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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2001

Imagining physically impossible self-rotations: geometry is more important than gravity

Previous studies found that it is easier for observers to spatially update displays during imagined self-rotation versus array rotation. The present study examined whether either the physics of gravity or the geometric relationship between the viewer and array guided this self-rotation advantage. Experiments 1-3 preserved a real or imagined orthogonal relationship between the viewer and the array, requiring a rotation in the observer's transverse plane. Despite imagined self-rotations that defied gravity, a viewer advantage remained. Without this orthogonal relationship (Experiment 4), the viewer advantage was lost. We suggest that efficient transformation of the egocentric reference frame relies on the representation of body-environment relations that allow rotation around the observer's principal axis. This efficiency persists across different and conflicting physical and imagined postures.

NASA Discipline Space Human Factors↗
NASA NTRS1984

Controlled ecological life support system higher plant flight experiments

Requirements for spaceflight experments which involve higher plants were determined. The plants are studied for use in controlled ecological life support systems (CELSS). Two categories of research requirements are discussed: (1) the physical needs which include nutrient, water and gas exchange requirements; (2) the biological and physiological functions which affect plants in zero gravity environments. Physical problems studies are given the priority since they affect all biological experiments.

Tibbitts, T. W.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Soil mechanics results of Luna 16 and Lunokhod 1: A preliminary report

The physical and mechanical properties of the lunar soil, as determined by Luna 16 and Lunokhod 1 experiments, are discussed. Data are included for interactions between vehicle wheels and the lunar soil, compressibility, resistance to penetration, and friction characteristics of the soil. The shear strength of the returned lunar soil for various bulk densities is also examined. Several potential spacecraft materials were tested in contact with lunar soil to determine their friction and wear characteristics.

Johnson, S. W.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 10: Space technology

The findings and recommendations of the Space Technology group of the space shuttle payload planning activity are presented. The elements of the space technology program are: (1) long duration exposure facility, (2) advanced technology laboratory, (3) physics and chemistry laboratory, (4) contamination experiments, and (5) laser information/data transmission technology. The space technology mission model is presented in tabular form. The proposed experiments to be conducted by each test facility are described. Recommended approaches for user community interfacing are included.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1985

The shuttle glow: A program to study the ram-induced phenomena

In January 1984, a proposal was submitted to NASA Headquarters entitled The Shuttle Glow: A Program to Determine the Physics of the Ram induced Phenomena. This proposal included the following elements in a shuttlebased experiment: (1) The use of a special flat generating surface 1 x 3 m on which the glow can be produced and observed. This surface will be maneuvered to vary the orientation of ram flow and of projected component of geomagnetic field. (2) Remotely mounted optical instruments to view the glowing layer on the plate. By scanning, the variation of radiance as a function of wavelength and standoff distance from the plate will be observed looking parallel to the plate. (3) The preferred location of the generating plate and in situ diagnostics is on the end of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm.

Anderson, H. R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The Martian surface as imaged, sampled, and analyzed by the Viking landers

Data collected by two Viking landers are analyzed. Attention is given to the characteristics of the surface inferred from Lander imaging and meteorology data, physical and magnetic properties experiments, and both inorganic and organic analyses of Martian samples. Viking Lander 1 touched down on Chryse Planitia on July 20, 1976 and continued to operate for 2252 sols, until November 20, 1982. Lander 2 touched down about 6500 km away from Lander 1, on Utopia Planitia on September 3, 1976. The chemical compositions of sediments at the two landing sites are similar, suggesting an aeolian origin. The compositions suggest an iron-rich rock an are matched by various clays and salts.

Arvidson, Raymond E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Siting solar thermal power experiments

The Small Community Solar Thermal Power Experiment will test a point-focusing, distributed receiver system in a small community, electric utility application. Site planning is becoming increasingly important for solar experiments as well as all kinds of development due to increased competition for desirable sites and increased complexity of regulatory requirements. Siting issues can be categorized as: (1) resources and physical environmental at this site; (2) acquisition, permits and regulations; and (3) development requirements and costs. These issues are addressed with respect to the unique requirements of solar thermal power experiments.

