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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 721 records · Page 40
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

BAAD: a Biomass And Allometry Database for woody plants

Quantifying the amount of mass or energy invested in plant tissues is of fundamental interest across a range of disciplines, including ecology, forestry, ecosystem science, and climate change science (Niklas, 1994; Chave et al. 2005; Falster et al. 2011). The allocation of net primary production into different plant components is an important process affecting the lifetime of carbon in ecosystems, and resource use and productivity by plants (Cannell & Dewar, 1994; Litton et al. 2007; Poorter et al. 2012). While many studies in have destructively harvested woody plants in the name of science, most of these data have only been made available in the form of summary tables or figures included in publications. Until now, the raw data has resided piecemeal on the hard drives of individual scientists spread around the world. Several studies have gathered together the fitted (allometric) equations for separate datasets (Ter-Mikaelian & Korzukhin, 1997; Jenkins et al. 2003; Zianis et al. 2005; Henry et al. 2013), but none have previously attempted to organize and share the raw individual plant data underpinning these equations on a large scale. Gathered together, such data would represent an important resource for the community, meeting a widely recognised need for rich, open data resources to solve ecological problems (Costello et al. 2013; Fady et al. 2014; Harfoot & Roberts, 2014; Costello et al. 2013). We (D.S. Falster and R.A. Duursma, with the help of D.R. Barneche, R.G. FitzJohn and A. Vårhammar) set out to create such a resource, by asking authors directly whether they would be willing to make their raw data files freely available. The response was overwhelming: nearly everyone we contacted was interested to contribute their raw data. Moreover, we were invited to incorporate another compilation led by M. Ishihara and focussing on Japanese literature. As a result, we present BAAD: a Biomass And Allometry Database for woody plants, comprising data collected in 174 different published and unpublished studies.

Falster, Daniel↗
DOE OSTI2012

Efficient Databases for MPC Microdata (Final Report)

The purpose of this grant was to develop the theory and practice of high-performance databases for massive streamed datasets. Over the last three years, we have developed fast indexing technology, that is, technology for rapidly ingesting data and storing that data so that it can be efficiently queried and analyzed. During this project we developed the technology so that high-bandwidth data streams can be indexed and queried efficiently. Our technology has been proven to work data sets composed of tens of billions of rows when the data streams arrives at over 40,000 rows per second. We achieved these numbers even on a single disk driven by two cores. Our work comprised (1) new write-optimized data structures with better asymptotic complexity than traditional structures, (2) implementation, and (3) benchmarking. We furthermore developed a prototype of TokuFS, a middleware layer that can handle microdata I/O packaged up in an MPI-IO abstraction.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2012

Compilation and Management of ORP Glass Formulation Database

The present report describes the first steps in the development of a glass property-composition database for WTP LAW and HLW glasses that includes all of the data that were used in the development of the WTP baseline models and all of the data collected subsequently as part of WTP enhancement studies performed for ORP. The data were reviewed to identify some of the more significant gaps in the composition space that will need to be filled to support waste processing at Hanford. The WTP baseline models have been evaluated against the new data in terms of range of validity and prediction performance.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2013

CWS4DB: A Customizable Web Service for Efficient Access to Distributed Nuclear Physics Relational Databases

Tech-X proposes to develop a system providing an efficient access for the High-Energy and Nuclear Physics data stored in distributed heterogeneous relational databases. The system will consist of a generic Web Service, customized client APIs, and tools that facilitate generation of custom client APIs. The access to the data will be mediated by mechanisms that provide data caching and adaptive scheduling of the query plans.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Data mining the EXFOR database

The EXFOR database contains the largest collection of experimental nuclear reaction data available as well as this data's bibliographic information and experimental details. We created an undirected graph from the EXFOR datasets with graph nodes representing single observables and graph links representing the connections of various types between these observables. This graph is an abstract representation of the connections in EXFOR, similar to graphs of social networks, authorship networks, etc. Analysing this abstract graph, we are able to address very specific questions such as 1) what observables are being used as reference measurements by the experimental community? 2) are these observables given the attention needed by various standards organisations? 3) are there classes of observables that are not connected to these reference measurements? In addressing these questions, we propose several (mostly cross section) observables that should be evaluated and made into reaction reference standards.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Thermodynamic database development: Al-Am-Ga-Pu-U

The goal of this study is about the thermodynamic re-assessment of the Plutonium- Uranium (Pu-U) system as a first step leading to the development of a plutonium-based thermodynamic database (i.e., Pu with Al, Am, Ga, Mo, U…) with resulting phase diagrams and associated thermodynamic data. Indeed, phase stability trends and phase diagrams of multi-component nuclear materials are crucial for predicting properties and performance under normal, hypothetical or even accidental conditions. This work is based on a coupling between ab initio energetics, phenomenological thermodynamics models - based on the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach - and the use of the Thermo-Calc software, together with experimental data (whenever available). The present report summarizes results obtained (quarter period: 10/07/2013-01/07/2014) under the auspices of an agreement between CEA/DAM and NNSA/DP on cooperation in fundamental science supporting stockpile stewardship (P182).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Review of Graph Databases for Big Data Dynamic Entity Scoring

