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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Initial exploration of a novel transient arrest system involving fuel heating

A preliminary analysis on a novel accident response system to diminish the severity of super- critical transients was conducted. The novel accident response system, called the instant shock arrest system, involves using electricity to heat the nuclear fuel at the onset of a large accidental reactivity insertion. This system is specifically designed for reactors with metallic fuel, such that the fuel is capable of conducting electricity, and being resistively heated. A reactor dynamics model of the advanced test reactor was created using the point kinetics equations and a linear reactivity feedback model to simulate how the system would effect the maximum fuel temperatures experienced during the transient. Transients with the instant shock arrest system were compared to those without it. It was found that the instant shock arrest system initially heated the fuel more than the unaffected transient but the negative reactivity inserted from such heating was enough to lower the maximum fuel temperature experienced during the transient. After simulating six different accident scenarios with reactivity insertions ranging from 0.5 to 1.3 dollar, it was found that an optimal system response could reduce peak fuel temperatures during the transient by 3.5% to 5%. Furthermore, discussion was given on how the optimal system response could be obtained using relatively simple numerical optimization algorithms due to the smoothness of the optimization problem. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2012

Planning Coverage Campaigns for Mission Design and Analysis: Clasp for the Proposed DESDynI Mission

Mission design and analysis present challenges in that almost all variables are in constant flux, yet the goal is to achieve an acceptable level of performance against a concept of operations, which might also be in flux. To increase responsiveness, our approach is to use automated planning tools that allow for the continual modification of spacecraft, ground system, staffing, and concept of operations while returning metrics that are important to mission evaluation, such as area covered, peak memory usage, and peak data throughput. We have applied this approach to DESDynI (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice) mission design concept using the CLASP (Compressed Large-scale Activity Scheduler/Planner) planning system [7], but since this adaptation many techniques have changed under the hood for CLASP and the DESDynI mission concept has undergone drastic changes, including that it has been renamed the Earth Radar Mission. Over the past two years, we have run more than fifty simulations with the CLASP-DESDynI adaptation, simulating different mission scenarios with changing parameters including targets, swaths, instrument modes, and data and downlink rates. We describe the evolution of simulations through the DESDynI MCR (Mission Concept Review) and afterwards.

DESDynI (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dyn↗
DOE OSTI2024

NSTXU Diagnostic Disruption Dynamic Loading Represented by Response Spectra

This article presents the results of transient dynamic simulations of loads due to disruption eddy currents on the NSTXU vacuum vessel. Dynamic loading at diagnostic mounting locations is expressed as response spectra derived from the time history results of the dynamic structural simulations of a variety of disruption scenarios. The disruption simulations draw on a history of the project assessments of worst case disruptions for specific components. Major efforts to assess disruption loading have included the vacuum vessel which is the major structural support for the machine, as well as the passive plates (PPs), high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) antenna, and centerstack casing. Each one of these efforts included transient electromagnetic simulations producing time-dependent eddy current Lorentz loads (and in some cases halo loads) which then were applied to time-dependent structural dynamic analyses intended to obtain the proper dynamic amplification factors. In some instances, the EM model and structural model were identical allowing direct transfer of EM forces to the structural model. In other cases, the EM and structural model were not identical and the vector potential (VP) transfer method was used. The results files from these analyses were available (or re-run) to post process in ANSYS Classic time history postprocessor. In conclusion, the ANSYS command is used to create response spectra from time history data at desired points on the vessel.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1992

Dynamic Modeling of Solar Dynamic Components and Systems

The purpose of this grant was to support NASA in modeling efforts to predict the transient dynamic and thermodynamic response of the space station solar dynamic power generation system. In order to meet the initial schedule requirement of providing results in time to support installation of the system as part of the initial phase of space station, early efforts were executed with alacrity and often in parallel. Initially, methods to predict the transient response of a Rankine as well as a Brayton cycle were developed. Review of preliminary design concepts led NASA to select a regenerative gas-turbine cycle using a helium-xenon mixture as the working fluid and, from that point forward, the modeling effort focused exclusively on that system. Although initial project planning called for a three year period of performance, revised NASA schedules moved system installation to later and later phases of station deployment. Eventually, NASA selected to halt development of the solar dynamic power generation system for space station and to reduce support for this project to two-thirds of the original level.

