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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

NEPTUNE ON TIPTOES: DYNAMICAL HISTORIES THAT PRESERVE THE COLD CLASSICAL KUIPER BELT

The current dynamical structure of the Kuiper Belt was shaped by the orbital evolution of the giant planets, especially Neptune, during the era following planet formation when the giant planets may have undergone planet-planet scattering and/or planetesimal-driven migration. Numerical simulations of this process, while reproducing many properties of the Belt, fail to generate the high inclinations and eccentricities observed for some objects while maintaining the observed dynamically 'cold' population. We present the first of a three-part parameter study of how different dynamical histories of Neptune sculpt the planetesimal disk. Here we identify which dynamical histories allow an in situ planetesimal disk to remain dynamically cold, becoming today's cold Kuiper Belt population. We find that if Neptune undergoes a period of elevated eccentricity and/or inclination, it secularly excites the eccentricities and inclinations of the planetesimal disk. We demonstrate that there are several well-defined regimes for this secular excitation, depending on the relative timescales of Neptune's migration, the damping of Neptune's orbital inclination and/or eccentricity, and the secular evolution of the planetesimals. We model this secular excitation analytically in each regime, allowing for a thorough exploration of parameter space. Neptune's eccentricity and inclination can remain high for a limited amount of time without disrupting the cold classical belt. In the regime of slow damping and slow migration, if Neptune is located (for example) at 20 AU, then its eccentricity must stay below 0.18 and its inclination below 6 Degree-Sign .

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Horizon-preserving dualities and perturbations in non-canonical scalar field cosmologies

We generalize the cosmological duality between inflation and cyclic contraction under the interchange a↔H to the case of non-canonical scalar field theories with varying speed of sound. The single duality in the canonical case generalizes to a family of three dualities constructed to leave the cosmological acoustic horizon invariant. We find three classes of models: (I) DBI inflation, (II) the non-canonical generalization of cyclic contraction, and (III) a new cosmological solution with rapidly decreasing speed of sound and relatively slowly growing scale factor, which we dub stalled cosmology. We construct dual analogs to the inflationary slow roll approximation, and solve for the curvature perturbation in all three cases. Both cyclic contraction and stalled cosmology predict a strongly blue spectrum for the curvature perturbations inconsistent with observations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Novel symmetry-preserving neural network model for phylogenetic inference

Abstract Motivation Scientists world-wide are putting together massive efforts to understand how the biodiversity that we see on Earth evolved from single-cell organisms at the origin of life and this diversification process is represented through the Tree of Life. Low sampling rates and high heterogeneity in the rate of evolution across sites and lineages produce a phenomenon denoted “long branch attraction” (LBA) in which long nonsister lineages are estimated to be sisters regardless of their true evolutionary relationship. LBA has been a pervasive problem in phylogenetic inference affecting different types of methodologies from distance-based to likelihood-based. Results Here, we present a novel neural network model that outperforms standard phylogenetic methods and other neural network implementations under LBA settings. Furthermore, unlike existing neural network models in phylogenetics, our model naturally accounts for the tree isomorphisms via permutation invariant functions which ultimately result in lower memory and allows the seamless extension to larger trees. Availability and implementation We implement our novel theory on an open-source publicly available GitHub repository: https://github.com/crsl4/nn-phylogenetics.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Master equation emulation and coherence preservation with classical control of a superconducting qubit

Open quantum systems are a topic of intense theoretical research. The use of master equations to model a system's evolution subject to an interaction with an external environment is one of the most successful theoretical paradigms. General experimental tools to study different open system realizations have been limited, and so it is highly desirable to develop experimental tools which emulate diverse master equation dynamics and give a way to test open systems theories. In this paper we demonstrate a systematic method for engineering specific system-environment interactions and emulating master equations of a particular form using classical stochastic noise in a superconducting transmon qubit. We also demonstrate that non-Markovian noise can be used as a resource to extend the coherence of a quantum system and counteract the adversarial effects of Markovian environments.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Preservation of loss in linear-optical processing

We propose a measure of quantum efficiency of a multimode state of light that quantifies the amount of optical loss this state has experienced, and prove that this efficiency cannot increase in any linear-optical processing with destructive conditional measurements. Any loss that has affected a state can neither be removed nor redistributed so as to further increase the efficiency in higher-efficiency modes at the expense of lower-efficiency modes. This result eliminates the possibility of catalytically improving photon sources.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Polarization preservation of polarized deuteron beams in the electron ion collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory

The physics program at the future electron ion collider (EIC) calls for polarized neutron beams at high energies. The best neutron carriers are 3 He nuclei and deuterons. Both neutron carriers are expected to be utilized by the spin physics program in the EIC. Owing to the small magnetic moment anomaly of a deuteron particle, significantly higher magnetic fields are required for spin rotation, so that full Siberian snakes are not feasible. However, the resonance strengths are weak, and the number of resonances is small. It is possible to deal with individual resonances using conventional methods such as a betatron tune jump and vertical ac dipole for intrinsic depolarizing resonances, and a weak partial snake for imperfection resonances. This study employed a realistic magnet ramp rate and parameters (both transverse and longitudinal emittances, as well as realistic lattices) to show that it is possible to accelerate polarized deuterons beyond 100 GeV/n. This paper summarizes the details of the feasibility of a polarized deuteron beam for the future EIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Preserving Symmetries for Variational Quantum Eigensolvers in the Presence of Noise

One of the most promising applications of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers is the simulation of molecular Hamiltonians using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). Here, we show that encoding symmetries of the simulated Hamiltonian in the VQE ansatz reduces both classical and quantum resources compared to other widely available ansatze. Through simulations of the H 2 molecule and of a Heisenberg model on a two-dimensional lattice, we verify that these improvements persist in the presence of noise. This is done using both real IBM devices and classical simulations. We also demonstrate how these techniques can be used to find molecular excited states of various symmetries using a noisy processor. We use error-mitigation techniques to further improve the quality of our results.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Characterization and classification of interacting ( 2 + 1 )-dimensional topological crystalline insulators with orientation-preserving wallpaper groups

While free fermion topological crystalline insulators have been largely classified, the analogous problem in the strongly interacting case has been only partially solved. In this work, we develop a characterization and classification of interacting, invertible fermionic topological phases in (2+1) dimensions with charge conservation, discrete magnetic translation and M-fold point group rotation symmetries, which form the group G f = U(1) f × Φ [Z 2 $\rtimes$Z M ] for M = 1,2,3,4, and 6. Φ is the magnetic flux per unit cell. We derive a topological response theory in terms of background crystalline gauge fields, which gives a complete classification of different phases and a physical characterization in terms of quantized response to symmetry defects. We then derive the same classification in terms of a set of real space invariants {$Θ^±_o$} that can be obtained from ground state expectation values of suitable partial rotation operators. We explicitly relate these real space invariants to the quantized coefficients in the topological response theory, and find the dependence of the invariants on the chiral central charge c – of the invertible phase. Finally, when Φ = 0 we derive an explicit map between the free and interacting classifications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Examples of symmetry-preserving truncations in tensor field theory

We consider the tensor formulation of the nonlinear O(2) sigma model and its gauged version (the compact Abelian Higgs model), on a D-dimensional cubic lattice, and show that tensorial truncations are compatible with the general identities derived from the symmetries of these models. This means that the universal properties of these models can be reproduced with highly simplified formulations desirable for implementations with quantum computers or for quantum simulations experiments. We discuss the extensions to global non-Abelian symmetries, discrete symmetries and pure gauge Abelian models.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