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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
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NASA NTRS1973

Finite-aperture waveguide-laser resonators.

A general theory of finite-aperture waveguide-laser resonators is developed which represents the external reflectors by matrices that couple linearly polarized waveguide modes having the same azimuthal symmetry. The theory allows the determination of resonator efficiency, resonator frequencies, and laser near- and far-field patterns. Computations of the coupling loss for the fundamental waveguide mode as a function of mirror curvature, separation, and aperture are in good agreement with recent infinite-aperture calculations in the limit of large apertures and indicate three low-loss configurations: (1) large radius of curvature mirrors close to the guide; (2) large radius of curvature mirrors centered at the guide entrance; and (3) generally smaller curvature mirrors separated by half their curvature from the guide entrance.

Degnan, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Alternative approaches to the modelling of the multiple pure tones

Several theories have sprung up which attempt to explain the phenomenon of the multiple pure tones. These explanations could be classified as gasdynamic and acoustic theories. The acoustic theories themselves fall into two categories: one taking into account the higher order modes and another restricted to plane waves only. Of the higher order mode theories, some are based on a finite degree of resonance and the alternative due to the author and his colleague is based on an infinite degree of resonance. It turns out that only the gasdynamic theory and the infinite degree of resonance theory explain the phenomenon as it is generally encountered. It has been shown that these two theories are essentially isomorphic. However, convention has limited both the theories in their scope. The resonance theory can explain, with advantage, effects of absorbents and suggest new techniques of suppression. The gasdynamic theory is probably better suited for source-modification studies. Together, they represent a deeper understanding of the underlying phenomena.

Vaidya, P. G.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Resonant heating - An interpretation of coronal loop data

It is shown that the resonant heating theory of Hollweg can be used to organize the coronal loop data of Golub et al. (1980). When combined with a reasonable form for the input power spectrum, the resonant heating theory is fully compatible with the loop data.

Hollweg, J. V.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Analytic Theory of Titans Schumann Resonance: Constraints on Ionospheric Conductivity and Buried Water Ocean

This study presents an approximate model for the atypical Schumann resonance in Titan's atmosphere that accounts for the observations of electromagnetic waves and the measurements of atmospheric conductivity performed with the Huygens Atmospheric Structure and Permittivity, Wave and Altimetry (HASI-PWA) instrumentation during the descent of the Huygens Probe through Titan's atmosphere in January 2005. After many years of thorough analyses of the collected data, several arguments enable us to claim that the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) wave observed at around 36 Hz displays all the characteristics of the second harmonic of a Schumann resonance. On Earth, this phenomenon is well known to be triggered by lightning activity. Given the lack of evidence of any thunderstorm activity on Titan, we proposed in early works a model based on an alternative powering mechanism involving the electric current sheets induced in Titan's ionosphere by the Saturn's magnetospheric plasma flow. The present study is a further step in improving the initial model and corroborating our preliminary assessments. We first develop an analytic theory of the guided modes that appear to be the most suitable for sustaining Schumann resonances in Titan's atmosphere. We then introduce the characteristics of the Huygens electric field measurements in the equations, in order to constrain the physical parameters of the resonating cavity. The latter is assumed to be made of different structures distributed between an upper boundary, presumably made of a succession of thin ionized layers of stratospheric aerosols spread up to 150 km and a lower quasi-perfect conductive surface hidden beneath the non-conductive ground. The inner reflecting boundary is proposed to be a buried water-ammonia ocean lying at a likely depth of 55-80 km below a dielectric icy crust. Such estimate is found to comply with models suggesting that the internal heat could be transferred upwards by thermal conduction of the crust, while convective processes cannot be ruled out.

