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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Cross-correlation of Dark Energy Survey Year 3 lensing data with ACT and P l a n c k thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect observations. II. Modeling and constraints on halo pressure profiles

Hot, ionized gas leaves an imprint on the cosmic microwave background via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect. The cross-correlation of gravitational lensing (which traces the projected mass) with the tSZ effect (which traces the projected gas pressure) is a powerful probe of the thermal state of ionized baryons throughout the Universe and is sensitive to effects such as baryonic feedback. In a companion paper (Gatti et al. Phys. Rev. D 105, 123525 (2022)), we present tomographic measurements and validation tests of the cross-correlation between Galaxy shear measurements from the first three years of observations of the Dark Energy Survey and tSZ measurements from a combination of Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Planck observations. In this work, we use the same measurements to constrain models for the pressure profiles of halos across a wide range of halo mass and redshift. We find evidence for reduced pressure in low-mass halos, consistent with predictions for the effects of feedback from active Galactic nuclei. We infer the hydrostatic mass bias (B ≡ M 500c /M SZ from our measurements, finding B = 1.8 ± 0.1 when adopting the Planck-preferred cosmological parameters. We additionally find that our measurements are consistent with a nonzero redshift evolution of B, with the correct sign and sufficient magnitude to explain the mass bias necessary to reconcile cluster count measurements with the Planck-preferred cosmology. Our analysis introduces a model for the impact of intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxy shapes on the shear-tSZ correlation. We show that IA can have a significant impact on these correlations at current noise levels.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Metabolomic Profiling of Wild-type and Mutant Soybean Root Nodules Using Laser-ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Reveals Altered Metabolism

The establishment of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between soybean and Bradyrhizobium japonicum is complex. In order to document the changes in plant metabolism due to the symbiosis, we utilized laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) for in situ metabolic profiling of wild-type nodules, nodules infected with a B. japonicum nifH mutant unable to fix nitrogen, nodules doubly infected by both strains, and nodules formed on plants mutated in the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (sacpd-c) gene, which were previously shown to have altered nodule ultrastructure. Results showed that the relative abundance of fatty acids, purines, and lipids was significantly changed in response to the symbiosis. The nifH mutant nodules had elevated levels of jasmonic acid (JA), correlating with signs of nitrogen deprivation. Nodules resulting from the mixed inoculant displayed similar, overlapping metabolic distributions within the sectors of effective (fix+) and ineffective (nifH mutant, fix-) endosymbionts. These data are inconsistent with the notion that plant sanctioning is cell autonomous. Nodules lacking sacpd-c displayed an elevation of soyasaponins and organic acids in the central necrotic regions. This study demonstrates the utility of LAESI-MS for high-throughput screening of plant phenotypes. Overall, nodules disrupted in the symbiosis were elevated in metabolites related to plant defense.

Agtuca, Beverly J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Polarimetric Radar Analysis of Ice Microphysical Processes in Melting Layers of Winter Storms Using S-Band Quasi-Vertical Profiles

Quasi-vertical profiles (QVPs) obtained from a database of U.S. WSR-88D data are used to document polarimetric characteristics of the melting layer (ML) in cold-season storms with high vertical resolution and accuracy. A polarimetric technique to define the top and bottom of the ML is first introduced. Using the QVPs, statistical relationships are developed to gain insight into the evolution of microphysical processes above, within, and below the ML, leading to a statistical polarimetric model of the ML that reveals characteristics that reflectivity data alone are not able to provide, particularly in regions of weak reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization Z H . QVP ML statistics are examined for two regimes in the ML data: Z H ≥ 20 dB Z and Z H < 20 dB Z . Regions of Z H ≥ 20 dB Z indicate locations of MLs collocated with enhanced differential reflectivity Z DR and reduced copolar correlation coefficient ρ hv , while for Z H < 20 dB Z a well-defined ML is difficult to discern using Z H alone. Evidence of large Z DR up to 4 dB, backscatter differential phase δ up to 8°, and low ρ hv down to 0.80 associated with lower Z H (from -10 to 20 dB Z ) in the ML is observed when pristine, nonaggregated ice falls through it. Positive correlation is documented between maximum specific differential phase K DP and maximum Z H in the ML; these are the first QVP observations of K DP in MLs documented at S band. Negative correlation occurs between minimum ρ hv in the ML and ML depth and between minimum ρ hv in the ML and the corresponding enhancement of Z H (Δ Z H = Z H max - Z H rain ).

Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Evaluation of accuracy and resolution of the electron beam profile scanner at the Fermilab Main Injector

The objective of this work is to assess the accuracy of measurements made by the Electron Beam Profile Scanner (EBPS), which captures the trajectory of an electron beam with and without a proton beam present. The proton beam induces deflection in the electron beam, which is influenced by proton charges.For high-resolution images, the probe beam needs to be of high intensity, small diameter, and small divergence, evaluated using a YAG screen and an optical transition radiation (OTR) screen. Additionally, the point spread function (PSF) will be calculated to characterize the optical system's properties using ZEMAX software. The capabilities of the Hamamatsu Charge-Injection Device (CID) camera and Kimball Physics electron gun (e-gun) will be considered for accuracy.

Mwaniki, Matilda [IIT, Chicago; Fermilab]↗
NASA NTRS1979

Early detection of disease: The correlation of the volatile organic profiles from patients with upper respiratory infections with subjects of normal profiles

A method is described whereby a transevaporator is used for sampling 60-100 microns of aqueous sample. Volatiles are stripped from the sample either by a stream of helium and collection on a porous polymer, Tenax, or by 0.8 ml of 2-chloropropane and collected on glass beads. The volatiles are thermally desorbed into a precolumn which is connected to a capillary gas chromatographic column for analysis. The technique is shown to be reproducible and suitable for determining chromatographic profiles for a wide variety of sample types. Using a transevaporator sampling technique, the volatile profiles from 70 microns of serum were obtained by capillary column gas chromatography. The complex chromatograms were interpreted by a combination of manual and computer techniques and a two peak ratio method devised for the classification of normal and virus infected sera. Using the K-Nearest Neighbor approach, 85.7 percent of the unknown samples were classified correctly. Some preliminary results indicate the possible use of the method for the assessment of virus susceptibility.

Zlatkis, A.↗
NASA NTRS2005

In Situ Aerosol Profile Measurements and Comparisons with SAGE 3 Aerosol Extinction and Surface Area Profiles at 68 deg North

Under funding from this proposal three in situ profile measurements of stratospheric sulfate aerosol and ozone were completed from balloon-borne platforms. The measured quantities are aerosol size resolved number concentration and ozone. The one derived product is aerosol size distribution, from which aerosol moments, such as surface area, volume, and extinction can be calculated for comparison with SAGE III measurements and SAGE III derived products, such as surface area. The analysis of these profiles and comparison with SAGE III extinction measurements and SAGE III derived surface areas are provided in Yongxiao (2005), which comprised the research thesis component of Mr. Jian Yongxiao's M.S. degree in Atmospheric Science at the University of Wyoming. In addition analysis continues on using principal component analysis (PCA) to derive aerosol surface area from the 9 wavelength extinction measurements available from SAGE III. Ths paper will present PCA components to calculate surface area from SAGE III measurements and compare these derived surface areas with those available directly from in situ size distribution measurements, as well as surface areas which would be derived from PCA and Thomason's algorithm applied to the four wavelength SAGE II extinction measurements.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2025

Advancing Aerosol Chemical Characterization and Vertical Profiling over the Southern Great Plains Using Uncrewed Aerial Sampling and Offline Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Recent advancements in uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) and particulate matter (PM) analytical techniques have provided opportunities for atmospheric research. In this study, we deployed the Department of Energy’s fixed-wing ArcticShark UAS to examine PM 2.5 composition at varying altitudes─within and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL)─over the Southern Great Plains atmospheric observatory (SGP). A total of 22 flights were conducted across March, June, and August 2023. Composite filter samples were collected during each flight and analyzed with offline aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), complemented by on-board real-time sensors and ground-based instrumentation, to provide a comprehensive view of regional aerosol characteristics. Results show clear vertical and seasonal differences in the aerosol composition. Relative to ground-level measurements, aloft samples exhibited shifts in the distribution of organic and inorganic PM, with the organic composition varying distinctly across seasons. Particulate organic nitrogen (ON) was elevated, with bulk compositions similar in March and June but strongly altered in August, likely driven by biomass burning and enhanced photochemical activity. Combined AMS and chemical ionization mass spectrometry analyses detected amines, amides, and amino acids. PM above the planetary boundary layer was enriched in oxidized organic aerosols, while ground-level PM contained higher nitrate and sulfate. Seasonal differences in aqueous-phase processing were also observed, which were strongest in March during persistent cloud cover and weaker in the drier August period, suggesting a shift from aqueous- to gas-phase SOA formation. In conclusion, these findings highlight the value of UAS in advancing PM measurements and vertical profiling of aerosol composition.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