Modeling data as a graph enables users to quickly analyze networked phenomenon, such as social network-based marketing data (e.g., linking entities in social media based on their friends and their "likes", their friend-of-a-friend's "likes", etc.) and scientific data, such as in biology to assess a gene's proximity in a graph to particular disease phenotype. Numerous purpose-built graph databases (DBs) called “NoSQL” or “Not Only SQL” DBs are emerging to support this type of graph analysis. These DBs differ from traditional relational DBs in that they are optimized to improve storage and query performance across large, complex graphs. This document reviews the state of the art in graph DBs and identifies potential DBs that show promise for dynamic entity-scoring algorithms. Dynamic entity scoring is a new area of research that allows analysis of data within graphs using undirected methods to weigh the edges of the graph based on the proximity or ambient influence of near-by nodes. The EntityScore (eScore) methodology developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is one application of these emerging graph-analysis algorithms to help analysts identify and prioritize entities, based on complex, analyst-defined weighting criteria. Our review examines a wide range of different, well-known graph DBs in use since at least 2010 and identifies unique advantages and disadvantages that may impact eScore-specific requirements. Specifically, we review data structures employed, query features employed, load times, query calculation times, memory usage and several other important attributes reported in the literature. We limited our considerations for eScore to Blueprints-compliant graph DBs (https://github.com/tinkerpop/blueprints/) because they provide a standard, java application programming interface (API) based on the property graph model.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Summary Report of the Workshop on The Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Database

The Workshop on the Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Database (EXFOR) was held at IAEA Headquarters in Vienna from 6 to 10 October 2014. The workshop was organized to discuss various aspects of the EXFOR compilation process including compilation rules, different techniques for nuclear reaction data measurements, software developments, etc. A summary of the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop is reported here.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Analysis of a global database containing tritium in precipitation

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) directed the collection of tritium in water samples from the mid-1950s to 2009. The Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) data examined the airborne movement of isotope releases to the environment, with an objective of collecting spatial data on the isotope content of precipitation across the globe. The initial motivation was to monitor atmospheric thermonuclear test fallout through tritium, deuterium, and oxygen isotope concentrations, but after the 1970s the focus changed to being an observation network of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope data for hydrologic studies. The GNIP database provides a wealth of tritium data collections over a long period of time. The work performed here primarily examined data features in the past 30 years (after much of the effects of above-ground nuclear testing in the late 1950s to early 1960s decayed away), revealing potentially unknown tritium sources. The available data at GNIP were reorganized to allow for evaluation of trends in the data both temporally and spatially. Several interesting cases were revealed, including relatively high measured concentrations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, Russia, Norway, as well as an increase in background concentration at a collector in South Korea after 2004. Recent data from stations in the southeastern United States nearest to the Savannah River Site do not indicate any high values. Meteorological impacts have not been considered in this study. Further research to assess the likely source location of interesting cases using transport simulations and/or literature searches is warranted.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

High Fluency Low Flux Embrittlement Models of LWR Reactor Pressure Vessel Embrittlement and a Supporting Database from the UCSB ATR-2 Irradiation Experiment

Reactor pressure vessel embrittlement may limit the lifetime of light water reactors (LWR). Embrittlement is primarily caused by formation of nano-scale precipitates, which cause hardening and a subsequent increase in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of the steel. While the effect of Cu has historically been the largest research focus of RPV embrittlement, there is increasing evidence that Mn, Ni and Si are likely to have a large effect at higher fluence, where Mn-Ni-Si precipitates can form, even in the absence of Cu. Therefore, extending RPV lifetimes will require a thorough understanding of both precipitation and embrittlement at higher fluences than have ever been observed in a power reactor. To address this issue, test reactors that irradiate materials at higher neutron fluxes than power reactors are used. These experiments at high neutron flux can reach extended life neutron fluences in only months or several years. The drawback of these test irradiations is that they add additional complexity to interpreting the data, as the irradiation flux also plays a role into both precipitate formation and irradiation hardening and embrittlement. This report focuses on developing a database of both microstructure and mechanical property data to better understand the effect of flux. In addition, a previously developed model that enables the comparison of data taken over a range of neutron flux is discussed.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2017

A Global Survey of Deep Underground Facilities; Examples of Geotechnical and Engineering Capabilities, Achievements, Challenges (Mines, Shafts, Tunnels, Boreholes, Sites and Underground Facilities for Nuclear Waste and Physics R&D): A Guide to Interactive Global Map Layers, Table Database, References and Notes