Hochstein, John I.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Development of a Continuum Damage Mechanics Material Model of a Graphite-Kevlar(Registered Trademark) Hybrid Fabric for Simulating the Impact Response of Energy Absorbing Kevlar(Registered Trademark) Hybrid Fabric for Simulating the Impact Response of Energy Absorbing

This paper describes the development of input properties for a continuum damage mechanics based material model, Mat 58, within LS-DYNA(Registered Trademark) to simulate the response of a graphite-Kevlar(Registered Trademark) hybrid plain weave fabric. A limited set of material characterization tests were performed on the hybrid graphite-Kevlar(Registered Trademark) fabric. Simple finite element models were executed in LS-DYNA(Registered Trademark) to simulate the material characterization tests and to verify the Mat 58 material model. Once verified, the Mat 58 model was used in finite element models of two composite energy absorbers: a conical-shaped design, designated the "conusoid," fabricated of four layers of hybrid graphite-Kevlar(Registered Trademark) fabric; and, a sinusoidal-shaped foam sandwich design, designated the "sinusoid," fabricated of the same hybrid fabric face sheets with a foam core. Dynamic crush tests were performed on components of the two energy absorbers, which were designed to limit average vertical accelerations to 25- to 40-g, to minimize peak crush loads, and to generate relatively long crush stroke values under dynamic loading conditions. Finite element models of the two energy absorbers utilized the Mat 58 model that had been verified through material characterization testing. Excellent predictions of the dynamic crushing response were obtained.

Jackson, Karen E.↗
DOE OSTI2021

DEM analysis of the effect of interface transition zone on dynamic splitting tensile behavior of high-strength concrete based on multi-phase model

Highlights: • Crushable aggregates with the real geometry shape are generated by using clump-cluster method. • Flat-Joint Model is adopted as the constitutive law. • The tensile strength is almost not affected by ITZ strength when its strength exceeds 0.8 times that of mortar. • A modified formula that can reflect the functional relationship between the ITZ strength and the TDIF is proposed. The tensile strength is one of the main parameters in the design of concrete structures and has an important influence on the cracking performance and durability of concrete materials. As the weak region in concrete, the strength of the interface transition zone (ITZ) directly affects the dynamic mechanical response of concrete. Meanwhile, considering that the tensile performance of concrete is far weaker than its compressive performance, the study of the strength of ITZ is of great significance to the dynamic tensile fracture characteristics and mechanical properties of concrete. In this paper, a method combining 3D scanning technology and Clump-Cluster was proposed to generate a real geometry shape model of crushable aggregate. On this basis, the 3D discrete element model (DEM) of high-strength concrete was constructed using the Flat-Joint Model (FJM). The effects of the ITZ strength on the failure mode, number of microcracks, tensile strength and strain rate effect of high-strength concrete under strain rates from 0.01/s to 100/s were studied by splitting tensile test. The simulation results indicate that the number of microcracks generated decreases with the increase of ITZ strength, and the proportion of ITZ cracks decreases obviously. When the ITZ strength exceeds the critical value of 0.8 times that of mortar, the tensile strength is almost not affected by ITZ strength. In addition, based on the numerical simulation results, a modified formula that can reflect the functional relationship between the ITZ strength and the dynamic increasing factor of the concrete tensile strength (TDIF) is proposed, and the rationality of the TDIF modified formula is verified.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

DART-PFLOTRAN: An ensemble-based data assimilation system for estimating subsurface flow and transport model parameters

