Characterization of multiphase flow in shaly caprock for geologic CO2 storage
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Water Resources↗
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Results for “Resource Characterization”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Hawaii Play Fairway Analysis Model
Custom MATLAB and custom GMT scripts for Hawaii Play Fairway Analysis modeling.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Citizen Green #1 Well: Drilling, Deviation, Mud, Whole Core, and Observation Logs
This submission includes drilling logs, mud log, deviation survey, site observation notes, and whole core scans from the Citizen Green #1 well drilled on King Island, CA (API 07720688) as part of the WESTCARB partnership basin characterization effort. These datasets were gathered by JAF but created and compiled by a variety of WESTCARB operations team members and contractors including Sandia Resources, Stratagraphic Corp, John Henry Beyer, Paul Graham Drilling, and Core Labs.
Core CT↗
Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the Fayetteville Shale Formation from the Nixon B #1-7 Well
The computed tomography (CT) facilities and the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, West Virginia were used to characterize core from the Fayetteville and Pitkin formations. This core came from a vertical well drilled by Southwestern Energy (Nixon B #1-7 well) and characterized as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Fossil Energy and Carbon Management Onshore portfolio’s focus on unconventional shale plays. The primary impetus of this work is to characterize Fayetteville Shale core, from an unconventional shale play in Northwestern Arkansas, that is relatively under-reported on when compared to larger unconventional resources in the continental U.S.
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
Potential for Transactive Energy to Improve the Provisioning of Grid Services from Batteries
This study assessed the degree to which transactive energy systems could help reduce or remove barriers to the deployment of battery energy storage, and realize the full potential of battery resources to supply needed services to the grid and fairly compensate various types of battery owners. To enable this assessment, typical battery deployments were characterized, along with energy markets, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Order rulings and implementations, grid services, and current deployment barriers. Finally, this study analyzed the value that accrues to batteries supplying today’s grid services as a function of the participation models associated with three primary types of battery ownership: merchant-owned transmission-connected batteries; utility-owned distribution-connected batteries; and customer-owned behind-the-meter batteries. This provided both quantitative and qualitative assessments comparing opportunities for battery storage in business-as-usual and transactive energy scenarios.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
An HPC benchmark survey and taxonomy for characterization
The field of High-Performance Computing (HPC) is defined by providing computing devices with highest performance for a variety of demanding scientific users. The tight co-design relationship between HPC providers and users propels the field forward, paired with technological improvements, achieving continuously higher performance and resource utilization. A key device for system architects, architecture researchers, and scientific users are benchmarks, allowing for well-defined assessment of hardware, software, and algorithms. Many benchmarks exist in the community, from individual niche benchmarks testing specific features, to large-scale benchmark suites for whole procurements. We survey the available HPC benchmarks, summarizing them in table form with key details and concise categorization, also through an interactive website. For categorization, we present a benchmark taxonomy for well-defined characterization of benchmarks.
Benchmarking↗
Characterization of U.S. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) test sites: a catalogue of met-ocean data (Second edition)
This report presents met-ocean data and wave energy characteristics at eight U.S. wave energy converter (WEC) test and potential deployment sites. Its purpose is to enable the comparison of wave resource characteristics among sites as well as the selection of test sites that are most suitable for a developer’s device and that best meet their testing needs and objectives. It also provides essential inputs for the design of WEC test devices and planning WEC tests, including the planning of deployment, and operations and maintenance. For each site, this report catalogues wave statistics recommended in the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Specification (IEC 62600-101 TS) on Wave Energy Characterization, as well as the frequency of occurrence of weather windows and extreme sea states, and statistics on wind and ocean currents. It also provides useful information on test site infrastructure and services.