These associated tables, references, notes, and report present a synthesis of some notable geotechnical and engineering information used to create four interactive layer maps for selected: 1) deep mines and shafts; 2) existing, considered or planned radioactive waste management deep underground studies or disposal facilities 3) deep large diameter boreholes, and 4) physics underground laboratories and facilities from around the world. These data are intended to facilitate user access to basic information and references regarding “deep underground” facilities, history, activities, and plans. In general, the interactive maps and database provide each facility’s approximate site location, geology, and engineered features (e.g.: access, geometry, depth, diameter, year of operations, groundwater, lithology, host unit name and age, basin; operator, management organization, geographic data, nearby cultural features, other). Although the survey is not comprehensive, it is representative of many of the significant existing and historical underground facilities discussed in the literature addressing radioactive waste management and deep mined geologic disposal safety systems. The global survey is intended to support and to inform: 1) interested parties and decision makers; 2) radioactive waste disposal and siting option evaluations, and 3) safety case development applicable to any mined geologic disposal facility as a demonstration of historical and current engineering and geotechnical capabilities available for use in deep underground facility siting, planning, construction, operations and monitoring.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Analysis of Global Horizontal Irradiance in Version 3 of the National Solar Radiation Database

We report an analysis that compares global horizontal irradiance (GHI) estimates from version 3 of the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB v3) with surface measurements of GHI at a wide variety of locations over the period spanning from 2005 to 2012. The NSRDB v3 estimate of GHI are derived from the Physical Solar Model (PSM) which employs physics-based models to estimate GHI from measurements of reflected visible and infrared irradiance collected by Geostationary Operational Environment Satellites (GOES) and several other data sources. Because the ground measurements themselves are uncertain our analysis does not establish the absolute accuracy for PSM GHI. However by examining the comparison for trends and for consistency across a large number of sites, we may establish a level of confidence in PSM GHI and identify conditions which indicate opportunities to improve PSM. We focus our evaluation on annual and monthly insolation because these quantities directly relate to prediction of energy production from solar power systems. We find that generally, PSM GHI exhibits a bias towards overestimating insolation, on the order of 5% when all sky conditions are considered, and somewhat less (-3%) when only clear sky conditions are considered. The biases persist across multiple years and are evident at many locations. In our opinion the bias originates with PSM and we view as less credible that the bias stems from calibration drift or soiling of ground instruments. We observe that PSM GHI may significantly underestimate monthly insolation in locations subject to broad snow cover. We found examples of days where PSM GHI apparently misidentified snow cover as clouds, resulting in significant underestimates of GHI during these days and hence leading to substantial understatement of monthly insolation. Analysis of PSM GHI in adjacent pixels shows that the level of agreement between PSM GHI and ground data can vary substantially over distances on the order of 2 km. We conclude that the variance most likely originates from dramatic contrasts in the ground's appearance over these distances.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

SP-1 results for UOC Database Project, 2018

Project personnel at Los Alamos National Laboratory provided analysis support for an IAEA SP-1 task proposal aimed at analysis of materials sampled at various points during the Uranium ore refinement. This effort was proposed as a part of FY18 Uranium Ore Concentrate Sourcing Database project activities. Samples related to this effort are categorized as a set of solid samples and a set of liquid samples.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2018

User Guide for the Public Industrial CO 2 Capture Retrofit Database Models

The United States (U.S.) Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has produced three carbon capture retrofit databases (CCRDs), which contain a collection of units selected from the power generation and industrial sources (IND) sectors located in the United States that are either in operating or standby status. The power generation category is subdivided into the post-combustion (PC) CCRD – containing coal-fired and atmospheric fluidized bed (AFB) units – and the natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) CCRD – containing natural gas-fired combined cycle and combined cycle single shaft units. The IND CCRD contains facilities from the ammonia, cement, ethanol, hydrogen, and natural gas processing industries. This report is intended to provide a general guide to the IND CCRD. Efforts have been made to ensure similarities between each of the CCRDs. However, as the sources of CO2 vary, differences will exist – most notably in the IND CCRD.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Is the BPD Nationally Representative? A Comparison of the Building Performance Database to the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey

The Building Performance Database (BPD) contains building characteristics and energy use data that can be used to benchmark buildings against their peers. However, the BPD contains data from any source that was willing to contribute data, regardless of whether that dataset is representative of the national building stock. This report explores the representativeness of the BPD. Namely, we compared the BPD to the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), which was designed to be a nationally representative sample of buildings. We divided the datasets into subgroups based on building type and location, we focused on three key variables (floor area, site energy use intensity, and source energy use intensity), and we compared their statistical properties in the BPD to the CBECS. We found that while the BPD contains significantly more buildings with larger floor areas, the BPD is reasonably representative in terms of site and source energy use intensity and does not appear to have a systemic bias towards energy efficient buildings.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Status of the salt thermochemical database, MSTDB

The CALculation of PHAsed Diagram (CALPHAD) approach to thermodynamic assessments was used to develop the 1 st generation Molten Salt Thermodynamic Database, or MSTDB. It currently contains 21 elements with models for 54 molten salt binary solutions, 26 ternary molten salt solutions, 14 solid solutions, and 140 multicomponent, stoichiometric compounds. The effort continues with the aim of extending MSTDB to include all the elements that will exist during operation of a molten salt reactor to model the thermochemical behavior with burnup along with additives and corrosion products.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