Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “sensing technology”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Tensioned metastable fluid detector sensing technology for multifarious-multiscale applications in the nuclear fuel cycle

The nuclear fuel cycle presents formidable 10 30+ multiscale challenges for high-efficiency spectroscopic sensing of alpha-neutron-fission radiation signatures amidst extreme gamma-beta radiation backgrounds at various stages of the cycle; it involves diverse arenas ranging from continuous/pulsed power production, security/safeguards, spent fuel, environmental remediation, and personnel health-dosimetry. This paper discusses the novel tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD) sensor technology. It discusses the results of studies demonstrating extreme (10 4 Sv/h) gamma-beta field blind high intrinsic efficiencies (80–100%) for neutron-alpha-fission radiation spectrometric detection. Example studies discussed in this paper include Neutron detection with spectroscopy; H*10 neutron radiation dosimetry upwards from ultra-low10 −2 µSv/h levels; Air and/or liquid-borne trace (10 –3 Bq/mL) quantity, 1 keV energy resolved alpha/fission spectroscopy for Rn/Po/U/Pu/Am environmental isotope assays at 106:1 (β:α) ratios; Directional-position enabled extended standoff tracking of neutron emitting (shielded/unshielded) special nuclear materials while stationary or moving at highway speeds; and, U.S. Department of Energy nuclear complex wide nuclear waste reprocessing, criticality safety, health physics, and environmental applications.

Alpha-fission-neutron spectrometry↗
DOE OSTI2025

Bottom-up fabrication of scalable room-temperature diamond quantum computing and sensing technologies

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is a premier solid-state defect for quantum information processing and metrology. An integrated diamond quantum device harnesses the collective properties of multiple NV centres, enabling room-temperature quantum computing and sensing. While large-scale devices are poised to fill an important gap in the burgeoning quantum technology landscape, their practical realisation has not been achieved using current top-down fabrication techniques such as ion implantation. Consequently, this necessitates the development of a bottom-up fabrication technique, which is scalable, deterministic, and possesses atomic-scale precision. Informed by existing methods for fabricating phosphorous defect qubits in silicon, we envision a hydrogen depassivation lithography technique for atomically-precise manufacturing of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. This perspective article outlines a viable multi-step procedure for realising scalable fabrication of diamond quantum devices and identifies the key challenges in its development.

CVD↗
NASA NTRS1973

Remote sensing technology - The 24-channel multispectral scanner.

The multispectral scanner system installed in the NASA C-130 aircraft for use in the Earth Observations Aircraft Program constitutes a 24-channel imaging spectrometer that senses electromagnetic energy in the spectral interval from .34 to 13 microns. Energy reflected or emitted from the terrain and system calibration sources is collected by a scan mirror, reflected into collecting optics, and brought to a focus in a plane containing a 0.09 inch square aperture. A dichroic optical element splits the energy which passes through the aperture into two wavelength bands (wavelengths above and below 2 microns). These wavelength bands are then dispersed spectrally into 24 distinct spectral bands by two grating spectrometers. The spectral intervals are transformed into electrical signals by separate detector-preamplifier combinations, and the signals are used as inputs to a video processor in an airborne electronics console. System operation and performance are described.

Hayre, H. S.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Assessment of Remote Sensing Technologies for Location of Hydrogen and Helium Leaks

In Phase 1 of this project, a hierarchy of techniques for H2 and He leak location was developed. A total of twelve specific remote sensing techniques were evaluated; the results are summarized. A basic diffusion model was also developed to predict the concentration and distribution of H2 or He resulting from a leak. The objectives of Phase 2 of the project consisted of the following four tasks: Advance Rayleigh Doppler technique from TRL 1 to TRL 2; Plan to advance Rayleigh Doppler technique from TRL 2 to TRL 3; Advance researchers and resources for further advancement; Extend diffusion model.

