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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Automating the U.S. Space Station's electrical power system

NASA's Lewis Research Center is developing a highly automated system for the generation, storage and distribution of electrical power aboard the projected Space Station. This autonomous power system will employ conventional algorithms, enhanced by expert systems, to schedule power, allocate energy, diagnose causes of failure, propose goals, prepare plans for their implementation, evaluate their consequences, and select optimum plans for their execution. While crew-interactive expert systems will be ready for the initial Space Station, total system autonomy is expected to require additional development time.

Dolce, James L.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Facility Upgrade/Replacement Tasks ('planned') at the NASA Glenn Research Center 10x10 Supersonic Wind Tunnel

Facility upgrades and large maintenance tasks needed at the NASA Glenn 10x10 Supersonic Wind Tunnel requires significant planning to make sure implementation proceeds in an efficiently and cost effective manner. Advanced planning to secure the funding, complete design efforts and schedule the installation needs to be thought out years in advance to avoid interference with wind tunnel testing. This presentation describes five facility tasks planned for implementation over the next few years. The main focus of the presentation highlights the efforts on possible replacement of the diesel generator and the rationale behind the effort.

Giriunas, Julius A.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Successful Implementation of a Natural Resource Restoration Plan at the Fernald Preserve - 19568

The Fernald Preserve, Ohio, Site is a former uranium-processing plant that underwent extensive remediation pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). It is situated on a 425-hectare (ha) (1050-acre) tract of land, approximately 29 kilometers (km) (18 miles) northwest of Cincinnati, Ohio. The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management is responsible for management of the site. Site remediation and subsequent ecological restoration have converted the site from an industrial production facility to an undeveloped park, encompassing a series of wetlands, prairies, and forested communities. The remediation of buildings and contaminated soil was completed in 2006, but aquifer remediation is ongoing. Portions of the site are open to the public, including approximately 11 km (7 miles) of walking trails that are open year-round and a Fernald Preserve Visitors Center open four days a week. Stakeholders were instrumental in providing recommendations for final land use of the site as an undeveloped park with an emphasis on wildlife. Final land use decisions were also instrumental in the resolution of a CERCLA natural resource damage claim. The State of Ohio sued DOE in 1986 for damages to state natural resources under Section 107 of CERCLA. The suit was stayed until completion of all Records of Decision (RODs) for the site. The last ROD was signed in 1996. DOE, which was both a Natural Resource Trustee (NRT) and a potentially responsible party (PRP) under CERCLA, initiated consultation with other site NRTs in 1993. A Trustee Council was formed that included DOE, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (representing the State of Ohio), and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (representing the US Department of the Interior). The NRTs agreed collectively to conduct sitewide ecological restoration, consistent with the stakeholder vision of final land use. A conceptual restoration plan was drafted in 1998. This Natural Resource Restoration Plan (NRRP) developed goals for site restoration, as well as provisions for monitoring and maintenance of restored areas. The NRTs signed a Memorandum of Understanding in 2001, and DOE integrated ecological restoration design and construction into remediation and closure activities for the site. The NRT relationship became contentious in the following years as a result of a disagreement over monitoring commitments and compensation for groundwater injury. Final settlement was reached in 2008. As part of the settlement, DOE paid $13.75 million into the NRT fund as compensation for natural resource damages. In addition, the NRRP was finalized, and long-term commitments for monitoring and maintenance of ecologically restored areas were put in place. An Environmental Covenant was established and recorded with Hamilton and Butler Counties that ensures site activity and use limitations remain in place. The NRTs used a portion of the settlement funds to initiate the Paddys Run Conservation Project. This effort is a means to secure development rights and conservation easements within the Paddys Run watershed. Paddys Run is a third-order stream located on the western side of the Fernald Preserve. The NRTs partnered with Three Valley Conservation Trust to obtain assistance with land acquisition and conservation easement management, and since the program's inception in the Fall of 2012, more than 1820 ha (4500 acres) have been permanently protected via easement or purchase. Future decisions by the NRTs regarding monitoring and maintenance of restored areas will be negotiated in 2020. The site Restored Area Maintenance Plan (RAMP) was developed in 2010. The RAMP is a requirement within the NRRP and is scheduled for review following 10 years of implementation. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-T-644: QuAArC: A 3D VMAT QA System Based On Radiochromic Film and Monte Carlo Simulation of Log Files

Purpose: VMAT involves two main sources of uncertainty: one related to the dose calculation accuracy, and the other linked to the continuous delivery of a discrete calculation. The purpose of this work is to present QuAArC, an alternative VMAT QA system to control and potentially reduce these uncertainties. Methods: An automated MC simulation of log files, recorded during VMAT treatment plans delivery, was implemented in order to simulate the actual treatment parameters. The linac head models and the phase-space data of each Control Point (CP) were simulated using the EGSnrc/BEAMnrc MC code, and the corresponding dose calculation was carried out by means of BEAMDOSE, a DOSXYZnrc code modification. A cylindrical phantom was specifically designed to host films rolled up at different radial distances from the isocenter, for a 3D and continuous dosimetric verification. It also allows axial and/or coronal films and point measurements with several types of ion chambers at different locations. Specific software was developed in MATLAB in order to process and evaluate the dosimetric measurements, which incorporates the analysis of dose distributions, profiles, dose difference maps, and 2D/3D gamma index. It is also possible to obtain the experimental DVH reconstructed on the patient CT, by an optimization method to find the individual contribution corresponding to each CP on the film, taking into account the total measured dose, and the corresponding CP dose calculated by MC. Results: The QuAArC system showed high reproducibility of measurements, and consistency with the results obtained with the commercial system implemented in the verification of the evaluated treatment plans. Conclusion: A VMAT QA system based on MC simulation and high resolution dosimetry with film has been developed for treatment verification. It shows to be useful for the study of the real VMAT capabilities, and also for linac commissioning and evaluation of other verification devices.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2015

