needs to be coupled with or substitute conventional thermally driven processes to realize small-scale, economically viable and environmentally friendly biorefineries. Gas discharge plasmas enable the conversion of renewable electric energy, supplied in the form of an electric field, to chemical energy through the formation of a highly reactive environment that can induce several transformations related to agricultural waste valorization processes. Herein, we review the application of plasma technology to lignocellulosic biomass upgrade, aiming to provide the scientific background and technical challenges in this rapidly emerging research field. To bridge the gap between plasma science and biomass valorization technologies, we initially present the technical aspects of plasma reactors related to biomass processing and further discuss the advances in plasma processing for each biomass conversion technology, providing insights into the related plasma chemistry and interaction mechanisms. Here, we first focus on the low and medium-temperature biomass conversion processes, including biomass pretreatment and delignification to promote enzyme or acid-catalyzed hydrolysis to sugars and biomass liquefaction using plasma electrolysis. Then we discuss the high and very high-temperature conversion processes, such as plasma-assisted pyrolysis and gasification to syngas and plasma application to tar removal, combustion, and vitrification. Overall, this review provides knowledge at the interface of plasma science and biomass conversion technology to promote the interaction between the individual communities, which is crucial for the further advancement of the field.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Scalable electrified cementitious materials production and recycling

The production of Portland cement, the industry-standard cement, contributes ~8% of global CO 2 emissions through fossil-fuel heating and decomposition of limestone (the primary cement raw material). Decarbonization, e.g., via direct electrification, of this 200-year-old liming routine is extremely challenging at the industry scale. We propose a scalable electrochemical decarbonization approach to circumvent the limestone use by switching to carbon-free calcium silicates from abundant minerals and recycled concrete. Water electrolysis produces protons and hydroxides to drive a pH gradient that accelerates Ca 2+ ion leaching from calcium silicates and captures atmospheric CO 2 to form carbon-negative CaCO 3 , which serves as the feedstock for cement manufacturing or as the carbon-mineralized product for cement substitution with permanent carbon storage. Value-added co-products amorphous silica and green H 2 further enhance cement performance and supplant fossil fuels for net-zero transition, respectively. The products readily meet present-day regulatory standards and demands, and the approach readily synergizes with business-as-usual cement manufacturing and concrete construction, which are important for upscaling and structural safety, promising ready reception by the public and industries. Blended Portland cement produced through our approach with carbon-negative CaCO 3 and silica demonstrates enhanced resilience and achieves carbon neutrality or negativity when incorporating storage or circulation of CO 2 from cement plant flue gas, respectively. This low-cost, electrochemical cement production approach using abundant ubiquitous raw materials enables electrification, transition to clean fuel, and decarbonization at a gigaton scale.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

The shape of electrified transportation

Transportation is currently the least-diversified energy demand sector, with over 90% of global transportation energy use coming from petroleum products [1]. For more than a century, petroleum fuels have been relied upon to move people and goods within and between towns and cities, and on roads, railways, farms, waterways, and in the air. These energy-dense fuels have unquestionably provided reliable and convenient mobility options to power the modern global economy. However, these benefits have also created challenges associated with geopolitics, energy security, price volatility, and environmental impacts.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electrifying Education: Insights into Charging Electric School Buses in the United States

To combat climate change, the United States joined 193 Parties in committing to the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to 2 degrees C or less, and decarbonizing transportation will be a key requirement for achieving this goal. School buses (SBs) are a common form of student transport in the U.S. with nearly all SBs today powered by fossil fuels (primarily diesel). As a result, SBs have historically been a concerning source of both greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and local air pollutants with negative health impacts for students and others living nearby. Electric SBs (ESBs) are a promising emerging technology for decarbonizing student transport, however, ESB adoption in the U.S. remains at an early stage (approximate 1.1%) with many outstanding uncertainties. This study aims to elucidate several of these by taking inventory of the total SB stock within U.S. states and studying real-world SB operating profiles to infer potential battery range requirements, daily charging opportunities, and charging infrastructure requirements for ESBs. In addition, we observe the geographic trends of early-stage ESB adoption, which can be used to better understand early adopter patterns and train vehicle technology adoption models.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