Optical Spectroscopy Study of Lanthanide Organic Phase Complexes in the TALSPEAK Separations Process
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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
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Quantitative Infrared Intensity Studies of Vapor-Phase Glyoxal, Methylglyoxal, and 2,3-Butanedione (Diacetyl) with Vibrational Assignments
Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) are all known biomass burning effluents and suspected aerosol precursors. Pressure-broadened quantitative infrared spectra of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl vapors covering the 520–6500 cm –1 range are reported at 0.112 cm –1 resolution, each with a composite spectrum derived from a minimum of 10 different sample pressures for the compound, representing some of the first quantitative intensity data for these analytes. Many vibrational assignments for methylglyoxal are reported for the first time, as are some near-IR and far-IR bands of glyoxal and diacetyl. To complete the vibrational assignments, the far-infrared spectra (25–600 cm –1 ) of all three vapors are also reported, those of methylglyoxal for the first time. Density functional theory and ab initio MP2 theory are used to help assign vibrational modes. Finally, potential bands for atmospheric monitoring are discussed.
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
Correlative transmission electron microscopy and electrical properties study of switchable phase-change random access memory line cells
Phase-change memory line cells, where the active material has a thickness of 15 nm, were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation such that they still could be switched and characterized electrically after the preparation. The result of these observations in comparison with detailed electrical characterization showed (i) normal behavior for relatively long amorphous marks, resulting in a hyperbolic dependence between SET resistance and SET current, indicating a switching mechanism based on initially long and thin nanoscale crystalline filaments which thicken gradually, and (ii) anomalous behavior, which holds for relatively short amorphous marks, where initially directly a massive crystalline filament is formed that consumes most of the width of the amorphous mark only leaving minor residual amorphous regions at its edges. The present results demonstrate that even in (purposely) thick TEM samples, the TEM sample preparation hampers the probability to observe normal behavior and it can be debated whether it is possible to produce electrically switchable TEM specimen in which the memory cells behave the same as in their original bulk embedded state.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Dynamic experiments to study the α - ε phase transition in cerium
The ability to understand and predict the response of matter at extreme conditions requires knowledge of a material’s equation-of-state including the location of phase boundaries, transition kinetics, and the evolution of material strength. Cerium is a material with a complex phase diagram that continues to attract significant scientific interest. Recent dynamic experiments have provided information on the low-pressure γ–α phase transition, sound speed, and Hugoniot data for the higher-pressure α phase, as well as the incipient shock melt transition. Despite these efforts, there are still regions of the phase diagram that are largely unexplored dynamically, including the high-pressure region below the melt boundary. Along a room temperature isotherm, diamond anvil cell data report a transition to the ϵ phase between 13 and 17 GPa. At higher temperatures, similar diamond anvil cell data show significant disagreement regarding the existence, location, and slope of the ϵ-phase boundary. In this work, double-shock loading was used to access the α–ϵ region of the phase diagram to obtain equation-of-state information and to determine the location of the ϵ-phase boundary for shock loading.
74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
Study of the nanobubble phase of aqueous NaCl solutions by dynamic light scattering
Aqueous NaCl solutions with different concentrations have been investigated by dynamic scattering of laser radiation. It is experimentally shown that these solutions contain scattering particles with a wide size distribution in a range of ∼10 – 100 nm. The experimental results indirectly confirm the existence of quasi-stable gas nanobubbles in the bulk of aqueous ionic solutions. (light scattering)
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Lattice study of an electroweak phase transition at m{sub h} ≅ 126 GeV
We carry out lattice simulations of a cosmological electroweak phase transition for a Higgs mass m{sub h} ≅ 126 GeV. The analysis is based on a dimensionally reduced effective theory for an MSSM-like scenario including a relatively light coloured SU(2)-singlet scalar, referred to as a right-handed stop. The non-perturbative transition is stronger than in 2-loop perturbation theory, and may offer a window for electroweak baryogenesis. The main remaining uncertainties concern the physical value of the right-handed stop mass which according to our analysis could be as high as m{sub t-tilde{sub R}} ≅ 155 GeV; a more precise effective theory derivation and vacuum renormalization than available at present are needed for confirming this value.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Topological obstructed atomic limit insulators by annihilating Dirac fermions
We show that annihilating a pair of Dirac fermions implies a topological transition from the critical semimetallic phase to an obstructed atomic limit insulator phase instead of a trivial insulator. This is shown to happen because of branch cuts in the phase of the wave functions, leading to nontrivial Zak phase along certain directions. To this end, we study their ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ invariant and also study the phase transition using entanglement entropy. We use low-energy Hamiltonians and numerical result from model systems to show this effect. These transitions are observed in realistic materials, including strained graphene and buckled honeycomb group V (Sb/As).