Sellar, R. Glenn↗
DOE OSTI2021

COVID-19 Biomarkers and Advanced Sensing Technologies for Point-of-Care (POC) Diagnosis

COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 is a novel, respiratory virus currently plaguing humanity. Genetically, at its core, it is a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus. It is a beta-type Coronavirus and is distinct in its structure and binding mechanism compared to other types of coronaviruses. Testing for the virus remains a challenge due to the small market available for at-home detection. Currently, there are three main types of tests for biomarker detection: viral, antigen and antibody. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard for viral testing. However, the lack of quantitative detection and turnaround time for results are drawbacks. This manuscript focuses on recent advances in COVID-19 detection that have lower limits of detection and faster response times than RT-PCR testing. The advancements in sensing platforms have amplified the detection levels and provided real-time results for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection with limits as low as 1 fg/mL in the Graphene Field Effect Transistor (FET) sensor. Additionally, using multiple biomarkers, detection levels can achieve a specificity and sensitivity level comparable to that of PCR testing. Proper biomarker selection coupled with nano sensing detection platforms are key in the widespread use of Point of Care (POC) diagnosis in COVID-19 detection.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2008

Predicting and Mitigating Outbreaks of Vector-Borne Disease Utilizing Satellite Remote Sensing Technology and Models

Satellite earth observations present a unique vantage point of the earth's environment from space which offers a wealth of health applications for the imaginative investigator. The session will present research results of the remote sensing environmental observations of earth and health applications. This session will an overview of many of the NASA public health applications using Remote Sensing Data and will also discuss opportunities to become a research collaborator with NASA.

Estes, Sue↗
NASA NTRS1977

Technical assistance and the transfer of remote sensing technology

The transfer of technology from industrialized countries to the third world is a very complicated process and one that requires a great deal of research and development. The political and social obstacles to this transfer are generally greater than the technical obstacles, but technical assistance programs have neither the competence nor the inclination to deal with these factors adequately. Funding for technical assistance in remote sensing is now expanding rapidly, and there is a growing need for institutions to study and promote the effective use of this technology for economic development. The United Nations, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank, the United States Agency for International Development and the Canadian technical assistance agencies take different approaches to the problem and deal with the political pressures in different ways.

Chipman, R.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Aeroelastic Control of a Segmented Trailing Edge Using Fiber Optic Strain Sensing Technology

Currently, design of aircraft structures incorporate a safety factor which is essentially an over design to mitigate the risk of structure failure during operation. Typically this safety factor is to design the structure to withstand loads much greater than what is expected to be experienced during flight. NASA Dryden Flight Research Centers has developed a Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (FOSS) system which can measure strain values in real-time. The Aeroelastics Lab at the AERO Institute is developing a segmented trailing edged wing with multiple control surfaces that can utilize the data from the FOSS system, in conjunction with an adaptive controller to redistribute the lift across a wing. This redistribution can decrease the amount of strain experienced by the wing as well as be used to dampen vibration and reduce flutter.

aeronautics↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Review of Sensing Technologies for New, Low Global Warming Potential (GWP), Flammable Refrigerants

Commercial refrigeration systems currently utilize refrigerants with global warming potential (GWP) values ranging from 1250 to 4000. The advent of low GWP alternatives (GWP <150) is expected to significantly curtail direct emissions from this segment and greatly influence the ongoing electrification and decarbonization efforts. Most of the low GWP alternatives exhibit flammability risk and hence require robust sensing solutions for a reliable and safe operation of the equipment. This review article aims to provide an overview of different sensing mechanisms suitable for potential applications in systems employing flammable refrigerants, particularly those designated as A2L class. A summary of different A2L refrigerants and their properties is provided followed by a broad review of different classes of sensors, their working principle, transduction method, features, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, key performance characteristics of accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity, dynamic characteristic, and durability among other properties are discussed. Finally, areas of improvement and corresponding approaches are suggested for potential sensors in the successful adoption of A2L class refrigerants.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Fiber Optic Sensing Technologies for Battery Management Systems and Energy Storage Applications