Ensemble-based Data Assimilation (EDA), based on the Monte Carlo approach, has been effectively applied to estimate model parameters through inverse modeling in subsurface flow and transport problems. However, implementation of EDA approach involves a complicated workflow that include setting up and executing ensemble forward model simulations, processing observations and model simulation results for parameter updates, and repeat for sequential or iterative EDA. To facilitate the management of such workflow and lower the barriers for adopting EDA-based parameter estimation in subsurface science, we develop a generic software frame-work linking the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) with a massively parallel subsurface FLOw and TRANsport code PFLOTRAN. The new DART-PFLOTRAN leverages both the core data assimilation engines in DART and the computational power afforded by PFLOTRAN. In addition to the standard smoother and filtering options, DART-PFLOTRAN enables an iterative EDA workflow based on the Ensemble Smoother for Multiple Data Assimilation method (ES-MDA) to improve estimation accuracy for nonlinear forward problems. Here, we verify the implementation of ES-MDA in DART-PFLOTRAN using two synthetic cases designed to estimate static permeability and dynamic exchange fluxes across the riverbed, respectively, from continuous temperature measurements made across a depth profile. One-dimensional hydro-thermal simulations are performed in both cases to relate temperature responses with the parameters of interest. In the case of estimating dynamic parameters, we demonstrate the flexibility of DART-PFLOTRAN in automating sequential ES-MDA workflow, which will significantly reduce the time researchers spend on managing complex workflows in similar applications. Both studies yield accurate estimations of the parameters compared to their synthetic truth, while ES-MDA leads to more accurate estimation when a high level of nonlinearity exist between observed responses and unknown parameters. With a code base in Python and Fortran, DART-PFLOTRAN paves the way for applications in large-scale subsurface inverse modeling by automating the complex workflow of sequential ES-MDA that can be executed on various computing platforms.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

A simulation study of test fixture attachment points for vibration test optimization (MEEN 5440 Final Project)

The aerospace industry uses vibration shaker tables to perform component durability testing. These dynamic environments tests often have a hard time replicating the service environment of a component due to a mismatch in the applied force or the boundary condition. Figure 1 shows the desired outcome of a dynamic environments test. The measured responses in a lab test, ideally, should match the measured response of the service environment field test. One way to address the mismatch between field environment and lab environment is with test fixture design. The test fixture attaches the component under test to the shaker table. Single-axis shakers are the industry standard type of shaker table, and, therefore, test fixtures are often rigid in order to minimize cross-axis responses.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1971

A model describing vestibular detection of body sway motion.

An experimental technique was developed which facilitated the formulation of a quantitative model describing vestibular detection of body sway motion in a postural response mode. All cues, except vestibular ones, which gave a subject an indication that he was beginning to sway, were eliminated using a specially designed two-degree-of-freedom platform; body sway was then induced and resulting compensatory responses at the ankle joints measured. Hybrid simulation compared the experimental results with models of the semicircular canals and utricular otolith receptors. Dynamic characteristics of the resulting canal model compared closely with characteristics of models which describe eye movement and subjective responses to body rotational motions. The average threshold level, in the postural response mode, however, was considerably lower. Analysis indicated that the otoliths probably play no role in the initial detection of body sway motion.

Nashner, L. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Dynamic analysis of an open-cycle gas-core nuclear rocket

Reactivity and flow disturbances were used to investigate the transient response of a conceptual open cycle gas core nuclear rocket engine. The disturbances were made with the system initially operating at its steady state design point. Results of the study show that the feedbacks associated with the propellant density and propellant temperature have a dominant effect on the response of the system. Furthermore, there appears to be a rather limited range of values of these propellant feedback coefficients for which the gas core nuclear rocket has a stable response. The system was rather insensitive to a fuel flow rate disturbance, whereas a similar disturbance in the propellant flow rate caused large changes in reactor power. For a similar disturbance in the propellant flow rate caused large changes in reactor power. For most reactivity and flow rate disturbances, the response showed oscillations of various intensity.

Turney, G. E.↗
NASA NTRS1972

NERVA 400E thrust train dynamic analysis

The natural frequencies and dynamic responses of the NERVA 400E engine thrust train were determined for nuclear space operations (NSO), and earth-orbital shuttle (EOS) during launch and boost conditions. For NSO, a mini-tank configuration was analyzed with the forward end of the upper truss assumed fixed at the stage/mini-tank interface. For EOS, both a mini-tank and an engine only configuration were analyzed for a specific engine assembly support (EAS) stiffness. For all cases the effect of the shield on dynamic response characteristics was determined by performing parallel analyses with and without the shield. Gimbaling loads were not generated as that effort was scheduled after the termination date. The analysis, while demonstrating the adequacy of the engine design, revealed serious deficiencies in the EAS. Responses at the unsupported ends of the engine are excessive. Responses at the nuclear subsystem interface appear acceptable. It is recommended that additional analysis and design effort be expended upon the EAS to ensure that all engine responses stay within reasonable bounds.