16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
Wabash CarbonSAFE Subtask 4.1 - Application of Policy Frameworks for Improved Carbon Capture and Storage Social Site Characterization & Stakeholder Engagement
Anthropogenic climate change threatens environmental and human health globally. Limiting these threats requires large-scale and innovative greenhouse gas mitigation responses across carbon-intensive energy and industrial sectors. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies present potential opportunities for mitigating climate change while maintaining a diverse energy resource portfolio. Successful development of CCS physical sites requires effective and efficient project management solutions that elicit and incorporate the concerns and perspectives of diverse stakeholders. Due to the urgency of climate change mitigation technology implementation and the costs of CCS development, CCS project developers cannot risk setbacks by poor stakeholder assessment that concern management processes. Thus, this report presents four prominent policy frameworks and associated case studies as opportunities to improve CCS social site characterization and stakeholder engagement. After comparing the relative effectiveness and efficiencies of each framework with regard to CCS, this report concludes that the Advocacy Coalition Framework, Narrative Policy Framework, and Policy Conflict Framework can improve the CCS social site characterization process, while the Collaborative Governance Framework paired with the Q-Methodology provides an ideal framework for direct stakeholder engagement. Overall, this report finds that the Narrative Policy Framework and the Collaborative Governance Framework are most ideally suited for the purposes of CCS social site characterization and stakeholder engagement.
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
Characterization of U.S. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Test Sites: A Catalogue of Met-Ocean Data, 2nd Edition
This report presents met-ocean data and wave energy characteristics at eight U.S. wave energy converter (WEC) test and potential deployment sites. Its purpose is to enable the comparison of wave resource characteristics among sites as well as the selection of test sites that are most suitable for a developer's device and that best meet their testing needs and objectives. It also provides essential inputs for the design of WEC test devices and planning WEC tests, including the planning of deployment, and operations and maintenance. For each site, this report catalogues wave statistics recommended in the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Speci cation (IEC 62600-101 TS) on Wave Energy Characterization, as well as the frequency of occurrence of weather windows and extreme sea states, and statistics on wind and ocean currents. It also provides useful information on test site infrastructure and services.
16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
Nanosecond machine learning regression with deep boosted decision trees in FPGA for high energy physics
We present a novel application of the machine learning / artificial intelligence method called boosted decision trees to estimate physical quantities on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The software package fwXmachina features a new architecture called parallel decision paths that allows for deep decision trees with arbitrary number of input variables. It also features a new optimization scheme to use different numbers of bits for each input variable, which produces optimal physics results and ultraefficient FPGA resource utilization. Problems in high energy physics of proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are considered. Estimation of missing transverse momentum (E T miss ) at the first level trigger system at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) experiments, with a simplified detector modeled by Delphes, is used to benchmark and characterize the firmware performance. The firmware implementation with a maximum depth of up to 10 using eight input variables of 16-bit precision gives a latency value of $\mathcal{O}$(10) ns, independent of the clock speed, and $\mathcal{O}$(0.1)% of the available FPGA resources without using digital signal processors.
Instruments & Instrumentation↗
Innovations Driven by Advanced Characterization to Strategize Critical Mineral Production and Beneficial Reuse from Fossil Energy Waste
Critical minerals (CM), such as rare earth elements (REE), cobalt, nickel, and lithium, have important uses in modern electronics and advanced manufacturing, yet are vulnerable to potential supply chain disruptions. Relatively abundant and readily available fossil energy (FE) wastes, such as coal combustion ash, acid mine drainage (AMD) and treatment solids (AMD solids), and Oil and Gas (O&G) drilling wastes (drill cuttings and produced waters) are under consideration as CM feedstocks. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has studied CM resources for various FE wastes as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s mission of bolstering the domestic CM supply, and makes the data available to the public on EDX at sites such as the NEWTS group. Advanced characterization utilizing synchrotron x-ray techniques coupled with laboratory extractions has been performed to identify CM hosting phases in these FE wastes to inform CM recoverability mechanisms. Novel methods to selectively recover CMs while co-producing other valuable byproducts have been developed. Successful examples discussed here include: (1) The identification of REE/Co/Ni/Sc binding and hosting phases in select FE waste (coal combustion ash and AMD solids), resulting in the development of a patented CM step-extraction process, (2) coupled production of functional sorbents from these extraction wastes and for CM recovery. A pilot-scale testing to evaluate the patent’s technical feasibility for extracting REE from coal ash on a barrel scale has been successfully performed. Additionally, (3) evaluation and measurements of brine geochemistry from U.S. O&G produced waters has informed a high Li recovery potential from Marcellus Shale produced water. NETL researchers have been developing tailored pre-treatment processes, an innovative and highly durable lithium sorbent, and geochemical model guided precipitation to accelerate Li production from the Marcellus Shale produced waters. These innovations driven by characterization are integral for maximizing and advancing the potential for CM recovery while offsetting the cost and environmental footprint for FE waste management.
