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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

CisSERS: Customizable In Silico Sequence Evaluation for Restriction Sites

High-throughput sequencing continues to produce an immense volume of information that is processed and assembled into mature sequence data. Here, data analysis tools are urgently needed that leverage the embedded DNA sequence polymorphisms and consequent changes to restriction sites or sequence motifs in a high-throughput manner to enable biological experimentation. Cis SERS was developed as a standalone open source tool to analyze sequence datasets and provide biologists with individual or comparative genome organization information in terms of presence and frequency of patterns or motifs such as restriction enzymes. Predicted agarose gel visualization of the custom analyses results was also integrated to enhance the usefulness of the software. Cis SERS offers several novel functionalities, such as handling of large and multiple datasets in parallel, multiple restriction enzyme site detection and custom motif detection features, which are seamlessly integrated with real time agarose gel visualization. Using a simple fasta-formatted file as input, Cis SERS utilizes the REBASE enzyme database. Results from Cis SERSenable the user to make decisions for designing genotyping by sequencing experiments, reduced representation sequencing, 3’UTR sequencing, and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) molecular markers for large sample sets. Cis SERS is a java based graphical user interface built around a perl backbone. Several of the applications of Cis SERS including CAPS molecular marker development were successfully validated using wet-lab experimentation. Here, we present the tool Cis SERSand results from in-silico and corresponding wet-lab analyses demonstrating that Cis SERS is a technology platform solution that facilitates efficient data utilization in genomics and genetics studies.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Data Visualization Saliency v. 1.0

Evaluating the effectiveness of data visualizations is a challenging undertaking and often relies on one-off human subject studies that test a visualization in the context of one specific task. Researchers across the fields of data science, visualization, and human-computer interaction are calling for foundational tools and principles that could be applied to assessing the effectiveness of data visualizations in a more rapid and generalizable manner. The visual saliency model for data visualizations described here addresses this need for evaluation tools. Visual saliency models assess the visual features (e.g. color, contrast, edges) of an image to predict which areas of that image will draw a viewer’s attention. Providing predictions of where viewers will look in a visualization based on the saliency of the various regions and elements in that image could help designers to assess whether or not their design will draw the viewer’s attention as intended. The Data Visualization Saliency model, a saliency model for data visualizations, consists of two parts: a text saliency map and a modified version of the Itti, Koch and Niebur model [1]. The final saliency map is a linear combination of the two. The text saliency map is created from an algorithm that computes the likelihood of belonging to a text region for each pixel of an input visualization image. The modified Itti model transforms the original input image to a representation in CIE LAB color space, which provides an accurate representation of perceptual color opponency. For a given input data visualization image, the Data Visualization Saliency model computes and returns the visualization saliency map highlighting areas of the data visualization that will draw a viewer’s attention. It also returns the lower level saliency maps for text and the modified Itti model.

Haass, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2020

Data Fusion and Feature Extraction of Explosions Recorded on Smartphones

The prompt detection of explosions is a key element of the nuclear non-proliferation mission. With traditional sensors being limited in number and scale, smartphones as compact and economical multi-modal sensors are gaining traction and are being deployed. To address the flood of heterogeneous smartphone data, our team proposes a feature extraction using standardized constant-Q frequency bands across acoustic, barometric, and accelerometer data. The work presented in this poster utilizes three explosions collected on smartphones with Idaho National Lab. More explosions are planned in the near future at INL and NNSS. These extracted features will be used in machine learning methods in future iterations.

46 - INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AN↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Measurement of the Neutron Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio from a Rosenbluth Technique with Simultaneous Detection of Neutrons and Protons