One-Shot Synthesis and Melt Self-Assembly of Bottlebrush Copolymers with a Gradient Compositional Profile

Morphological control plays a central role in soft materials design. Herein, we report the synthesis of a gradient bottlebrush architecture and its role in directing molecular packing in the solid state. Bottlebrush copolymers with gradient interfaces were prepared via one-shot ring-opening metathesis polymerization of exo- and endo- norbornene-capped macromonomers. Kinetic studies revealed a gradient compositional profile separating the two blocks along the backbone. Side-chain symmetric gradient bottlebrush copolymers exhibited a strong tendency to assemble into cylindrical microstructures, in contrast to their block copolymer analogs with sharp interfaces. Furthermore such exquisite architectural control of the interfacial composition affords a delicate handle to direct macromolecular assembly.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

HDEV Depot Load Profile Generation Code (Code to Generate Heavy-Duty Electric Truck Depot Load Profiles) [SWR-21-72]

Code developed to generate heavy-duty electric truck depot load profiles for the study, "Heavy-Duty Truck Electrification and the Impacts of Depot Charging on Electricity Distribution Systems", by Borlaug et al., published in 2021. This software is provided as-is without dedicated support. The programming environment for this study may be reproduced with conda (installed via the Anaconda website): conda env create -f environment.yml To activate the environment: conda activate hdev-depot-charging-2021

Borlaug, Brennan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Improved control of electron computer-generated holographic grating groove profiles using ion beam gas-assisted etching

In a transmission electron microscope, electrons are described by matter-waves with wavelengths five orders of magnitude smaller than optical electromagnetic waves. Analogous to optical holography, electron wavefronts can be shaped using nanoscale holographic gratings. Here we demonstrate a novel, scalable nanofabrication method for creating off-axis holographic gratings that demonstrate near ideal diffraction efficiencies for binary, sinusoidal, and blazed grating groove profiles. We show that this method can produce up to 50 µm diameter area gratings that diffract up to 68% of the transmitted electron wave into a desired diffraction order with less than 7% into any other order. Additionally, we find that the amount of inelastically scattered electrons from the material gratings remaining in the coherent diffraction orders from the gratings is negligible in the far field.

Johnson, Cameron W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

STS-1 operational flight profile. Volume 4: Onorbit profile-cycle 3.1.1

The orbital flight test (OFT) phase of the shuttle program consists of four orbital flights beginning in November 1980and continuing through 1981. The major purpose of the OFT program is to demonstrate and verify shuttle systems and flight capabilities by satisfying the OFT requirements, is presented. The onorbit portion of the operational flight profile (OFP) for the first Space Transportation System-1 (STS-1) flight is presented. This onorbit document (volume 4) is one in a series that, taken together, will define the STS-1 OFP. This OFP onorbit document represents a combination of the STS-1 ground rules and constraints and the initialization data. The STS-1 flight activities described reflect the trajectory, consumable, crew activity, and flight requirement baseline as of May 1, 1980. Flight plans for the ascent, onorbit, and descent phases of the test flight are presented.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2011

Improvement of OMI Ozone Profile Retrievals in the Troposphere and Lower Troposphere by the Use of the Tropopause-Based Ozone Profile Climatology

An advance algorithm based on the optimal estimation technique has beeen developed to derive ozone profile from GOME UV radiances and have adapted it to OMI UV radiances. OMI vertical resolution : 7-11 km in the troposphere and 10-14 km in the stratosphere. Satellite ultraviolet measurements (GOME, OMI) contain little vertical information for the small scale of ozone, especially in the upper troposphere (UT) and lower stratosphere (LS) where the sharp O3 gradient across the tropopause and large ozone variability are observed. Therefore, retrievals depend greatly on the a-priori knowledge in the UTLS

Bak, Juseon↗