Vronay, D. F.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The modeling and design of the Annular Suspension and Pointing System /ASPS/

The Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS) is a payload auxiliary pointing device of the Space Shuttle. The ASPS is comprised of two major subassemblies, a vernier and a coarse pointing subsystem. The three functions provided by the ASPS are related to the pointing of the payload, centering the payload in the magnetic actuator assembly, and tracking the payload mounting plate and shuttle motions by the coarse gimbals. The equations of motion of a simplified planar model of the ASPS are derived. Attention is given to a state diagram of the dynamics of the ASPS with position-plus-rate controller, the nonlinear spring characteristic for the wire-cable torque of the ASPS, the design of the analog ASPS through decoupling and pole placement, and the time response of different components of the continuous control system.

Kuo, B. C.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Elastomer mounted rotors - An alternative for smoother running turbomachinery

This paper describes the design of elastomeric bearing supports for a rotor built to simulate the power turbine of an advanced gas turbine engine which traverses two bending critical speeds. The elastomer dampers were constructed so as to minimize rotor dynamic response at the critical speeds. Results are presented of unbalance response tests performed with two different elastomer materials. These results showed that the resonances on the elastomer-mounted rotor were well damped for both elastomer materials and showed linear response to the unbalance weights used for response testing. Additional tests were performed using solid steel supports at either end (hand-mounted), which resulted in drastically increased sensitivity and nonlinear response, and with steel supports in one end of the rotor and the elastomer at the other, which yielded results which were between the soft- and hard-mounted cases. It is concluded that elastomeric supports are a viable alternative to other methods of mounting flexible rotors, that damping was well in excess of predictions and that elastomeric supports are tolerant of small rotor misalignments.

Tecza, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Rotor transient analysis

Undamped modes approximate dynamic behavior of rotors and bearings. Application of modal analysis to uncouple equations of motion simplifies stability, steady-state unbalance response, and transient response analysis of system; nonlinear stability is predicted from calculated frequency spectra. Analysis provides designers with complete information without involving large-scale computational costs. Programs are written in FORTRAN IV for use on CDC 6600 computer.

Allaire, P. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Rotordynamics analysis for the HPFTP (High Pressure Fuel Turbopump) of the SSME (Space Shuttle Main Engine). SSME turbopump technology improvements via transient rotordynamics analysis

The results of both linear (stability and synchronous response) and transient nonlinear analyses are reported. Dynamic coefficients were developed for the HPFTP interstage seals, and introduced into the rotordynamic model. The influence on HPFTP rotordynamics of a change in interstage seals from the smooth stepped design to a smooth straight configuration was examined. The sensitivity of the stability and synchronous results to changes in bearing stiffnesses and damping was determined. The influence on rotordynamic stability of a change from the stiff symmetric bearing carrier design to an asymmetric bearing carrier configuration was also studied.

Childs, D. W.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The interaction between mistuning and friction in the forced response of bladed disk assemblies

This paper summarizes the results of an investigation to establish the impact of mistuning on the performance and design of blade-to-blade friction dampers of the type used to control the resonant response of turbine blades in gas turbine engines. In addition, it discusses the importance of friction slip force variations on the dynamic response of shrouded fan blades.

Griffin, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Characterization of noncontact piezoelectric transducer with conically shaped piezoelement

The characterization of a dynamic surface displacement transducer (IQI Model 501) by a noncontact method is presented. The transducer is designed for ultrasonic as well as acoustic emission measurements and, according to the manufacturer, its characteristic features include a flat frequency response range which is from 50 to 1000 kHz and a quality factor Q of less than unity. The characterization is based on the behavior of the transducer as a receiver and involves exciting the transducer directly by transient pulse input stress signals of quasi-electrostatic origin and observing its response in a digital storage oscilloscope. Theoretical models for studying the response of the transducer to pulse input stress signals and for generating pulse stress signals are presented. The characteristic features of the transducer which include the central frequency f sub o, quality factor Q, and flat frequency response range are obtained by this noncontact characterization technique and they compare favorably with those obtained by a tone burst method which are also presented.

Williams, James H., Jr.↗