The internal structure of protons and neutrons provides insight into both the dynamical behavior of the constitute quarks and gluons, and emergent properties of the nucleons (such as mass, spin, and electromagnetic distributions). Elastic electron-nucleon scattering can probe the elastic electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon. The electric and magnetic form factors, respectively, encode information about the internal charge and magnetization distributions within the nucleon. Precision data for these form factors, over a broad range of the four-momentum transfer squared, Q^2, can benchmark theoretical models describing the strong interaction of nuclear physics. The Super BigBite Spectrometer (SBS) program in Hall A at Jefferson Lab, is a series of high-precision experiments which seek to significantly extend the Q^2 reach of previous data for the nucleon electromagnetic form factors. The first two experiments of this program are known as G_M^n and the neutron Two Photon Exchange (nTPE) and the data were collected from October 2021 to February 2022. Both experiments were conducted with the simultaneous measurement of D(e,e'n) and D(e,e'p) reactions for quasi-elastic electron-deuteron scattering. The scattered electrons were detected in the BigBite Spectrometer, which features multiple large-acceptance Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors. The Super BigBite Spectrometer provided simultaneous detection of scattered nucleons, and utilized a large acceptance dipole magnet and Hadron Calorimeter (HCal). The G_M^n experiment provides precision measurements of the neutron magnetic form factor, via the ratio method, over a Q^2 range of 3.0 to 13.5 (GeV/c)2. From this data analysis, preliminary values for G_M^n/µ_n G_D are extracted. For Q^2=4.48 (GeV/c)2 we find G_M^n/µ_n G_D=0.9546±0.0132 and for Q^2=4.476 (GeV/c)2 we find G_M^n/µ_n G_D=0.9563±0.0110. These preliminary G_M^n/µ_n G_D values are more precise than existing world data in this Q^2 regime and are consistent with the most recent parameterization of the G_M^n/µ_n G_D world data. The nTPE experiment provides a first measurement of the neutron Rosenbluth Slope and seeks to quantify the two-photon exchange(TPE) contribution to elastic electron-neutron scattering at a fixed Q^2=4.5 (GeV/c)2 with two different beam energies and scattering angle values. For data of the proton form factor ratio, µ_p G_E^p/G_M^p, significant discrepancies exist between values obtained from Rosenbluth Separation and polarization transfer measurement, particularly at large Q^2, and TPE contributions are thought to resolve this discrepancy. The impacts of TPE contributions have not yet been experimentally established for the neutron. From the data analysis presented in this dissertation, a preliminary result for the neutron Rosenbluth Slope is found as S^n=(G_E^n )^2/t_n (G_M^n )^2=0.0916±0.0476 for Q^2=4.48 (GeV/c)2. This value of the neutron Rosenbluth Slope is consistent with the world data extrapolation and the absence of large TPE corrections.

Wertz, Ezekiel [Thomas Jefferson National Accelera↗
DOE OSTI2016

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Float Inc. BergerABAM Rho-Cee Hybrid WEC

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for Float Inc. During the testing of its 1/50th-scale device, Float Inc. Berger ABAM was deemed ineligible due to the fact that they brought a device with them to test and did not ship the device by the deadline stipulated in the Wave Energy Prize Rules. Because of this, analysis, results, and judging were not completed for this team/device. This submission included files such as: - 1/50th test data (raw & processed) - 1/50th test data video and pictures - 1/50th Test plans and testing documents

1/50th scale↗
DOE OSTI2015

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - IOwec Point Absorber

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Iowec team, and includes: - 1/50th test data (raw & processed) - 1/50th test data video and pictures - 1/50th Test plans and testing documents - SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

1/50th scale↗
DOE OSTI2024

An R Shiny graphical user interface for analyzing, visualizing, and interpreting high precision mass spectrometric data

There is currently a lack of software that meets the needs for the analysis of raw data produced by modern isotope ratio mass spectrometers for both R&D and routine use at SRNL and other US national labs • Needs to accommodate multiple isotope systems, instruments, and manufacturers • Include modern statistical methods and handling/visualization of uncertainty • Flexible software with transparent (no “black box”) and reproducible methods • This project is inspired by existing discipline-specific data analysis software (e.g., Tripoli1 , ET_Redux2 , IsoplotR3) used in the geochemical community • Our goal is to build an open source data analysis software package that focuses on flexibility, transparency, and reproducibility

Labone, Elizabeth↗
DOE OSTI2025

An R shiny graphical user interface for highprecision mass spectrometric data analysis

