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At least 73 records · Page 4

A comparison of energetic ions in the plasma depletion layer and the quasi-parallel magnetosheath

Energetic ion spectra measured by the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers/Charge Composition Explorer (AMPTE/CCE) downstream from the Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock (in the quasi-parallel magnetosheath) and in the plasma depletion layer are compared. In the latter region, energetic ions are from a single source, leakage of magnetospheric ions across the magnetopause and into the plasma depletion layer. In the former region, both the magnetospheric source and shock acceleration of the thermal solar wind population at the quasi-parallel shock can contribute to the energetic ion spectra. The relative strengths of these two energetic ion sources are determined through the comparison of spectra from the two regions. It is found that magnetospheric leakage can provide an upper limit of 35% of the total energetic H(+) population in the quasi-parallel magnetosheath near the magnetopause in the energy range from approximately 10 to approximately 80 keV/e and substantially less than this limit for the energetic He(2+) population. The rest of the energetic H(+) population and nearly all of the energetic He(2+) population are accelerated out of the thermal solar wind population through shock acceleration processes. By comparing the energetic and thermal He(2+) and H(+) populations in the quasi-parallel magnetosheath, it is found that the quasi-parallel bow shock is 2 to 3 times more efficient at accelerating He(2+) than H(+). This result is consistent with previous estimates from shock acceleration theory and simulati ons.

Fuselier, Stephen A.↗

Low-frequency magnetic fluctuation spectra in the magnetosheath and plasma depletion layer

Recent observations have delineated several different kinds of enhanced magnetic fluctuation spectra below the proton cyclotron frequency in the terrestrial magnetosheath. A model is presented that represents the variation of plasma parameters across the plasma depletion layer and into the magnetosheath proper. Using this model, we find that many of the properties of the observed spectra follow directly from the predictions of linear Vlasov instability theory. The observed progression of spectral features is a natural progression from mirror mode to merged (in frequency range) proton and He(2+) cyclotron modes to bifurcated (in frequency range) cyclotron modes as plasma convects earthward in the magnetosheath. The necessary change in dispersion surface topology from separated proton and He(2+) cyclotron surfaces at low beta to merged surfaces at high beta is described.

Denton, Richard E.↗

Proton and helium cyclotron anisotropy instability thresholds in the magnetosheath

Both the protons and the helium ions of the terrestrial magnetosheath typically display T (sub perpendicular) greater than T (sub parallel), where perpendicular to and parallel to denote directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field. Observations of the highly compressed magnetosheath show an inverse correlation between these ion temperature anisotropies and the parallel proton beta. Computer simulations have demonstrated that these correlations are due to wave-particle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron anisotropy instabilities. These correlations correspond to linear theory thresholds of the proton cyclotron and the helium cyclotron instabilities. This paper uses linear Vlasov theory and the assumption of a constant maximum growth rate to obtain closed-form expressions for these thresholds as a function of the relative helium density and the parallel proton beta in a parameter model of the magnetosheath.

Gary, S. Peter↗

Whistler mode waves in the Jovian magnetosheath

During the Ulysses flyby of Jupiter in February 1992, the spacecraft traversed the Jovian magnetosheath for a few hours during the inbound pass and for aa few days during the outbound pass. Burstlike electomagnetic waves at frequencies of approximately 0.1-0.4 of the local electron cyclotron frequency have been observed by the Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiement. The waves were more often observed in the regions which were probably the outer or the middle magnetosheath, especially near the bow shock, and rarely seen in the magnetosphere/magnetosheath boundary layer. The propagation angles of the waves are estimated by comparing the measurements of the wave electric and magnetic fields in the spacecraft spin plane with the corresponding values calculated using the cold plasma dispersion relation under local field and plasma conditions. It is found that the waves propagate obliquely with wave angles between approximately 30 deg and 50 deg. These waves are likely to be the whistler mode waves which are excited by suprathermal electrons with a few hundred eV and a slight anisotropy (T(sub perp)/T(sub parallel) approximately 1.1-1.5). They are probably similar in nature to the lion roars observed in the Earth's magnetosheath. Signature of coupling between the mirror and the whistler mode have also been observed. The plasma conditions which favor the excitation of the whistler mode instability during the wave events exists as observed by the plasma experiement of Ulysses.