Applications of fiber optic sensors to battery monitoring have been increasing due to the growing need of enhanced battery management systems with accurate state estimations. The goal of this review is to discuss the advancements enabling the practical implementation of battery internal parameter measurements including local temperature, strain, pressure, and refractive index for general operation, as well as the external measurements such as temperature gradients and vent gas sensing for thermal runaway imminent detection. A reasonable matching is discussed between fiber optic sensors of different range capabilities with battery systems of three levels of scales, namely electric vehicle and heavy-duty electric truck battery packs, and grid-scale battery systems. The advantages of fiber optic sensors over electrical sensors are discussed, while electrochemical stability issues of fiber-implanted batteries are critically assessed. This review also includes the estimated sensing system costs for typical fiber optic sensors and identifies the high interrogation cost as one of the limitations in their practical deployment into batteries. Finally, future perspectives are considered in the implementation of fiber optics into high-value battery applications such as grid-scale energy storage fault detection and prediction systems.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Industry 4.0 and Intelligent Manufacturing Processes: A Review of Modern Sensing Technologies

Digital Manufacturing technologies have quickly become ubiquitous in the manufacturing industry. The transformation commonly referred to as the fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, has ushered in a wide range of communication technologies, connection mechanisms, and data analysis capabilities. These technologies provide powerful tools to create a more lean, profitable, and data-driven manufacturing processes. In this paper, we review modern communication technologies and connection architectures for Digital Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 applications. An introduction to Cyber-Physical Systems and a review of digital manufacturing trends is followed by an overview of data acquisition methods for manufacturing processes. Numerous communication protocols are presented and discussed for connecting disparate machines and processes. Flexible data architectures are discussed and examples of machine monitoring implementations are provided. Finally, select implementations of these communication protocols and architectures are surveyed with recommendations for future architecture implementations.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sensing Technology Survey for Obstacle Detection in Vegetation

This study reviews obstacle detection technologies in vegetation for autonomous vehicles or robots. Autonomous vehicles used in agriculture and as lawn mowers face many environmental obstacles that are difficult to recognize for the vehicle sensor. This review provides information on choosing appropriate sensors to detect obstacles through vegetation, based on experiments carried out in different agricultural fields. The experimental setup from the literature consists of sensors placed in front of obstacles, including a thermal camera; red, green, blue (RGB) camera; 360° camera; light detection and ranging (LiDAR); and radar. These sensors were used either in combination or single-handedly on agricultural vehicles to detect objects hidden inside the agricultural field. The thermal camera successfully detected hidden objects, such as barrels, human mannequins, and humans, as did LiDAR in one experiment. The RGB camera and stereo camera were less efficient at detecting hidden objects compared with protruding objects. Radar detects hidden objects easily but lacks resolution. Hyperspectral sensing systems can identify and classify objects, but they consume a lot of storage. To obtain clearer and more robust data of hidden objects in vegetation and extreme weather conditions, further experiments should be performed for various climatic conditions combining active and passive sensors.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Applications of Fuzzy Logic for Tritium Sensing Technology

Fuzzy Logic is a mathematical method that can represent human-like decisions by analyzing vagueness. The project is a practical approach for evaluating sensors using a fuzzy group best-worst method. Results What is the best sensor? The fuzzy logic methods give an answer to that through a selection system. The relationship between the inputs and the outputs gives consumers an understanding of how the best sensor was found through a scoring of each quality/criteria and their corresponding sub-criteria through expert opinion.

Holman, Allyson↗
NASA NTRS1972

Earth resources sensing technology - 24-channel multispectral sensor system development.

Description of the technology applied to a 24-channel multispectral scanner developed as a tool to investigate the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between 0.34 and 13.0 microns. Energy reflected or emitted from the terrain and system calibration sources is collected by the scan mirror, reflected into the collecting optics, and brought to focus in a plane containing a square aperture. A dichroic optical element splits the energy which passes through the aperture into two wavelength bands in which wavelengths are greater than and less than 2.0 microns, respectively. These two wavelength bands are dispersed spectrally by two grating spectrometers. The energy from 24 distinct spectral intervals is transformed into electrical signals by 24 detector/preamplifier combinations. These signals then become the inputs to a video processor in an airborne electronics console.

Kessel, J. E.↗