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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1979

Sunspots and the physics of magnetic flux tubes. V - Mutual hydrodynamic forces between neighboring tubes

The mutual hydrodynamic forces between parallel cylinders in a moving fluid are illustrated through several formal examples. Parallel tubes in a uniform flow are attracted or repelled depending on whether they are side by side or one ahead of the other, respectively. A pulsating or undulating tube attracts all other neighboring tubes toward itself. These hydrodynamic effects suggest that the separate flux tubes beneath the sunspots exert significant attractive forces on each other.

Parker, E. N.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Extensions to the classical calculation of the effect of mutual shadowing in diffuse reflection

The classical method for accounting for the mutual shadowing among closely packed particles in multiple scattering calculations is extended in the following ways. (1) By modeling the particle distribution by a Poisson process with a varying density parameter, a 'Van der Waals' type approximation allows extension to a greater fractional volume density, D. In this case it is only required that D squared be much less than 1 instead of D being much less than 1. (2) In the case that the particle distribution is not uniform the classical calculation may be weighted by the pair correlation function of the distribution. (3) The use of the Markov chain formalism for radiative transfer allows inclusion of the effect of shadowing for two orders of scattering. For conditions such as might apply in Saturn's rings, the inclusion of this effect makes less than a 0.1% difference in the calculated phase curves, compared to previous calculations which have included shadowing only in the first scattering. The latter are thus shown to be quite accurate.

Esposito, L. W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Reconstruction of the mutual coherence function for a moving source

The acoustic radiation of a randomly fluctuating source in motion is characterized analytically to determine the mutual coherence function (MCF). A far-field relation is derived via a series of invertible transformations, and a higher-dimension Radon transformation is performed to reconstruct the MCF; explicit formulas for computing the MCF from the transformed radiation data are provided. The technique is applied to the cases of an axisymmetric line source of finite extent moving at constant velocity along a line and a spatially incoherent line source. Applications to X-ray tomography and analysis of the noise emitted by a moving jet aircraft are suggested.

Chow, P. L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Mutual coupling effects in antenna arrays, volume 1

Mutual coupling between rectangular apertures in a finite antenna array, in an infinite ground plane, is analyzed using the vector potential approach. The method of moments is used to solve the equations that result from setting the tangential magnetic fields across each aperture equal. The approximation uses a set of vector potential model functions to solve for equivalent magnetic currents. A computer program was written to carry out this analysis and the resulting currents were used to determine the co- and cross-polarized far zone radiation patterns. Numerical results for various arrays using several modes in the approximation are presented. Results for one and two aperture arrays are compared against published data to check on the agreement of this model with previous work. Computer derived results are also compared against experimental results to test the accuracy of the model. These tests of the accuracy of the program showed that it yields valid data.

Collin, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Pluto-Charon mutual event predictions for 1986

Circumstances are tabulated for 81-Pluto-Charon mutual events occurring during the 1986 opposition. The deepest and longest events will occur in February and reach a depth of about 0.15 mag. Observations of these events will lead to an accurate determination of the satellite's orbit, the diameters of the two bodies, the mean density of the system, and crude albedo maps of one hemisphere on each object.

Tholen, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Spectrophotometry of Pluto-Charon mutual events - Individual spectra of Pluto and Charon

Time-resolved spectra of the March 3 and April 4, 1987 mutual events of Pluto and Charon, obtained with spectral coverage from 5500 to 10,000 A with 25-A spectral resolution, are discussed. Charon has a featureless reflectance spectrum, with no evidence of methane absorption. Charon's reflectance appears neutral in color and corresponds to a geometric albedo of about 0.37 at 6000 A. The Pluto reflectance spectrum displays methane absorption bands at 7300, 7900, 8400, 8600, and 8900 A and is red in color, with a geometric albedo of about 0.56 at 6000 A.

Sawyer, S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Circumstances for Pluto-Charon mutual events in 1988

Physical parameters are tabulated for 89 Pluto-Charon mutual events occurring during the 1988 opposition. A primary star and a check star have been selected as comparison stars for events occurring prior to the 1988 opposition. Standardization of the comparison star 1987 Primary has provided a B magnitude of 12.3093 + or - 0.0013 and a V magnitude of 11.4215 + or - 0.0013. The designations, positions, and preliminary magnitudes and colors are also given for two transformation stars selected in order to aid in determination of the color terms necessary to convert the instrumental magnitudes of observers to the standard system.