Holbeck, H. J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Elementary metallography

Materials and Processes 1 (MET 141) is offered to freshmen by the Mechanical Engineering Department at Purdue University. The goal of MET 141 is to broaden the technical background of students who have not had any college science courses. Hence, applied physics, chemistry, and mathematics are included and quantitative problem solving is involved. In the elementary metallography experiment of this course, the objectives are: (1) introduce the vocabulary and establish outlook; (2) make qualitative observations and quantitative measurements; (3) demonstrate the proper use of equipment; and (4) review basic mathematics and science.

Kazem, Sayyed M.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Physics of Regolith Impacts in Microgravity Experiment (PRIME)

Collisions between planetary ring particles and in some protoplanetary disk environments occur at low impact velocities (v less than 1 m/s) . In some regions of Saturn s rings, for example, the typical collision velocity inferred from observations by the Voyager spacecraft and dynamical modeling is a fraction of a centimeter per second. Although no direct observations of an individual ring particle exist, the abundance of dust in planetary rings and protoplanetary disks suggests that larger ring and disk particles are coated with a layer of smaller particles and dust - the "regolith". Because the ring particles and proto-planetesimals are small (cm to m-sized), the regolith is only weakly bound to the surface by gravity. Similarly, secondary impacts on asteroids by large blocks of ejecta from high velocity cratering events result in low velocity impacts into the asteroid regolith, which is also weakly bound by the asteroid s gravity. At the current epoch and throughout their history, low velocity collisions have played an important role in sculpting planetary systems. In a one-Earth-gravity environment, it is not possible to experimentally determine the behavior of impact eject from such low velocity collisions. Impacts typically occur at speeds exceeding the mutual escape velocity of the two bodies. Thus, impacts at speeds on the order of 10 m/sec or less involve objects that are tens of meters across, or smaller. This research program is an experimental study of such low velocity collisions in a microgravity environment. The experimental work builds on the Collisions Into Dust Experiment (COLLIDE), which has flown twice on the space shuttle. The PRIME experimental apparatus is a new apparatus designed specifically for the environment provided on the NASA KC- 135 reduced gravity aircraft.

Motil, Brian↗
NASA NTRS1994

Dynamics Explorer 1: Energetic Ion Composition Spectrometer (EICS)

The Energetic Ion Composition Spectrometer (EICS) experiment was selected as part of the Dynamics Explorer (DE) Program. One of the primary goals of the DE program was to investigate in detail the plasma physics processes responsible for energizing thermal (approximately 1 eV) ionospheric ions and transporting them to the earth's plasma sheet and distant polar cap. The results of the EICS data analysis (including support of other investigators) and of the archiving efforts supported by this contract are summarized in this document. Also reported are some aspects of our operational support activities.

Shelley, E. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Europe gets aboard the Shuttle

A series of experiments directed by NASA for the European Space Agency's Spacelab are planned for early 1983. Spacelab 1 is scheduled to carry equipment for upper atmosphere research and for experiments in plasma and solar physics, medicine, and thermodynamics. Spacelab 2 will provide equipment for research in astronomy, high-energy physics, astrophysics, and solar physics. Spacelab 3 will be equipped to study materials processing in space, biological tests, and cloud physics. Spacelab is modular and reusable, with the planned life equal to 50 missions. The Space Shuttle will carry a Spacelab with scientific equipment of up to 8800 kg into orbits ranging in altitude from 160 to 1100 km and transmitting data at up to 50 Mb/s. The cost of launching a Shuttle/Spacelab mission is estimated at $28 million.

Moye, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS2016

Cryo-Temp Data Logger

Biological experiments on the ISS are frequently frozen at ultra-low temperatures on orbit prior to return to Earth for analysis. Recording temperatures during the freezing process, and subsequent handling to the point of post-flight processing, can provide important information of sample integrity to the scientist. The MadgeTech Cryo-Temp Data Logger has been modified for space flight applications by the Payload Development Team at Kennedy Space Center. This ultra-low temperature data logger is rated for temperatures from -86 C to +35 C with 0.1 C resolution and +/-1 C accuracy, but has been successfully tested at Kennedy Space Centers Cryogenic Lab down to -100 C. The logger provides date and time stamped temperature recordings and can be set with logging intervals from 5 seconds up to 30 minutes using the MadgeTech Data Logger Software. Data can be recorded, depending on logging interval, for greater than 90 days. The Cryo-Temp Data logger will first be flown on Space X-12 in the BRIC-Petri Dish Fixation Unit (PDFU) canister hardware, recording temperature data for a Space Life and Physical Sciences (SLPS) flight experiment. The modified Cryo-Temp Data Logger is small in size (Figure 1) and is the ideal temperature monitoring solution for any application involving independent temperature data logging.