• There is currently a lack of software that meets the needs for the analysis of raw data produced by modern isotope ratio mass spectrometers for both R&D and routine use at SRNL and other US national labs • Needs to accommodate multiple isotope systems, instruments, and manufacturers • Include modern statistical methods and handling/visualization of uncertainty • Flexible software with transparent (no “black box”) and reproducible methods • This project is inspired by existing discipline-specific data analysis software (e.g., Tripoli1 , ET_Redux2, IsoplotR3) used in the geochemical community • Our goal is to build an open source data analysis software package that focuses on flexibility, transparency, and reproducibility

LABONE, ELIZABETH↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Simple Data-Centric Methodology for Producible Geothermal Well Determinations: Preprint

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has traditionally lacked a standardized methodology for determining if a newly drilled geothermal well is "producible," a designation essential for deciding whether a lease should be "held by production." This is a straightforward problem to solve in oil and gas: Demonstrate that a well is economically viable, meaning it produces sufficient oil or gas to exceed direct operating costs and lease-related expenses, such as rentals or minimum royalties. In geothermal, the problem is more complex: Geothermal wells are tightly coupled with the downstream infrastructure - specifically, the power plant, which is often not designed until well after a lease is deemed as "held by production." Although this designation is critical for advancing geothermal power plant development on BLM-managed lands, current geothermal well assessments often rely on ad hoc approaches that can be complex, operator-biased, and heavy in assumptions related to economic viability. To address this, we have developed two complementary methodologies: a minimum power requirement-based approach and a productivity index (PI)-based approach. These methods leverage key flow test data - pressure, temperature, flow rate, and specific enthalpy - to provide reliable and standardized producible well determinations. The minimum power requirement-based approach evaluates wells against specific power output thresholds informed by reservoir experts and the associated temperature requirements. The PI-based approach assesses well productivity using widely accepted reservoir engineering metrics, proposing a threshold of 2.5 kg/s/bar. Both methods are data-driven and grounded in empirical production data from operational geothermal wells, avoiding uncertain economic assumptions while maintaining decision-making accuracy. Wells falling below key performance thresholds (i.e., PI, specific power) are deemed non-producible. These methodologies aim to streamline BLM's decision-making process, reduce nontechnical barriers to geothermal energy adoption, and enable regulatory expansion into states lacking geothermal expertise. Preliminary results indicate clear trends and thresholds in production data that provide actionable insights for evaluating well producibility. Validation using well completion report (WCR) data is ongoing, with promising results demonstrating the potential for these standardized methodologies to impact geothermal development significantly.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

The Capabilities of the upgraded MIPP experiment with respect to Hypernuclear physics

We describe the state of analysis of the MIPP experiment, its plans to upgrade the experiment and the impact such an upgraded experiment will have on hypernuclear physics. The upgraded MIPP experiment is designed to measure the properties of strong interaction spectra form beams {pi}{sup {+-}}, K{sup {+-}}, and p{sup {+-}}, for momenta ranging from 1 GeV/c to 120 GeV/c. The layout of the apparatus in the data taken so far can be seen in Figure 1. The centerpiece of the experiment is the time projection chamber, which is followed by the time of flight counter, a multi-cell Cerenkov detector and the RICH detector. The TPC can identify charged particles with momenta less than 1 GeV/c using dE/dx, the time of flight will identify particles below approximately 2 GeV/c, the multi-cell Cerenkov detector is operational from 2.5 GeV/c to 14 GeV/c and the RICH detector can identify particles up to 120 GeVc. Following this is an EM and hadronic calorimeter capable of detecting forward going neutrons and photons. The experiment has been busy analyzing its data taken on various nuclei and beam conditions. The table 2 shows the data taken by MIPP I to date. We have almost complete acceptance in the forward hemisphere in the lab using the TPC. The reconstruction capabilities of the TPC can be seen in Figure 3. The particle identification capabilities of the TPC can be seen in Figure 4. The time of flight system provides further measurement of the particles with momenta less than 2 GeV/c. Figure 5 shows the time of flight data where a kaon peak is clearly visible.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Sequential spectral line analysis for accurate density and temperature diagnosis of laboratory opacity measurements