Lin, Naiguo↗

The magnetosheath of Neptune: Models and observations

This paper gives a complete overview of the plasma and magnetic field in the magnetosheath of Neptune. A more sophisticated method is used to reanalyze the plasma data. This method provides better values of plasma density, velocity, and temperature in the magnetosheath both inbound and outbound from the planet than published previously. The data are compared to results obtained from a gasdynamic model of low around a planetary magnetosphere. Agreement of theory and data is good for some parameters and poor for others. We show that some discrepancies between the model predictions and observations may be due to changes in the solar wind parameters. The model results and data are used to check the hypothesis that Voyager encountered the high-latitude plasma mantle downstream from Neptune. The deviations of the data from the model results in this region are consistent with those expected for a mantle crossing, with the exception of the plasma temperature which decreases in one crossing and increases in the other. This may indicate that our knowledge of the nature of the mantle-magnetosheath boundary is not complete.

Richardson, John D.↗

Observation of Solar Wind Charge Exchange Emission From Exospheric Material in and Outside Earth's Magnetosheath 2008 September 25

A long XMM-Newton exposure is used to observe solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) emission from exospheric material in and outside Earth's magnetosheath. The light curve of the O vii (0.5-0.62 keV) band is compared with a model for the expected emission, and while the emission is faint and the light curve has considerable scatter, the correlation is significant to better than 99.9%. This result demonstrates the validity of the geocoronal SWCX emission model for predicting a contribution to astrophysical observations to a scale factor of order unity (1.5). In addition, an average value of the SWCX O vii emission from the magnetosheath over the observation of 2.6 +/- 0.5 LU is derived. The results also demonstrate the potential utility of using X-ray observations to study global phenomena of the magnetosheath which currently are only investigated using in situ measurements.

Snowden, S. L.↗

Dayside Magnetopause Transients Correlated with Changes of the Magnetosheath Magnetic Field Orientation

The paper analyses one long-term pass (26 August 2007) of the THEMIS spacecraft across the dayside low-latitude magnetopause. THEMIS B, serving partly as a magnetosheath monitor, observed several changes of the magnetic field that were accompanied by dynamic changes of the magnetopause location and/or the structure of magnetopause layers observed by THEMIS C, D, and E, whereas THEMIS A scanned the inner magnetosphere. We discuss the plasma and the magnetic field data with motivation to identify sources of observed quasiperiodic plasma transients. Such events at the magnetopause are usually attributed to pressure pulses coming from the solar wind, foreshock fluctuations, flux transfer events or surface waves. The presented transient events differ in nature (the magnetopause surface deformation, the low-latitude boundary layer thickening, the crossing of the reconnection site), but we found that all of them are associated with changes of the magnetosheath magnetic field orientation and with enhancements or depressions of the plasma density. Since these features are not observed in the data of upstream monitors, the study emphasizes the role of magnetosheath fluctuations in the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling.

Tkachenko, O.↗

Penetration of Magnetosheath Plasma into Dayside Magnetosphere: 1. Density, Velocity, and Rotation

In this study, we examine a large number of plasma structures (filaments), observed with the Cluster spacecraft during 2 years (2007-2008) in the dayside magnetosphere but consisting of magnetosheath plasma. To reduce the effects observed in the cusp regions and on magnetosphere flanks, we consider these events predominantly inside the narrow cone less than 30 about the subsolar point. Two important features of these filaments are (i) their stable antisunward (earthward) motion inside the magnetosphere, whereas the ambient magnetospheric plasma moves usually in the opposite direction (sunward), and (ii) between these filaments and the magnetopause, there is a region of magnetospheric plasma, which separates these filaments from the magnetosheath. The stable earthward motion of these magnetopause show the possible disconnection of these filaments from the magnetosheath, as suggested earlier by many researchers. The results also show that these events cannot be a result of back-and-forth motions of magnetopause position or surface waves propagating on the magnetopause. Another important feature of these filaments is their rotation about the filament axis, which might be a result of their passage through the velocity shear on magnetopause boundary. After crossing the velocity shear, the filaments get a rotational velocity, which has opposite directions in the noon-dusk and noon-dawn sectors. This rotation velocity may be an important factor, supporting the stability of these filaments and providing their motion into the magnetosphere.