Logger↗
NASA NTRS1970

Pyrotechnic hazards classification and evaluation program. Phase 2, segment 1: Records and experience analysis

A comprehensive search review and analysis was made of various technical documents relating to both pyrotechnics and high explosives testing, handling, storage, manufacturing, physical and chemical characteristics and accidents and incidents. Of approximately 5000 technical abstracts reviewed, 300 applicable documents were analyzed in detail. These 300 documents were then converted to a subject matrix so that they may be readily referenced for application to the current programs. It was generally concluded that information in several important categories was lacking. Two of the more important categories were in pyrotechnics sensitivity testing and TNT equivalency testing. A general recommendation resulting from this study was that this activity continue and a comprehensive data bank be generated that would allow immediate access to a large volume of pertinent information in a relatively short period of time.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1974

Investigation of models for large-scale meteorological prediction experiments

The feasibility of extended and long range weather prediction by physical and dynamical methods was investigated in the following research projects: (1) spectral energy balance; (2) annual cycles of surface heat balance and temperature over North America; and (3) atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies.

Spar, J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Tunable Heterodyne Receiver from 100 Micron to 1,000 Micron for Airborne Observations

Interest in high resolution spectrometers for the submillimeter wavelength range from 100 micron to 1,000 micron is mostly stimulated by molecular spectroscopy in radioastronomy and atmospheric physics, and by plasma diagnostic experiments. Schottky diodes in waveguide mixer technology and InSb-hot electron bolometers are successfully used in the 0.5 to a few millimeter range whereas tandem Fabry-Perot spectrometers combined with photoconductive detectors (Ge:Sb and Ge:Ga) are used for the 100 micron range. Recent research on heterodyne spectrometers, with Schottky diodes in an open structure mixer and a molecular laser as local oscillators, which can be used over the whole wavelength range is summarized.

Roeser, H. P.↗
NASA NTRS2004

STS-107 Mission after the Mission: Recovery of Data from the Debris of Columbia

STS-107 was a 16-day, dedicated research mission that included over 80 experiments, spanning many disciplines including biology, physics, chemistry, and earth sciences, including many student experiments. The mission was considered a resounding success until February 1, 2003, when tragedy struck the Columbia and her crew as she re-entered the atmosphere over Texas. During the mission, approximately one third of the overall data was obtained but much more was stored in the flight hardware systems. This paper documents a new set of STS-107 experiment objectives, a "mission after the mission," in which several experiment teams attempted, and, in many cases succeeded, to recover data from their flight hardware, now debris. A description of the data recovery efforts is included for these five experiment facilities: Combustion Module-2, Critical Viscosity of Xenon-2, Commercial Instrumentation Technology Associates Biomedical Experiments-2, Biological Research in Canisters-14, and Commercial Protein Crystal Growth.

Over, A. P.↗
NASA NTRS2022

NASA Physics of Failure (PoF) for Reliability

An item’s reliability or longevity is dependent not only on its design but also on how it is used, manufactured, tested, and the stresses it has or will experience. Stresses include operational and environmental exposures to thermal, voltage, current, age/exposure, mechanical, and radiation mechanisms. Therefore, in reliability analysis, it is important to consider the contributions of all of these factors when predicting the failure rates of components. Historically, there has been a reliance on handbook data (e.g., MIL-HDBK-217), but experience has shown that these values and distributions are not representative of actual performance (1,2). Therefore, to make more credible reliability and risk assessments for its missions, NASA must transition to estimating likelihoods of failure based on an item’s reliability/longevity factors (or the physical susceptibilities and strengths impacting the design’s performance) has or will experience, whenever possible. To facilitate this transition a “Handbook on Methodology for Physics of Failure Based Reliability Assessments” has been developed by NASA to assist in applying physics experiences or experiment physics for empirical analysis and conceptualized physics exposures or theoretical physics for deterministic analysis, to develop and aggregate realistic likelihoods of failure leading to more credible forecasts of item performance and longevity. In addition, since it is NASA’s intention that this document continues to evolve based on community lessons learned and the introduction of new assessment methodologies, NASA is encouraging and appreciates the contributions of current and future authors to maintain and enhance this handbook and its supporting case studies.

Physics of Failure↗