The accuracy of iron opacity calculated in stellar interiors has been questioned since the discovery of the “solar problem” and the discrepancies between the measured and modeled iron opacity reported in 2015. Experimental opacity benchmarks require accurate temperature and density measurements, which were inferred by analyzing tracer magnesium spectra in those experiments. Could the observed discrepancy be explained by insufficient accuracy in the inferred temperature, density, and their uncertainties? Previous analyses may have yielded biased results due to three limitations: (1) simultaneous multi-line fitting, (2) approximations in line-shape models, and (3) exclusion of certain spectral lines due to insufficient background characterization. Notably, the first issue is a common concern for many inversion methods, including Bayesian inferences. We present a refined analysis method that overcomes these limitations, applied to three categories of iron opacity experiments (Anchor 1, 2, and 3). In particular, the sequential fitting method yields unbiased results with more realistic uncertainties by accounting for line inconsistencies in the parameter uncertainties. The average electron temperature and density values are 162 ± 6 eV and (7.0 ± 1.9) × 10 21 cm −3 for six Anchor 1 experiments, 189 ± 7 eV and (3.4 ± 0.3) × 10 22 cm −3 for 21 Anchor 2 experiments, and 201 ± 6 eV and (4.8 ± 1.1) × 10 22 cm −3 for nine Anchor 3 experiments. These results show ∼4% temperature and ∼20% density reproducibility over a decade, which also aligns with the inferred parameter uncertainties. In conclusion, the resulting temperature and density uncertainties lead to a quasi-continuum iron opacity variation of ±4%–7% for wavelengths below 9.5 Å, which is insufficient to explain the significant model-data discrepancies reported in 2015.

Absorption spectroscopy↗
DOE OSTI2022

Performance Testing of a Moving-Bed Gasifier Using Coal, Biomass, and Waste Plastic Blends to Generate White Hydrogen

The objective of this DOE-funded project by the Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. (EPRI), Hamilton Maurer International (HMI) and Sotacarbo S.p.A. (Sotacarbo), is to qualify coal, biomass, and plastic waste blends based on performance testing of selected pellet recipes in a pilot-scale updraft moving-bed gasifier. The testing will provide relevant data to advance the commercial-scale design of the moving-bed gasifier to be able to successfully use these feedstocks to produce hydrogen. In particular, the effects of the waste plastics on feedstock development (i.e., blending and pelletizing) and the resulting products (i.e., syngas compositions, organic condensate production, and ash characteristics) are a focus. The gasifier is Hamilton Mauer International, Inc. (HMI)’s moving-bed gasifier, which has been proven capable of gasifying nearly all coal ranks. It has also shown the ability in prior testing work to gasify wood chips. However, mixtures of these fuels with plastic wastes have not been prepared and gasified together. The feedstocks will be prepared by California Pellet Mill (CPM) under contract to HMI. The technical tasks and current status for this two-year research project are: Feed Procurement and Preparation: Nine different feedstocks were prepared from varying compositions of PRB coal, corn stover biomass, and car fluff waste plastics. Fuel pellets were produced by California Pellet Mill and shipped to Sotacarbo’s test facility in Italy. Test Plan Development: A test plan was created to define the test runs to be performed. The test plan detailed the different tests that were run, instrumentation used, extractive samples taken, and relevant figures of merit. Gasifier Testing: Tests are currently being performed in the pilot-scale gasifier at Sotacarbo using nine different fuel feedstocks generated from varying mixtures of coal, biomass, and plastic wastes. The testing will provide information on gasification reaction efficiency/performance, yielding relevant data for models used to scale up the gasifier design. This task will also include work to reassemble the gasifier at Sotacarbo and perform a baseline 100% coal run. Data Analysis and Reporting: Review of the data, determination of figures of merit, and interpretation of the results to be reported. The results will be used to specify the range of feedstock blends that can be successfully gasified as well as quantify gasifier outputs based on specific blends. This paper will be summarize the pelletizing procedure that insures the viability of the tri-fuel pellets for the gasification runs that are being performed at Sotacarbo’s 30mm up draft moving bed gasifier. Initial gasification tests have been conducted, and all the lab scale tri-fuel pellet gasification runs will be completed by the fall of 2022. Performance data will enable modeling of a full-scale HMI industrial scale gasifier supporting both CHP and Hydrogen production.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Transverse and Longitudinal Response Functions in 4He(e,e’) for the Range 0.55 GeV/c lte |q right-arrow| lte 1.0 GeV/c