Tholen, David J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

No effect of diffraction on Pluto-Charon mutual events

Mulholland and Gustafson (1987) made the interesting suggestion that observations of Pluto-Charon mutual events might show significant dependence on both wavelength and telescope aperture because of diffraction effects. In this letter, observations are presented that show the predicted effects to be absent and demonstrate that the parameters of the system are such that the events can be accurately analyzed with geometrical optics.

Tholen, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Circumstances for Pluto-Charon mutual events in 1989

Circumstances for 90 Pluto-Charon mutual events occurring during the 1989 opposition are presented. It is found that the deepest and longest events will occur near postopposition quadrature in early August. Two new stars are selected as comparison stars for events occurring before opposition in 1989, and it is noted that the 1988 comparison stars should be used for events occurring after opposition.

Tholen, David J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The year 1990 marks end of Pluto-Charon mutual event season

From late 1984 until late 1990, the orbit of Pluto's satellite Charon was sufficiently close to an edge-on configuration, as seen from Earth, to produce transit, occultation, and eclipse events involving the two objects. The systematic observation of these events, each of which offers a unique geometry of Pluto, Charon and shadow, has been used to directly measure several parameters of the system. With data now available from the entire mutual event season, reliable values for the radii of Pluto and Charon can be derived. Pluto's radius is 0.05860 plus or minus 0.00031, in units of Chiron's mean orbital radius, and Charon's radius is 0.03019 plus or minus 0.00066, in the same units.

Tholen, David J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Finite difference time domain calculations of antenna mutual coupling

The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique has been applied to a wide variety of electromagnetic analysis problems, including shielding and scattering. However, the method has not been extensively applied to antennas. In this short paper calculations of self and mutual admittances between wire antennas are made using FDTD and compared with results obtained using the Method of Moments. The agreement is quite good, indicating the possibilities for FDTD application to antenna impedance and coupling.

Luebbers, Raymond J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Finite difference time domain calculations of antenna mutual coupling

The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique was applied to a wide variety of electromagnetic analysis problems, including shielding and scattering. However, the method has not been exclusively applied to antennas. Here, calculations of self and mutual admittances between wire antennas are made using FDTD and compared with results obtained during the method of moments. The agreement is quite good, indicating the possibilities for FDTD application to antenna impedance and coupling.

Luebbers, Raymond J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The blind leading the blind: Mutual refinement of approximate theories

The mutual refinement theory, a method for refining world models in a reactive system, is described. The method detects failures, explains their causes, and repairs the approximate models which cause the failures. The approach focuses on using one approximate model to refine another.

Kedar, Smadar T.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Mutual coupling between parallel columns of periodic slots in a ground plane surrounded by dielectric slabs

Arrays of slots with arbitrary orientation in a conducting plane which are infinitely periodic in one dimension and finitely periodic in another dimension are considered. The perfect conducting plane extends infinitely and is bounded on each side by dielectric slabs of finite thickness and infinite extent. Single columns of slots are represented by equivalent magnetic scattering currents, which are solved for via the moment method. The mutual coupling (admittance) between slot columns in the presence of the stratified media is found by the array scanning method (ASM), which expresses the admittance as the average of the scan admittance of an artificially constructed doubly infinite array of slots over all real scan angles. The technique avoids the use of Sommerfeld integrals, but still gives rise to singularities at scan angles corresponding to the resonant excitation of surface waves. An analytical approximation is made to remove these surface wave singularities, thus making numerical implementation of the method practical. The method is quite general and may be extended to thin slot elements of arbitrary shape and orientation.

Skinner, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Mutual shadowing and directional reflectance of a rough surface - A geometric-optical model

A Monte Carlo simulation of mutual shadowing effects is presented. Results of these simulations and the corresponding modeling efforts are also presented. Simulation results show that the assumption that all illumination shadows will preferentially occupy the lower surface of crowns is not realistic enough and may cause a considerable discrepancy between modeled results and simulation. Therefore, the model was modified by making the probability that a point on the surface of the crown is illuminated to be a function of height from the base of the crown, while still accounting for the fact that at the hotspot the probability that all illuminated points are viewed is one. With this change, modeled results show better agreement with the simulations.

Li, Xiaowen↗
NASA NTRS1927

On the mutual reaction of wings and body

At the suggestion of Professor Von Karman, I have made a few theoretical investigations of the mutual reaction of the wings and body of an airplane. There was assumed as the basis of my calculations, a strongly idealized body shape, namely, a cylinder extended to infinity at both ends and having its axis parallel to the direction of motion of the airplane. The results are to be regarded as rough approximations for a long airplane body and also for an airship with fins. In my calculations, I have considered only a monoplane in which the axis of the wing is rectilinear.

AERODYNAMICS↗