Results for “DETAIL” — Page 44

DOE OSTI2026

A Co-Simulation Framework for Steady-State Analyses of Multiple Droop-based MTdc Grids in Continental-Scale Systems

The growing scale and complexity of planning continental hybrid ac and multi-terminal dc (MTdc) systems require scalable steady-state modeling and analysis approaches not currently available in commercial tools. This paper presents a comprehensive multi-fidelity model-conversion framework that enables the efficient transition of MTdc grid models from production cost modeling (PCM) and approximated ac power flow to detailed ac–MTdc power flow for large-scale planning studies. The core of this framework is a scalable co-simulation approach that, for the first time, enables power flow analysis in continental-scale ac–MTdc systems. It seamlessly couples commercial ac solvers with a detailed MTdc grid model that incorporates droop-based control and current-limiting strategies of multiple meshed MTdc grids. Leveraging this capability, an evaluation framework to systematically assess and compare different MTdc power redispatch strategies under ac and dc contingencies is introduced. The proposed framework and algorithm are evaluated using a combined Western and Eastern Interconnection system with 11 MTdc grids of various sizes, showing a coherent transition from PCM to detailed ac–MTdc power flow and improved system performance in voltage regulation and line overload mitigation following typical contingencies.

Nguyen, Quan H.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Linear Solvers for Collector Systems of Generalized Large-scale Inverter-Based Resources

Collector systems for inverter-based resources (IBRs) are typically represented by equivalent circuits for electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations. Recent studies have revealed that modeling a detailed collector system is essential to accurately represent the behavior of IBRs, especially when dealing with partial tripping during external disturbances. However, there are several challenges in simulating a detailed EMT model of a collector system due to the time required to simulate such systems. Thus, this paper investigates the modeling of a detailed collector system, taking into account its configuration and components as defined in IEEE standard 2800. The configurations include the collector systems of generalized large-scale IBR plants. The components include the main IBR transformer, collector bus, and feeders with lines and/or cables. The EMT model of the collector system is represented by differential algebraic equations (DAEs) that are discretized to form linear equations that are solved using linear solvers. In this paper, linear solvers are proposed based on the Schur complement method, which are utilized for simulation of the EMT model of collector systems of generalized large-scale IBRs to accelerate simulation speed while maintaining the accuracy of the results. The proposed solvers are verified by comparing the performance to that of linear solvers provided in MATLAB.

Choi, Jongchan↗

DOE OSTI2025

How novel is protactinium: Insights into the structure and properties of (PaO) 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (H 2 O) 2

Because of the scarcity of protactinium and the challenges associated with its separation and crystallization, even in sulfuric acid media where protactinium is relatively stable, there has been an incomplete understanding of the structural features of protactinium complexes. The characterization of protactinium sulfate complexes has been limited to those in solution, which have left key details unaddressed since the 1960s. This report describes a synthetic strategy to crystallize a protactinium complex using boric acid and sulfuric acid. Herein, the authors detail the results of hydrothermal synthesis and the single-crystal analysis of a novel protactinium sulfate complex, (PaO) 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (H 2 O) 2 . This work has elucidated structural features, providing groundwork for accurate computational analysis and clarifying previously unknown details on the coordination, denticity, and binding properties of protactinium sulfate complexes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2025

Microreactor Optimization Using Simulation And Economics (mouse)