In electron scattering off a nuclear target, the Coulomb sum is defined as the integration of the longitudinal response function RL over the energy loss of the incident electron in the quasi-elastic nucleon knock-out process. The Coulomb Sum Rule states that at sufficient high three-momentum-transfer |q-right arrow|, the Coulomb sum should equal to the total number of protons in the nucleus: SL -> 1. Previously, precision data existed only up to |q-right arrow| = 600 MeV/c due to the limited beam energy used, and one data point existed for |q-right arrow| = 1.14 GeV/c but with limited precision. During Jefferson Lab experiment E05-110, electron scattering cross sections were measured in the quasi-elastic region on 4He, 12C, 56Fe and 208Pb targets at four scattering angles (15deg., 60deg., 90deg., 120deg.). The longitudinal and transverse response functions RL and RT were extracted in the momentum transfer range 0.55 GeV/c lte |q-right arrow| lte 1.0 GeV/c using the Rosenbluth separation method. The Coulomb sum was formed in the same |q-right arrow| range. The focus of this thesis is the extraction of RL,T from the 4He target data. Preliminary results on RL,T and the Coulomb sum SL for 4He will be presented. The Coulomb sum for 4He is found to be in good agreement with previous data, and still indicate quenching (SL < 1) for the |q-right arrow| region measured by this experiment.

Jin, Kai↗
DOE OSTI2019

Data Center Energy Efficiency

Private and public sector efforts are underway to reduce energy use in data centers and the Office of Management and Budget’s Data Center Optimization Initiative outlines the energy efficiency requirements and strategies for federal data centers. The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) helps federal agencies meet these requirements. FEMP sponsors the Center of Expertise for Energy Efficiency in Data Centers (CoE), which helps federal agencies and other organizations implement data center energy efficiency projects by supplying technical support, tools, best practices, analyses, and the introduction of technologies. The CoE, located at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, partners with key public and private stakeholders to further efficiency efforts

Center of Expertise for Energy Efficiency in Data ↗
DOE OSTI2024

HyperKube: A Kubernetes Based System for the Automation of Processing and Analysis of Hyperspectral Data Obtained from Multiple Hyperspectral Imaging Systems

Hyperspectral imagery is an emerging field of technology that has enormous potential for remote and proximal sensing in numerous areas of research. The plant phenotyping community is applying this technology to advance the throughput and accuracy of plant phenotypes based on airborne and lab-based hyperspectral imaging technology. Here we report an automated processing and analysis pipeline for four different hyperspectral imaging platforms, discuss the data issues involved, and present a strategy for computing and data architecture to handle hyperspectral data.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2011

Deeply Virtual Exclusive Reactions with CLAS

Deeply virtual exclusive reactions offer an unique opportunity to study the structure of the nucleon at the parton level as one has access to Bjorken x{sub B} and momentum transfer to the nucleon t at the same time. Such processes can reveal much more information about the structure of the nucleon than either inclusive electroproduction or elastic form factors alone. Dedicated experiments to study Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP) have been carried out in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. DVCS helicity–dependent and helicity–independent cross sections and beam spin asymmetries have been measured with CLAS, as well as cross sections and asymmetries for the {pi}{sup }0, {eta} , {rho}{sup }0, {rho}{sup +}, {omega} and {phi} for exclusive electroproduction. The data were taken in a wide kinematic range in Q{sup 2}=1–4.5 GeV{sup 2}, x{sub B}=0.1–0.5, and {absval t} up to 2 GeV{sup 2}. We will discuss the interpretation of these data in terms of traditional Regge and Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) models. The successful description of the recent CLAS pseudoscalar meson exclusive production data by GPD-based model provides a unique opportunity to access the transversity GPDs. We view the work presented in this report as leading into the program of the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade. The increased energy and luminosity will allow us to acquire data at much higher Q{sup 2} and x{sub B}, and perform Rosenbluth L/T separations of the cross sections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