critical mineral processing↗
Grid Value Proposition of Marine Energy
Marine energy technologies convert the energy of ocean waves, and tidal, river, and ocean currents into electricity and other forms of usable energy. The marine energy resource potential in the United States is significant and geographically diverse, with a study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Energy estimating that the nation’s annual marine energy potential is approximately 2,300 TWh/year across the 50 states, or greater than 57 percent of U.S. electricity generation in 2019. However, the marine energy industry still faces hurdles to commercialization. While high costs relative to wind and solar remain a key challenge, other hurdles relate to marine energy’s value streams not being well characterized and not captured by traditional energy comparison metrics like the levelized cost of energy. To address this challenge, this project undertakes several types of analyses to identify and illustrate value propositions for marine energy resources. It provides a fresh framework for considering electric system benefits based on unique marine energy attributes, and provides analyses illustrating and quantifying those benefits. The authors find many opportunities for the deployment of marine energy technologies both in the near term and within typical utility planning timeframes (i.e. up to 20 years). From a resource and technology perspective, marine energy resources can deliver distinct and valuable benefits to different configurations of the grid, whether the bulk system, isolated distribution systems, or remote communities, islands, and microgrids. Marine energy resources can be valuable in increasing technology diversity in a generation portfolio, providing energy where it is otherwise difficult to come by, supporting local resiliency, complementing and being complemented by other resources including solar, wind, and energy storage, and avoiding land constraints.
16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
A resource adequacy assessment of correlated wide-area outages in the power grid
As the power grid is undergoing rapid transformations, numerous questions are emerging about its vulnerability to wide-area extreme events (WAEE), which could influence its operations. Relatively few analyses have been conducted to date regarding the impact of correlated outages during WAEEs on the grid’s ability to balance resources with demand. This study addresses this gap by conducting a resource adequacy analysis for a hurricane-inspired WAEE on a 2035 synthetic power grid system for the United States. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to characterize the relative impact of weather on unserved energy. Our results indicate that although the magnitude and duration of the shortfalls vary depending on weather conditions, persistent shortfalls are observed in some regions. Initial explorations indicate a strong correlation between transmission-constrained regions and regions with persistent shortfalls. Future work could generate empirically-grounded representations for generator outages as well as conduct causal analyses of these shortfalls to improve understanding of drivers as well as possible mitigation strategies. Continued exploration of extreme weather impacts on the grid is important to develop more robust understanding of the reliability and resilience of our power systems, especially as they undergo rapid transformations.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the CarbonSAFE Seal Integrity Wells in the Illinois Basin
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) researchers in Morgantown, West Virginia, utilized computed tomography (CT) facilities and the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) to evaluate the integrity of three cores (Geophysical Monitor #2 (GM2), Verification Well #1 (VW #1), and Wabash #1 for the Illinois Basin Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise (CarbonSAFE) efforts. This work was carried out in collaboration with the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) as part of their efforts to analyze cores from two field locations, including the Illinois Basin-Decatur Project (IBDP) and second stage Illinois Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (IL-ICCS) sites at Decatur, Illinois, and the Wabash CarbonSAFE project at the Wabash Valley Resources Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant in Terre Haut, Indiana. The results of this study are presented in several formats and are available online on the Energy Data eXchange (EDX). The rock characterization was conducted using non-destructive techniques, allowing for future analysis of the cores. While the equipment used did not provide direct visualization of shale pore space, it allowed for detection of fractures and discontinuities. Low resolution CT imagery with the NETL medical CT scanner was performed on the entire core. Qualitative analysis of the medical CT images, coupled with x-ray fluorescence (XRF), P-wave, and magnetic susceptibility measurements from the MSCL were utilized to identify areas of interest for further study as well as fractured zones. The ability to quickly identify key areas for more detailed study with higher resolution will save time and resources in future studies. The combination of methods used provided a multi-scale analysis of this core and provided both a macro and micro description of the core that is relevant for many subsurface energy-related examinations traditionally performed at NETL.
