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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Establishment, test and evaluation of a prototype volcano surveillance system

A volcano-surveillance system utilizing 23 multilevel earthquake counters and 6 biaxial borehole tiltmeters is being installed and tested on 15 volcanoes in 4 States and 4 foreign countries. The purpose of this system is to give early warning when apparently dormant volcanoes are becoming active. The data are relayed through the ERTS-Data Collection System to Menlo Park for analysis. Installation was completed in 1972 on the volcanoes St. Augustine and Iliamna in Alaska, Kilauea in Hawaii, Baker, Rainier and St. Helens in Washington, Lassen in California, and at a site near Reykjavik, Iceland. Installation continues and should be completed in April 1973 on the volcanoes Santiaguito, Fuego, Agua and Pacaya in Guatemala, Izalco in El Salvador and San Cristobal, Telica and Cerro Negro in Nicaragua.

Ward, P. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Room temperature stretch forming of scale space shuttle external tank dome gores. Volume 1: Technical

An account of activities and data gathered in the Room Temperature Stretch Forming of One-third Scale External Tank Bulkhead Gores for space shuttle study, and a tooling design and production cost study are reported. The following study phases are described: (1) the stretch forming of three approximately one-third scale external tank dome gores from single sheets of 2219-T37 aluminum alloy; (2) the designing of a full scale production die, including a determination of tooling requirements; and (3) the determination of cost per gore at the required production rates, including manufacturing, packaging, and shipping.

Blunck, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Track/train dynamics test procedure transfer function test

A transfer function vibration test was made on an 80 ton open hopper freight car in an effort to obtain validation data on the car's nonlinear elastic model. Test configuration, handling, test facilities, test operations, and data acquisition/reduction activities necessary to meet the conditions of test requirements are given.

Vigil, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The use of LANDSAT DCS and imagery in reservoir management and operation

The author has identified the following significant results. The local user terminal has proven the hypothesis that a relatively inexpensive, automatic, and easily maintained ground receive station for satellite relayed data is practical for operational use. Data acquisition activities were expanded to include both the teletype-relayed information as well as that received directly from local user terminals.

Cooper, S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Retransmission of hydrometric data in Canada

The author has identified the following significant results. Results have demonstrated the suitability of satellite retransmission as a means of obtaining near real time data from remote areas in Canada. Capital costs of the equipment installed at a gaging station are reasonable, and indications are that the DCPs do not require much maintenance. The potential impact on water resources data gathering activities is considerable.

Halliday, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Round-Robin approach to data flow optimization

A large data base, circular in structure, was required (for the Voyager Mission to Jupiter/Saturn) with the capability to completely update the data every four hours during high activity periods. The data is stored in key ordered format for retrieval but is not input in key order. Existing access methods for large data bases with rapid data replacement by keys become inefficient as the volume of data being replaced grows. The Round-Robin method was developed to alleviate this problem. The Round-Robin access method allows rapid updating of the data with continuous self cleaning where the oldest data (by key) is deleted and the newest data (by key) is kept regardless of the order of input.

Witt, J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Emission-line spectra of two active regions on the solar limb - 1175-1940 A

Skylab emission-line spectra (1175 to 1940 A) of two active regions on the solar limb are examined. Electron densities for the active regions are derived using the intensity ratios of selected intersystem and allowed lines. The intensity ratios in the active regions are compared with those observed previously in quiet-sun and coronal-hole regions. The behavior of coronal forbidden lines relative to transition-zone lines is discussed along with the solar continuum intensities near and above the limb. These continuum intensities are then compared with those at similar slit positions for the quiet sun and the previously studied coronal hole. The active-region data are found to be consistent with either (1) multithermal loops with the high-temperature plasma occupying the tops of the loops or (2) nearly isothermal loops with the hotter loops extending to higher altitudes.

Feldman, U.↗
NASA NTRS1979

A statistical technique for determining rainfall over land employing Nimbus 6 ESMR measurements

Statistical analysis of the Nimbus 6 ESMR measurements for remote monitoring of active rainfall data over land is presented. Horizontally and vertically polarized brightness temperature pairs from ESMR 6 were sampled for areas of rainfall over land as determined from the rain recording stations and the WSR 57 radar, and wet and dry ground over the southeastern U.S. These three categories of brightness temperatures were significantly different so that the possibilities of the mean vectors of any two populations coinciding were less than 1 in 100, so that classification algorithms were then developed. The Fisher linear classifier, the Bayesian quadratic classifier, and a non-parametric linear classifier were examined, and the Bayesian algorithm performed best. It was concluded that a rainfall area delineated by the Bayesian classifier coincided well with the synoptic-scale rainfall area mapped by ground recording rain data and radar echoes.

Rodgers, E.↗
NASA NTRS1979

A dynamic integrated test for the Space Shuttle

The dynamic integrated test (DIT) has been designed to perform a final checkout of the assembled Space Shuttle vehicle at Kennedy Space Center. The fact that the vehicle is not in a laboratory environment for the test represents a significant constraint in that the use of test equipment is extremely limited, and environment models cannot be used. In essence, the DIT causes the vehicle to believe that it is flying, so that hardware and software systems are exercised much as they would be for a real flight. This technique provides a tool for verifying such items as data bus activity patterns, critical timing sequences, software and hardware moding as a function of flight parameters, absence of EMI problems and other systems interactions which cannot be tested fully in the laboratory.

