National objectives in space, how and why they affect the educational process: A university engineer's view
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Anliker, M.↗
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Government, industry, university: Research partners and/or competitors? National Aeronautics and Space Administration Laboratory view
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Hess, W.↗
Government, industry, university: Research partners and/or competitors? Industry view
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Walt, M., IV↗
Government, industry, university: Research partners and/or competitors? Nonprofit organization and university view
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White, R. S.↗
Transmission line inversion and synthesis from the point of view of transient response
The transmission line inversion problem is applied to the speech communication process. The problem involves acquiring information necessary for synthesis of speech and for making models of the speech production mechanism. Formulation for the problem is derived from an analysis of the human vocal tract functions. It is known that speech sounds are produced by acoustic excitation of the tract by means of quasi-periodic pulses from the vocal cords during vowel sounds and turbulent air flow at various points along the tract during fricative sounds. By assuming plane wave propagation, differential equations are obtained relating the cross sectional area of the tract, the pressure, and the volume velocity. By replacing the pressure factor with a voltage factor and the volume velocity by current, the problem becomes a transmission line problem.
Sondhi, M. M.↗
Space benefits to mankind as seen from a French point of view
Benefits to mankind from space as determined from the French space programs are outlined. Data cover improved photographs for predicting numerical atmospheric parameters, monitoring natural resources via satellite from increased aircraft and balloon heights, and the use of satellites as navigation aids. The use of space research to improve international cooperation is also discussed.
Pujes, J. M.↗
Analyses of solar viewing time, beta angle, and doppler shift for solar observations from the space shuttle
Studies of solar physics phenomena are aided by the ability to observe the sun from earth orbit without periodic occultation. Charts are presented for the selection of suitable orbits about the earth at which a spacecraft is continuously illuminated through a period of a few days. Selection of the orbits considers the reduction of Doppler shift and wavefront attenuation due to relative orbital velocity and residual earth atmosphere.
Brandon, J. P.↗
Occupational Medical Trends in the 70's from Industrial View
Industrial health measures to ensure worker productivity constitute physical examinations as well as environmental control systems. Considered are automatic record keeping facilities for case histories, preventive medical and mental counselling, development of safety standards, and health insurance and disability benefit plans. Cooperation of industry health programs with community health aspects is required to eliminate the loss of manpower capability through alcoholism or mental disease.
Williamson, S. M.↗
Biomass in the upwelling areas along the northwest coast of Africa as viewed with ERTS-1
Biomass determination in upwelling water of northwestern coast of Africa from ERTS-1 imagery
Szekielda, K.↗
ERTS-1 Views the Great Lakes Area
ERTS-1 study of mesoscale atmospheric phenomena associated with Great Lakes
Lyons, W. A.↗
Views on computer program documentation and automation
Various aspects of the problem of program documentation and description are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the problem of semantics. It is pointed out that the information produced by documentation of a program, if presented to several different groups, may mean entirely different things to these groups. Recognition of the fact that people look at problems differently is proposed as a more practical approach to the problem of documentation rather than extensive use of standards or strict formatting. The difficulties involved in searching for ways to provide a common ground for the transmission and use of information are discussed.
Grosch, H. R.↗
ERTS-1 views the Great Lakes
The meteorological content of ERTS images, particularly mesoscale effects of the Great Lakes and air pollution dispersion is summarized. Summertime lake breeze frontal clouds and various winter lake-effect convection patterns and snow squalls are revealed in great detail. A clear-cut spiral vortex over southern Lake Michigan is related to a record early snow storm in the Chicago area. Marked cloud changes induced by orographic and frictional effects on Lake Michigan's lee shore snow squalls are seen. The most important finding, however, is a clear-cut example of alterations in cumulus convection by anthropogenic condensation and/or ice nuclei from northern Indiana steel mills during a snow squall situation. Jet aircraft condensation trails are also found with surprising frequency.
Lyons, W. A.↗
Biomass in the upwelling areas along the northwest coast of Africa as viewed with ERTS-1
Light penetration in water is affected by plankton, algae, and dissolved and suspended matter. As a consequence, the composition of backscattered light from below the air-sea interface is determined by the nature of the constituents in the water column. In contrast to the absorption spectrum of chemically pure chlorophyll in solution, algae suspensions absorb and scatter light more uniformly throughout the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because of their spectral absorption and scattering properties plankton concentration can be estimated by measuring the spectral backscattered radiance over water. Experiments using this approach were performed in upwelling regions along the northwest coast of Africa.
Szekielda, K.↗
One Airline's View of Mergers
Specific cases of airline mergers are discussed to show the legal aspects involved and the procedures followed. The effects of the mergers on the airlines involved are analyzed. The impact of the mergers on management, personnel, and the overall airline operations is reported.
Colodny, E. I.↗
Evaluation of data utility for earth sciences from methodical point of view
The author has identified the following signficant results. A very distinct line representing the Ra-substage of the last deglaciation period is observable around the outer parts of the Oslo fjord. The moraine line is also traceable in some parts of the forest district on the Swedish side of the border forming part of the Central Swedish End Moraines. In the area of Lake Vanern to the southeast, the line is then again more distinct, partly due to the cultivation pattern. Outside the Central Swedish Moraine Line and nearer to the coast another not so distinct moraine line could be observed running NNW-SSE. This line crosses the coastline before reaching the Oslo fjord. Probably the moraine deposits on some outer islands in the fjord constitute part of this older moraine line. The study will be extended to districts of southern Sweden, where old moraine lines of the last deglaciation period are incompletely mapped.
Svensson, H.↗
A near-infrared view of the Uranus system.
An image intensifying tube placed at the f/10 Cassegrain focus of an 88-in. reflector telescope was used together with a narrow filter centered at the 8870-A methane band to obtain near-infrared photographs of Uranus and its satellites. Good images of Uranus were obtained with a 1-min exposure, while the faintest satellite Miranda was well recorded in about one hour. The short-exposure photograph of Uranus shows that the limb is brighter than the center of the disk and brightest at the south pole. The explanation for the brightening of the limb and pole seems to be haze in the planet's upper atmosphere.
Sinton, W. M.↗
A business man views commercial ventures in space.
Paper reviews technical, resource planning and marketing steps an industrial organization must perform in arriving at a decision to undertake space development and production of commercial products or services for Users on the ground. Technical elements are supported by particular examples. Analysis of required resources emphasizes facility and financial inter-relationships between commercial organizations and NASA. Marketing planning covers elements of profitability. Paper addresses questions related to protection of corporate stockholders and public interest, investment decision timing, budget variations. Paper concludes with observations on timeliness of planning shuttle-based commercial ventures and on key industry/NASA problems and decisions.
Scarff, D. D.↗
Responses of indigenous microorganisms to soil incubation as viewed by transmission electron microscopy of cell thin sections.
Indigenous soil microorganisms were cultivated in their soil habitat with 50% moisture capacity at 30 C for two weeks. Changes in microorganism cells were studied by electron microscopy during incubation, with particular attention to the dormant cell growth and to the ability of cystlike cells to germinate and reencyst. The responses of various cell species to incubation conditions are described and illustrated by photomicrographs.
Bae, h. C.↗