Lyatsky, Wladislaw↗

Inverse Energy Dispersion of Energetic Ions Observed in the Magnetosheath

We present a case study of energetic ions observed by the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) on the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the magnetosheath just outside the subsolar magnetopause that occurred at 1000 UT on 8 December 2015. As the magnetopause receded inward, the EPD observed a burst of energetic (approximately 50-1000 keV) proton, helium, and oxygen ions that exhibited an inverse dispersion, with the lowest energy ions appearing first. The prolonged interval of fast antisunward flow observed in the magnetosheath and transient increases in the H components of global ground magnetograms demonstrate that the burst appeared at a time when the magnetosphere was rapidly compressed. We attribute the inverse energy dispersion to the leakage along reconnected magnetic field lines of betatron-accelerated energetic ions in the magnetosheath, and a burst of reconnection has an extent of about 1.5 R(sub E) using combined Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar and EPD observations.

Lee, S. H.↗

First Observation of Harmonics of Magnetosonic Waves in Martian Magnetosheath Region

Abstract The present study provides an evidence for the generation of harmonics of magnetosonic waves in the Martian magnetosheath region. The wave signatures are manifested in the magnetic field measurements recorded by the fluxgate magnetometer instrument onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution missioN (MAVEN) spacecraft in the dawn sector around 5–10 LT at an altitude of 4,000–6,000 kms. The wave that is observed continuously from 19.1 to 20.7 UT below the proton cyclotron frequency (f ci ≈ 46 mHz) is identified as fundamental mode of the magnetosonic wave. Whereas harmonics of the magnetosonic wave are observed during 19.7–20.3 UT at frequencies that are multiple off ci . The ambient solar wind proton density and plasma flow velocity are found to vary with a fundamental mode frequency of 46 mHz. It is noticed that the fundamental mode is mainly associated with the left‐hand (LH), and higher frequency harmonics are associated with the right‐hand (RH) circular polarizations. A clear difference in the polarization and ellipticity is noticed during the time of occurrence of harmonics. The magnetosonic wave harmonics are found to propagate in the quasi‐perpendicular directions to the ambient magnetic field. The results of linear theory and Particle‐In‐Cell simulation performed here are in agreement with the observations. The present study provides a conclusive evidence for the occurrence of harmonics of magnetosonic wave in the close vicinity of the magnetosheath region of the unmagnetized planet Mars.

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Electron observations in the solar wind and magnetosheath.

Electron temperature measurements taken by a triaxial electron analyzer on Ogo 5 in the solar wind and in the magnetosheath are interpreted. In the interplanetary medium, observations made on the bow shock connected lines of magnetic force have been separated from those made on non-bow-shock connected lines. The dependence of electron thermal properties on the local field geometry is discussed together with features of electron temperature and density discontinuities across the bow shock. The velocity distribution function is characterized together with temperature and density variations in a part of the dawn magnetosheath.

Scudder, J. D.↗

Field-determined oscillations in the magnetosheath as possible source of medium-period, daytime micropulsations

Studies of the magnetosheath show it to be characterized by the variable occurrence of large amplitude, sometimes quasiperiodic, field oscillations at diverse distances inward from the bow shock, including the region in proximity with the magnetopause. One established cause of such oscillations near the shock is local oblique orientation of the interplanetary field to the nominal shock surface, and there is evidence that the oscillations, or pulsations, composing the oblique structure appear also downstream in the sheath. It is suggested that medium-period micropulsations, exemplified by pc 3, might be excited in the magnetosphere when proper alignment of the interplanetary field allows shock pulsations to be convected to the magnetopause by plasma flow through the subsolar section of the magnetosheath.