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Fixed-phase diffusion Monte Carlo study of activation gap and skyrmion excitations of a ν = 1 system in the presence of charged impurities
The discrepancy between the theoretically calculated and experimentally measured activation gaps in quantum Hall effect has long been a puzzle. We revisit this issue in the context of the v = 1 quantum Hall state, while also incorporating the skyrmion physics. We find that the finite width and the Landau level mixing effects are not sufficient to explain the observed activation gap. We further show that the presence of charged impurities located adjacent to the quantum well can cause a significant reduction in the activation gap, while also causing a suppression of the skyrmion size.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Multimodal spectroscopy of order parameter distributions
We present a multimodal spectroscopic paradigm that enables independent measurement of charge and spin degrees of freedom (DOF) in strongly correlated materials. This spin-based technique probes symmetry-specific Hamiltonian parameters by analyzing how the time delay between applied pulses (τ) affects the response. We demonstrate ways in which charge DOF that couple through the quadrupolar interaction (inversion symmetric) can be independently measured even in the presence of large magnetic noise (inversion asymmetric). The method quantifies both the strength of the interactions and their distribution (noise). We provide protocols to directly and independently measure the distribution of interaction strengths, even when the average value of the interaction is zero. By independently measuring distributions of different forms of disorder, this methodology can elucidate which microscopic symmetry drives a phase transition. Here, we discuss potential applications to study complex phase transitions in strongly interacting quantum materials.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
High-pressure phases of liquid silane studied using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations
Not Available
Badjo, Y. H. (ORCID:0009000739381225)↗
Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments
Dual-phase xenon detectors are widely used in dark matter direct detection experiments, and have demonstrated the highest sensitivities to a variety of dark matter interactions. However, a key component of the dual-phase detector technology—the efficiency of charge extraction from liquid xenon into gas—has not been well characterized. We report a new measurement of the electron extraction efficiency (EEE) in a small xenon detector using two monoenergetic decay features of $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$. By achieving stable operation at very high voltages, we measured the EEE values at the highest extraction electric field strength reported to date. For the first time, an apparent saturation of the EEE is observed over a large range of electric field; between 7.5 and $10.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}$ extraction field in the liquid xenon the EEE stays stable at the level of 1% $(\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}{)}^{{-}1}$. In the context of electron transport models developed for xenon, we discuss how the observed saturation may help calibrate this relative EEE measurement to the absolute EEE values. In addition, we present the implications of this result not only to current and future xenon-based dark matter searches, but also to xenon-based searches for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatters.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Topology–Symmetry Analysis of a New Modification of NaIn[IO{sub 3}]{sub 4}
Crystals of new iodate NaIn[IO{sub 3}]{sub 4} were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis. The unit cell parameters are a = 7.2672(2) Å, b = 15.2572(6) Å, c = 15.0208(6) Å, β = 101.517(3)°, sp. gr. P2{sub 1}/c. The formula was determined during the structure determination and refinement of a twinned crystal based on a set of reflections from the atomic planes of the major individual. The refinement with anisotropic displacement parameters was performed for both twin components to the final R factor of 0.050. The In and Na atoms are in octahedral coordination formed by oxygen atoms. The oxygen octahedra are arranged into columns by sharing edges, and the columns are connected by isolated umbrella-like [IO{sub 3}]{sup –} groups to form layers. The new structure is most similar to the isoformular iodate NaIn[IO{sub 3}]{sub 4}, which crystallizes in the same sp. gr. P2{sub 1}/c and is structurally similar, but has a twice smaller unit cell and is characterized by another direction of the monoclinic axis. The structural similarity and difference between the two phases were studied by topologysymmetry analysis. The formation of these phases is related to different combinations of identical one-dimensional infinite chains of octahedra.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Study of Bronze Statues “John the Baptist” and “Dancing Cupid” from the Collections of the Pushkin State Museum
Bronze statues “John the Baptist” and “Dancing Cupid” from the collections of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts have been investigated at the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute.” These statues were previously damaged in fire. Before carrying out restoration, it was necessary to perform their complex study, including identification of statue materials; elemental and phase analysis of contaminations; estimation of the state of surfaces and internal parts; and detection of technological elements, as well as hidden defects, corroded parts, and cracks. To this end, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis, synchrotron radiation diffraction, and neutron radiography and tomography have been used.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Magnetic-resonance and thermophysical studies of the magnetic phase diagram for a GdFe{sub 2.1}Ga{sub 0.9}(BO{sub 3}){sub 4} single crystal
The antiferromagnetic resonance, heat capacity, magnetic properties, and magnetic phase diagram of a GdFe{sub 3}(BO{sub 3}){sub 4} crystal in which some of the iron ions were substituted by diamagnetic gallium ions have been investigated. It has been found that the Neel temperature upon diamagnetic substitution decreased to 17 K compared to 38 K in the unsubstituted crystal. The effective exchange and anisotropy fields for GdFe{sub 2.1}Ga{sub 0.9}(BO{sub 3}){sub 4} have been estimated from the field dependences of magnetization and resonance measurements. The magnetic phase diagram of the crystal has been constructed from magnetic and resonance measurements. In GdFe{sub 2.1}Ga{sub 0.9}(BO{sub 3}){sub 4}, there is no spontaneous reorientation and, in the absence of a magnetic field, the crystal remains an easy-axis one in the entire domain of magnetic ordering. The critical field of the reorientation transition to an induced easy-plane state in a magnetic field along the trigonal axis has been found to increase compared to that in the unsubstituted crystal.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Ab initio study of the composite phase diagram of Ni–Mn–Ga shape memory alloys
The magnetic and structural properties of a series of nonstoichiometric Ni–Mn–Ga Heusler alloys are theoretically investigated in terms of the density functional theory. Nonstoichiometry is formed in the coherent potential approximation. Concentration dependences of the equilibrium lattice parameter, the bulk modulus, and the total magnetic moment are obtained and projected onto the ternary phase diagram of the alloys. The stable crystalline structures and the magnetic configurations of the austenitic phase are determined.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Study of the QCD Phase Diagram using STAR at RHIC - Final Report
This grant supported the MSU STAR Group from April 1, 1998 to October 31, 2016. Originally the MSU STAR Group consisted of the principal investigator (PI), a staff physicist, and one graduate student. Funds were provided for half the summer salary of the PI, the full salary of the staff physicist, and half the costs associated with one graduate student. The other half of the PI’s summer salary and graduate student costs was covered by NSCL. In addition, this grant provided funds for travel and workstations related to STAR. Starting in 2009, the MSU STAR Group replaced the staff physicist with a postdoctoral scientist.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