Microreactor Optimization Using Simulation and Economics (MOUSE) is a tool that integrates both nuclear microreactor design and reactor economics to provide comprehensive evaluations and optimizations. This tool enables stakeholders to explore the interplay between technical and economic variables, guiding them towards effective and competitive microreactor solutions. For the reactor core simulations, MOUSE leverages the OpenMC Monte Carlo Particle Transport Code to perform detailed core simulations for various microreactor designs. The included OpenMC models are 2D core designs of a Liquid Metal Thermal Microreactor (LMTR), a Gas-Cooled TRISO-Fueled Microreactor (GCMR), and a Heat Pipe Microreactor. Beyond core design, MOUSE includes simplified calculations for: - Calculating the masses of heat exchangers within the system. - Mechanical power of pumps. - Estimating the area occupied by various buildings within the nuclear plant. For the economic analysis, MOUSE provides detailed bottom-up cost estimates, encompassing a wide range of costs including preconstruction costs, direct costs, indirect costs, training costs, financial costs, operation & maintenance (O&M) costs, and fuel costs. These cost estimations are developed using data from the MARVEL project and additional literature sources, enabling the calculation of total capital costs and levelized cost of energy for both first-of-a-kind and nth-of-a-kind microreactors. MOUSE also enables analysis of the cost drivers and competitiveness in the electricity market. MOUSE allows users to modify a wide array of technical and economic parameters to evaluate different scenarios and their impacts. Examples of these parameters include: Fuels, coolants, or reflector materials Enrichment levels Control drum materials and geometry Fuel pin geometry and materials Moderator pin geometry and materials Reactor core and reflector dimensions Packing factor for the TRISO particles Nuclear reactor power and reactor burnup Number of sensors Shielding thickness Reactor vessel and guard vessel dimensions Operational staff requirements Number of emergency shutdowns Levelization period Interest rate Construction duration Since MOUSE is powered by the WATTS toolkit, it supports optimization studies, parametric analyses, and uncertainty calculations/propagation. The optimization techniques enable users to identify optimal design and economic configurations. The parametric analysis tools allow users to explore the sensitivity of various parameters, while uncertainty propagation helps quantify the impact of uncertainties on overall performance and cost. User Interface and Workflow: Currently, MOUSE is a command-line-based tool. Users can input various reactor design or economic parameters, modify the designs, run simulations, and visualize results through comprehensive data visualization and reporting capabilities. The typical workflow involves setting up the reactor model, defining economic parameters, running simulations, and analyzing the results to make informed decisions. By combining advanced design calculations with detailed economic modeling, MOUSE provides a robust framework for optimizing nuclear microreactor technologies, enhancing their competitiveness, and guiding stakeholders towards innovative and cost-effective solutions.

Hanna, Botros [Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Id↗

DOE OSTI2026

CONUS-wide Projected Flood Frequency and Uncertainty Estimates, Version 1.0

This dataset presents a large-ensemble of CONUS-wide projected flood frequency and uncertainty estimates across ~2.7 million NHDPlusV2 river reaches over the CONUS. The framework producing this dataset leverages a multi-model, uncertainty-aware modeling framework that allows evaluating shifts in flood frequences at the stream reach level across the CONUS. CONUS-wide ensemble streamflow projections generated from hydrologic simulations driven by downscaled and bias-corrected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) outputs are used to derive these flood frequency and uncertainty estimates over the period 1980 - 2099. A spatially consistent regional L-moment algorithm is applied across clusters defined by the US Hydrologic Unit Code Subregions (HUC4s and HUC8s) and NHDPlusV2 stream orders to estimate flood frequencies. The dataset also includes at-site based flood estimates that allow for the comparison between local and regional approach-based estimates, assess projected changes, and characterize their uncertainties. For more reliable estimation of rare flood frequencies such as 500 and 1000-year return periods, super-ensemble based estimates are also included in the dataset. This dataset is derived to support the "Impact-Informed Dam Safety Risk Assessment for Securing Hydropower Assests" project for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hydropower and Hydrokinetic Office (H2O). For further details, refer to Kao et al. (2022), Ghimire et al. (2023), Ghimire et al. (2025), and Hosking and Wallis (1997).

Ghimire, Ganesh [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000242843941)↗

DOE OSTI2026

EAGLE-I Power Outage Data 2025

The provided EAGLE-I historic dataset includes power outage information at the county level for 2025 at 15-minute intervals collected by the EAGLE-I program at ORNL. The data has been collected from utility's public outage maps using an ETL process. The dataset details FIPS code, county name, state name, total number of customers without power, and a date/timestamp. For detailed metadata, refer to the linked metadata DOI.