TITAN↗
NASA NTRS1985

Theory and calculation of resonances and autoionization of two-electron atoms and ions

Techniques for calculating the electron scattering from one-electron hydrogen-like targets on the basis of the Feshback formalism, are discussed. The principal similarities between resonance parameters in the Feshbach formalism and the corresponding Breit-Wigner quantities, are described in detail. Special attention is devoted to a description of the Fano line shape parameter q, and a technique for formulating it in terms of a projector operator is proposed. The theoretical methods are illustrated by numerical calculations for 1S, 3P, and 1D states of H(-) below the first excited threshold of the target atom. Calculations of 1,3S 1,3P, 1,3D states for He are also presented.

Temkin, A.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Theory of electrically controlled resonant tunneling spin devices

We report device concepts that exploit spin-orbit coupling for creating spin polarized current sources using nonmagnetic semiconductor resonant tunneling heterostructures, without external magnetic fields. The resonant interband tunneling psin filter exploits large valence band spin-orbit interaction to provide strong spin selectivity.

spin filters↗
NASA NTRS1976

A nonlinear theory of cosmic-ray pitch-angle diffusion in homogeneous magnetostatic turbulence

A plasma strong turbulence, weak coupling, theory is applied to the problem of cosmic-ray pitch-angle scattering in magnetostatic turbulence. The theory used is a rigorous generalization of Weinstock's 'resonance broadening' theory and contains no ad hoc approximations. A detailed calculation is presented for a model of 'slab' turbulence with an exponential correlation function. The results agree well with numerical simulations. The rigidity dependence of the pitch-angle scattering coefficient differs from that found by previous researchers. The differences result from an inadequate treatment of particle trajectories near 90 deg pitch angle in earlier work.

Goldstein, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Resonant electron diffusion as a saturation process of the synchrotron maser instability

The theory of resonant electron diffusion as an effective saturation process of the auroral kilometric radiation has been formulated. The auroral kilometric radiation is assumed to be amplified by the synchrotron maser instability that is driven by an electron distribution of the loss-cone type. The calculated intensity of the saturated radiation is found to have a significantly lower value in comparison with that caused by the quasi-linear diffusion process as an alternative saturation process. This indicates that resonant electron diffusion dominates over quasi-linear diffusion in saturating the synchrotron maser instability.

Lee, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Theory of a generalized Helmholtz resonator.

Based on the jet-flow model which is manifested in the nonlinearity of the orifice flow upon the passage of a high intensity wave, the theory of a generalized Helmholtz resonator has been developed. The results for some special devices, such as the conventional Helmholtz resonator and the quarter-wave tube, can be obtained through this general approach. The performance of the acoustic damper is characterized by a quantity known as the real part of the admittance coefficient. It is known that the conventional Helmholtz resonator has the lowest peak performance but the response is quite flat over a certain frequency range. On the other hand, a quarter-wave tube offers the largest peak in energy absorption with rather poor off-resonance behavior. Once the orifice length goes beyond the quarter-wave tube configuration, the performance of the so-called long damping device is even less attractive away from resonance.

Tang, P. K.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Rotational branch analysis of the excitation of the fundamental vibrational modes of CO2 by slow electron collisions

At 2 eV, the simultaneous rotational-vibrational cross sections for the fundamental modes are found to be well described by the Born formula with just long-range interactions. However, this result is not obtained for pure vibrational excitation (Q branch) in the Raman-active Fermi diads. At 3.8 eV, the infrared-active v2 and v3 cross sections agree with a previous theory incorporating resonant and direct scattering coherently. Measurements on the Raman-active v1 mode indicate that theories need to account for the Fermi resonance.

Antoni, TH.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A nonlinear theory of cosmic ray pitch angle diffusion in homogeneous magnetostatic turbulence

A plasma strong turbulence, weak coupling, theory is applied to the problem of cosmic ray pitch angle scattering in magnetostatic turbulence. The theory used is a rigorous generalization of Weinstock's resonance-broadening theory and contains no ad hoc approximations. A detailed calculation is presented for a model of slab turbulence with an exponential correlation function. The results agree well with numerical simulations. The rigidity dependence of the pitch angle scattering coefficient differs from that found by previous researchers. The differences result from an inadequate treatment of particle trajectories near 90 deg pitch angle in earlier work.