Brody, S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

An experimental search for causal mechanisms in sun/weather-climatic relationships

The paper presents a description of and preliminary results from an ongoing program designed to study mesospheric and stratospheric responses to specific corpuscular radiations induced by solar activity. Satellite data are used to map correlations between O3 variability and high-latitude energetic phenomena. Two rocket/balloon programs have already been conducted to measure local changes of O3 and electrical parameters in situ, while simultaneously studying the parent electron distributions responsible for the incoming radiations. Plans for mapping the global input of electron precipitation events from the Spacelab are also discussed.

Goldberg, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Active microwave measurements for estimating soil moisture in Oklahoma

Previous research has shown that active and passive microwave sensors can be used to estimate near surface soil moisture. An advantage of the active systems is that they have the capability of high spatial resolution from satellite platforms. Most of the previous research has been conducted on agricultural fields. This study examined the use of active microwave data for estimating the average surface soil moisture for several watersheds located near Chicasha, Oklahoma. Data were collected using P, L, and C band scatterometers, mounted on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration C130B aircraft flying at an altitude of 300 m. Soil moisture data were collected in conjunction with three flights during May 1978. Our results indicated that relationships between the scatterometer data and soil moisture do exist and agree with the results obtained at the University of Kansas.

Jackson, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Market analysis of seismic security systems

This report provides information on the commercialization potential of the NASA Activity Monitor. Data on current commercially available products, market size, and growth are combined with information on the NASA technology and the projected impact of this technology on the market.

Taglio, S.↗
NASA NTRS1981

System data communication structures for active-control transport aircraft, volume 2

The application of communication structures to advanced transport aircraft are addressed. First, a set of avionic functional requirements is established, and a baseline set of avionics equipment is defined that will meet the requirements. Three alternative configurations for this equipment are then identified that represent the evolution toward more dispersed systems. Candidate communication structures are proposed for each system configuration, and these are compared using trade off analyses; these analyses emphasize reliability but also address complexity. Multiplex buses are recognized as the likely near term choice with mesh networks being desirable for advanced, highly dispersed systems.

Hopkins, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The climatic effect of explosive volcanic activity: Analysis of the historical data

By using the most complete available records of direct beam radiation and volcanic eruptions, an historical analysis of the role of the latter in modulating the former was made. A very simple fallout and dispersion model was applied to the historical chronology of explosive eruptions. The resulting time series explains about 77 percent of the radiation variance, as well as suggests that tropical and subpolar eruptions are more important than mid-latitude eruptions in their impact on the stratospheric aerosol optical depth. The simpler climatic models indicate that past hemispheric temperature can be stimulated very well with volcanic and CO2 inputs and suggest that climate forecasting will also require volcano forecasting. There is some evidence that this is possible some years in advance.

Bryson, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Effect of confinement in small space flight size cages on insulin sensitivity of exercise-trained rats

The effect of confinement in small cages (simulating the size to be used in future space Shuttle missions) on insulin sensitivity was studied in rats having an increased insulin sensitivity due to exercise training prior to confinement. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were given to both control and exercise-trained rats before and after placement in the small cages for 7 days. The insulin resistance was assessed by the product of the area of the insulin and glucose curves of the OGTT (IG index). Results show that the values obtained before confinement were one-half as high in exercise-trained rats as those in control rats, reflecting an increased sensitivity to insulin with exercise training. After 7 days confinement, the IG index was found to be not significantly different from initial values for both control and exercise-trained rats. These findings suggest that increased insulin sensitivity in exercise-trained rats persists 7 days after cessation of running activity. The data also indicate that exercise training, before flight, may be beneficial in minimizing the loss of insulin sensitivity expected with decreased use of gravity dependent muscles during exposure to hypogravity in space flight.

Mondon, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Development of the Earth's early crust: Implications from the Beartooth Mountains

The Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming are one of several major uplifts of Precambrian rocks in the northwestern of the Wyoming Province. The range is composed of a wide variety of rock types which record a complex geologic history that extends from early ( 3400 Ma) to late (approx 700 Ma) Precambrian time. The Archean geology of the range is complex and many areas remain unstudied in detail. In this discussion two areas are discussed for which there is considerable structural, geochemical and petrologic information. The easternmost portion of the range (EBT) and the northwesternmost portion, the North Snowy Block (NSB), contain rather extensive records of both early and late Archean geologic activity. These data are used to constrain a petrologic tectonic model for the development of continental crust in this area.

Mueller, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Active microwave measurements of sea ice under fall conditions: The RADARSAT/FIREX fall experiment

A series of measurements of the active microwave properties of sea ice under fall growing conditions was conducted. Ice in the inland waters of Mould Bay, Crozier Channel, and intrepid inlet and ice in the Arctic Ocean near Hardinge Bay was investigated. Active microwave data were acquired using a helicopter borne scatterometer. Results show that multiyear ice frozen in grey or first year ice is easily detected under cold fall conditions. Multiyear ice returns were dynamic due to response to two of its scene constituents. Floe boundaries between thick and thin ice are well defined. Multiyear pressure ridge returns are similar in level to background ice returns. Backscatter from homogeneous first year ice is seen to be primarily due to surface scattering. Operation at 9.6 GHz is more sensitive to the detailed changes in scene roughness, while operation at 5.6 GHz seems to track roughness changes less ably.

Onstott, R. G.↗