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
Substrate Utilization and Competitive Interactions Among Soil Bacteria Vary With Life-History Strategies
Microorganisms have evolved various life-history strategies to survive fluctuating resource conditions in soils. However, it remains elusive how the life-history strategies of microorganisms influence their processing of organic carbon, which may affect microbial interactions and carbon cycling in soils. Here, we characterized the genomic traits, exometabolite profiles, and interactions of soil bacteria representing copiotrophic and oligotrophic strategists. Isolates were selected based on differences in ribosomal RNA operon ( rrn ) copy number, as a proxy for life-history strategies, with pairs of “high” and “low” rrn copy number isolates represented within the Micrococcales, Corynebacteriales, and Bacillales. We found that high rrn isolates consumed a greater diversity and amount of substrates than low rrn isolates in a defined growth medium containing common soil metabolites. We estimated overlap in substrate utilization profiles to predict the potential for resource competition and found that high rrn isolates tended to have a greater potential for competitive interactions. The predicted interactions positively correlated with the measured interactions that were dominated by negative interactions as determined through sequential growth experiments. This suggests that resource competition was a major force governing interactions among isolates, while cross-feeding of metabolic secretion likely contributed to the relatively rare positive interactions observed. By connecting bacterial life-history strategies, genomic features, and metabolism, our study advances the understanding of the links between bacterial community composition and the transformation of carbon in soils.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Power demand risk models on milling machines
The measurement of power demand risks in manufacturing power systems will benefit manufacturers and the wider society. If the risks can be characterized using manufacturing parameters, manufacturers can better control risks originating in those parameters, select less power-risky production plans, and reduce utility costs and resource consumption. The measurement of risk can also help manufacturers and power suppliers to protect their power systems from unexpected disturbances. Existing measures of risk, however, do not consider time duration, and thus cannot accurately quantify the risks in manufacturing power systems; the risks of a period of high power demand must be evaluated with the duration of the surge. Therefore, new methods of measuring power demand risks are proposed, adapting measures drawn from the field of finance. With a focus on milling operations, processing power is shown to be a function of processing amount and processing time, and a power demand distribution is directly derived as a joint distribution of and A and T. A bivariate random variable model with copulas is applied to examine the correlation in the joint distribution. Then, based on evaluation of a probability distribution of power demand from and, new risk measures are introduced. Herein illustrative examples are provided to show how the proposed measures can quantify the power demand risks from milling machines, based on manufacturing parameters. Certain manufacturing parameters are found to affect overall power demand risks, including i) raw material type, ii) variability in processing time, and iii) correlation between and. In the examples, these three factors increase power demand risks by up to 108%, 67%, and 1% respectively.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications
Polymers with precisely controlled structure and function are in high demand across a diverse array of applications spanning the life sciences and nanotechnology. One prototypical example is a class of branched block copolymers known as miktoarm stars (μ-stars), which contain two or more arm compositions connected at a common junction. Miktoarm stars have attracted considerable attention since their physical properties can be different from conventional linear block copolymers. This perspective highlights the latest developments and historical context in the field of miktoarm star polymers, including design strategies, synthetic techniques, and advanced characterization tools used to avoid common preparation pitfalls and tailor properties for emerging applications. Furthermore, our contemporary perspective on μ-star polymers is a resource for inspiring future research into this exciting class of materials at the intersection of chemistry, physics, and advanced technology.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