EAGLE-I↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 National Household Travel Survey - Oahu Add-On

# 2022 National Household Travel Survey – Oahu Add-On The Oahu add-on survey supplements the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) with additional household samples and detailed travel behavior for an assigned travel day. ## Data Collection Agency The Federal Highway Administration conducted the NHTS and corresponding add-on surveys. ## Survey Methodology The 2022 NHTS, which covered assigned travel dates from January 2022 to January 2023, collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies—like the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization—had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 7,397 participants from 3,170 households in Oahu, Hawaii, as well as detailed information on the travel behavior of each household for a designated 24-hour period. The survey logged over 14,868 trips totaling 165,000 vehicle miles traveled.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2026

Vegetation classification map and covariates associated with NEON AOP survey, East River, CO 2018

This package includes geospatial data layers developed to investigate how environmental gradients—specifically topography and near-surface soil properties—drive the spatial arrangement of dominant plant communities in mountainous watersheds. The geospatial products, which support the analysis of these ecological relationships, are derived from airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR datasets acquired by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Airborne Observation Platform (AOP), in conjunction with an extensive ground field campaign conducted in summer 2018. This work is part of the DOE Watershed Function Science Focus Area (SFA) and features geospatial datasets developed based on observations and ground data collected at East River, Colorado, in collaboration with the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) survey in June 2018. Classification Map: - Classification Map (PNG, GeoTIFF): Derived from hyperspectral and LiDAR airborne data using a machine learning approach. - Class Code Mapper (CSV): Associates pixel values with corresponding vegetation/non-vegetation classes. - Classification Reference Data (CSV): Reference data used in the machine learning procedure. LiDAR-Derived Products: - Topographical Metrics (GeoTIFFs): Elevation, slope, curvature, TWI, TPI, solar insolation, and canopy height model (CHM), smoothed with a 5x5 pixel window. Vegetation Indices: - GeoTIFFs of NDVI, NDNI, NDWI: Vegetation indices derived from hyperspectral data. Urban Masks: - Urban Mask (GeoTIFF): Applied to the mapping to convert bare soil classes to urban classes. Software Compatibility: GeoTIFFs: Can be visualized with GIS software or libraries that support GeoTIFF images. CSV Files: Can be opened with any software that handles comma-separated values. The FLMD file provides details and links to the source datasets used to derive the products. The manuscript (in the Method session) provides details on how each product was derived. This work was supported by the Watershed Function Science Focus Area at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Update on 2026-03-25: Since the original dataset publication date of 02/28/2020, this package has a new classification map derived by an improved methodology. This update also includes additional ground data that improved the representation of some of the communities. See the methods for further details on what has changed between versions.

2018 NEON and 2025 CHESS Campaigns↗

DOE OSTI2025

Laboratory time series moisture manipulative experiment from sediment across San Antonio, Texas: time series aerobic respiration and geochemistry

This dataset supports a broader study examining the effects of wetting and drying on hyporheic zone respiration. The dataset provides data generated from a laboratory moisture manipulation experiment. The contents include time series aerobic respiration and moisture; dissolved oxygen; sediment geochemistry data; and field metadata (including qualitative information on instream and river corridor characteristics). Samples were collected as part of the WHONDRS Allison Veach collaboration (AV1). The data package associated with the AV1 study is available at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi:10.15485/2529428. AV1 sampling occurred across 7 perennial and 7 intermittent streams in San Antonio, Texas. Each stream/site was visited both in summer during base flow (July-September 2023) and winter during peak flow (January-February 2024). This study uses subsamples from a subset of AV1 samples. The original field samples were labeled as AV1_###. Subsequent subsamples for this study were labeled as EV_###. The labels from the field samples and the EV subsamples can be mapped directly based on the digits following the prefix and underscore (i.e., EV_001 is a subsample from AV1_001). See the critical details section below for more details on sample naming. For details on how to navigate data packages generated by this project, see https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/portals/PNNLRiverCorridorSFA/About. This dataset is comprised of one main data folder containing (1) file-level metadata; (2) data dictionary; (3) field metadata; (4) readme; (5) field protocol; and a (6) a subfolder with sediment sample data from the incubation experiment. The sample data subfolder contains (1) effect size; (2) iron (II); (3) gravimetric moisture; (4) respiration rates; (5) raw dissolved oxygen values and plots; (6) specific conductance; (7) pH; (8) temperature; (9) a summary containing mean, median, and standard deviation values of each data type for each treatment (wet and dry); and (10) methods codes. All files are .csv or.pdf.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