Goldstein, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Modeling of SiC Lateral Resonant Devices Over a Broad Temperature Range

Finite-element analysis (FEA) modal results of 3C-SiC lateral resonant devices anchored to a Si substrate are presented as resonant frequency versus temperature. The suspended elements are etched from a 2 micron, 3C-SiC film grown at 1600 K on a 500 micron-thick, Si substrate. The analysis includes, temperature-dependent properties, shape change due to volume expansion with temperature, and thermal stress caused by differential thermal expansion of different materials. Two designs are considered: type I has anchor locations close to the geometric centroid and a small shuttle; type 11 has a large shuttle with anchors far from the centroid, The resonant frequency decreases approximately 3.5% over a 1000 K temperature increase for the type-I device, and behaves according to theory. The resonant frequency of the type-11 device decreases by 2% over the first 400 K, then rises slightly over the remaining 600 K. This device deviates from theory because of the high thermal stress induced in the beams. The thermal stress is caused by the differential thermal expansion of the suspended element relative to the substrate. The results show that the device geometry must be properly chosen if the resonant frequency of that device will be used to calculate the temperature coefficient of Young's modulus. These results apply only to resonators of one material on a substrate of a different material.

DeAnna, Russell G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Pre-resonance Raman spectra of some simple gases

The pre-resonance Raman spectra of SO2, N2O, and H2S were investigated using the 4880 A, 4727 A, and 4579 A lines of the argon ion laser. Although these molecules have electronic absorption bands in the near ultraviolet, none exhibit any pre-resonance enhancement within our experimental error of + or - 10%. Possible explanations taking into account the current theories for resonance Raman are discussed.

Low, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A theory for predicting boundary impedance and resonance frequencies of slotted-wall wind tunnels, including plenum effects

Wave-induced resonance associated with the geometry of wind-tunnel test sections can occur. A theory that uses acoustic impedance concepts to predict resonance modes in a two dimensional, slotted wall wind tunnel with a plenum chamber is described. The equation derived is consistent with known results for limiting conditions. The computed resonance modes compare well with appropriate experimental data. When the theory is applied to perforated wall test sections, it predicts the experimentally observed closely spaced modes that occur when the wavelength is not long compared with he plenum depth.

Barger, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS2003

A Solar System Survey of Forced Librations in Longitude

Forced librations are periodic rotational rate variations due to gravitational interactions with an orbital partner. We have developed an analytic theory capable of calculating expected amplitudes of forced librations for nonresonant rotators as well as for bodies existing in a spin-orbit resonance. The theory has been applied to 34 solar system bodies, including terrestrial planets, planetary satellites, and the asteroid Eros. Parameters governing libration amplitude are the body s orbital eccentricity, moment difference, and the ratio of its spin rate to its orbital rate. In each case the largest libration amplitude is associated with the forcing frequency 2 (p - 1) n, where n is the orbital mean motion and p is the spin/orbit rate ratio. This dominant frequency is simply semidiurnal as seen from the position of the torquing body. The maximum libration angular amplitude is 1.3 x 10(exp -2) radians for Thebe, and the maximum mean equatorial displacement is 1.4 km for Mimas.

Cornstock, Robert L.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Lorentz resonances and the vertical structure of dusty rings - Analytical and numerical results

The Schaffer and Burns (1987) linear theory of Lorentz resonances (LRs) in planetary rings is extended in order to accurately compute LR locations and to elucidate the nature of grain trajectories within the LR zones. Using the perturbation theory and energy arguments, it is shown that an increase in the inclination or eccentricity of a grain must be accompanied by a shift in the mean orbital radius of the particle. This shift alters the epicyclic frequencies in such a way that the infinite response of the linear resonance theory is suppressed. Chaotic motion is found for the range of charge-to-mass ratios that cause the vertical and horizontal LRs to overlap.

Schaffer, Les↗