Greenstadt, E. W.↗

Energy spectra and charge states of H, He, and heavy ions observed in the earth's magnetosheath and magnetotail

Observations of pulses of H, He, and heavy ions of energies greater than 0.12 MeV per charge in the magnetotail and in the magnetosheath are reported. It was found that the relative ion abundances were about 9:1:0.04, their differential energy spectra were about 1 divided by the fourth power of E, and their atomic electrons were almost completely stripped. These results suggest that they were low-energy 'quiet-time' cosmic rays accelerated within the magnetotail and the magnetosheath to the observed energies.

Fan, C. Y.↗

Terrestrial kilometric radiation: 2: Emission from the magnetospheric cusp and dayside magnetosheath

Measurements of the location of sources of terrestrial kilometric radiation obtained with the lunar orbiting Radio Astronomy Explorer-2 satellite have revealed a class of emission associated with the cusp and dayside magnetosheath. At frequencies near 250 kHz this emission is observed at radial distances between 2 and 20 R sub E at magnetic latitudes of 75 deg to 80 deg and is most often detected during periods of auroral activity (AE or approximately = 250) and southward orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field vertical component. During very disturbed times, the emission at the lowest frequencies ( or approximately = 200 kHz) appears to come from the dayside magnetosheath at distances or approximately = 12 R sub E. Whenever the geomagnetic dipole is tilted significantly with respect to the ecliptic pole ( or approximately = 10 deg) the cusp emission is confined to the hemisphere containing the sub solar point. The measurements also suggest that the region of cusp emission is rather narrowly confined in longitude to within + or - a few hours of the noon meridian.

Alexander, J. K.↗

Persistent pressure anisotropy in the subsonic magnetosheath region

Observations of proton fluxes in the subsonic flow region of the magnetosheath show double peaks as a function of angle in the equatorial plane of the spacecraft. The peaks are separated by a wide angle, usually more than 90 deg. Suggestions of double flux peaks are present in 95 per cent of the data. They are interpreted as the effect of a persistent pressure anisotropy. The clearest cases were analyzed to determine the orientation of the flux peaks relative to the magnetic field and direction of a model hydrodynamic flow. The peaks are shown to be consistent with a greater pressure perpendicular to the field. Possible sources of the pressure anisotropy in the magnetosheath are discussed.

Crooker, N. U.↗

Survey for non-Maxwellian plasma in Jupiter's magnetosheath

Ames Research Center plasma-analyzer high resolution ion spectra, obtained during the traversals of Jupiter's magnetosheath by Pioneer 10 and 11, are examined for non-Maxwellian characteristics. Many examples are found of proton velocity distributions that are Maxwellian down to an observational limit set by the relative helium flux. However, clear deviations from a Maxwellian velocity distribution sometimes are observed. Most often, these non-Maxwellian proton velocity distributions seem to be enhanced on the low-energy side of the peak, in comparison with a Maxwellian distribution. Even less often, however, the high-energy side of the peak seems to be enhanced. A different type of non-Maxwellian spectrum is also seen occasionally near the times of bow-shock crossings, and it exhibits features of both solar-wind and high-temperature magnetosheath proton spectra combined.

Mihalov, J. D.↗

Terrestrial kilometric radiation. II - Emission from the magnetospheric cusp and dayside magnetosheath

Measurements of the location of sources of terrestrial kilometric radiation obtained with the lunar-orbiting Radio Astronomy Explorer 2 satellite have revealed a class of emission associated with the cusp and dayside magnetosheath. At frequencies near 250 kHz, this emission is observed at radial distances between 2 and 20 earth radii at magnetic latitudes of 75 to 80 deg and is most often detected during periods of auroral activity and southward orientation of the interplanetary magnetic-field vertical component. During very disturbed times, the emission at the lowest frequencies (below about 200 kHz) appears to come from the dayside magnetosheath at distances of at least 12 earth radii. Whenever the geomagnetic dipole is tilted significantly with respect to the ecliptic pole, the cusp emission is confined to the hemisphere containing the subsolar point. The measurements also suggest that the region of cusp emission is rather narrowly confined in longitude to within a few hours of the noon meridian.

Alexander, J. K.↗