MO-G-304-04: Generating Well-Dispersed Representations of the Pareto Front for Multi-Criteria Optimization in Radiation Treatment Planning

Purpose: To present a novel multi-criteria optimization (MCO) solution approach that generates well-dispersed representation of the Pareto front for radiation treatment planning. Methods: Different algorithms have been proposed and implemented in commercial planning software to generate MCO plans for external-beam radiation therapy. These algorithms consider convex optimization problems. We propose a grid-based algorithm to generate well-dispersed treatment plans over Pareto front. Our method is able to handle nonconvexity in the problem to deal with dose-volume objectives/constraints, biological objectives, such as equivalent uniform dose (EUD), tumor control probability (TCP), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), etc. In addition, our algorithm is able to provide single MCO plan when clinicians are targeting narrow bounds of objectives for patients. In this situation, usually none of the generated plans were within the bounds and a solution is difficult to identify via manual navigation. We use the subproblem formulation utilized in the grid-based algorithm to obtain a plan within the specified bounds. The subproblem aims to generate a solution that maps into the rectangle defined by the bounds. If such a solution does not exist, it generates the solution closest to the rectangle. We tested our method with 10 locally advanced head and neck cancer cases. Results: 8 objectives were used including 3 different objectives for primary target volume, high-risk and low-risk target volumes, and 5 objectives for each of the organs-at-risk (OARs) (two parotids, spinal cord, brain stem and oral cavity). Given tight bounds, uniform dose was achieved for all targets while as much as 26% improvement was achieved in OAR sparing comparing to clinical plans without MCO and previously proposed MCO method. Conclusion: Our method is able to obtain well-dispersed treatment plans to attain better approximation for convex and nonconvex Pareto fronts. Single treatment plan can be achieved when given bounds on the objectives.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Community for Polar Early Career Researchers Engaging With the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee

The Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) is tasked with implementation of the Arctic Research Plan (ARP) by coordinating representatives from federal and state agencies, academic, industry, and Indigenous partners with interests in Arctic research. IARPC is organized into several collaboration teams and discipline-specific communities of practice that interface on the IARPC Collaborations website. The Early Career Community of Practice (ECCoP) is one such community that was established to promote the research of early career researchers (ECR) and increase ECR engagement with the ARP, program managers, collaboration teams, and communities of practice. The ECCoP has grown to develop regular newsletters promoting recent ECR research publications ad sharing training, job, funding, and collaboration opportunities relevant to community members at all life stages that self-identify as ECRs. Within IARPC, the ECCoP continues to promote ECR participation in monthly community of practice meetings and webinars and to report on ECR efforts that contribute to deliverables of the ARP Biennial Implementation Plan. Recent activity of the ECCoP includes developing an annual survey of the ECR cohort on IARPC to follow change in demographics over time and to identify community needs to improve diversity and inclusion in the polar research space and to address gaps in training needs for ECRs.

Katy Smith↗
DOE OSTI2017

Integrated Facilities and Infrastructure Plan.

Our facilities and infrastructure are a key element of our capability-based science and engineering foundation. The focus of the Integrated Facilities and Infrastructure Plan is the development and implementation of a comprehensive plan to sustain the capabilities necessary to meet national research, design, and fabrication needs for Sandia National Laboratories’ (Sandia’s) comprehensive national security missions both now and into the future. A number of Sandia’s facilities have reached the end of their useful lives and many others are not suitable for today’s mission needs. Due to the continued aging and surge in utilization of Sandia’s facilities, deferred maintenance has continued to increase. As part of our planning focus, Sandia is committed to halting the growth of deferred maintenance across its sites through demolition, replacement, and dedicated funding to reduce the backlog of maintenance needs. Sandia will become more agile in adapting existing space and changing how space is utilized in response to the changing requirements. This Integrated Facilities & Infrastructure (F&I) Plan supports the Sandia Strategic Plan’s strategic objectives, specifically Strategic Objective 2: Strengthen our Laboratories’ foundation to maximize mission impact, and Strategic Objective 3: Advance an exceptional work environment that enables and inspires our people in service to our nation. The Integrated F&I Plan is developed through a planning process model to understand the F&I needs, analyze solution options, plan the actions and funding, and then execute projects.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Lessons Learned from the Development of the DGR Konrad - 19619

The Federal Republic Germany builds the deep geological repository Konrad. The repository is suitable for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LAW and MAW) and it is the first German repository site, which is not located in a salt geological formation. Konrad is a former iron ore mine in Salzgitter (in southeast Lower Saxony) with an active production time between 1961 and 1976. In 2007, the BGE started with the conversion of the mine infrastructure above and underground to build the repository while using the shafts and some roadways of the former mine. The experiences gained from ten years project progress with its complexities and difficulties can be used for similar repository projects in the future. The Konrad repository is designed for 303,000 m{sup 3} of LAW and MAW, which will be emplaced in chambers. The emplacement chambers are located outside of the existing mine, so an impairment by the old mine workings can be excluded. So far, the first area with emplacement chambers has been excavated. In order to be able to start repository operations in 2027, a wide range of work in building construction, civil engineering, shaft sinking and infrastructure development above and below ground has been necessary and will be completed in the next years. The main activities are focused on the Konrad 1 and 2 sites and the part of the infrastructure located in the future control area, which is used for repository operations. There are still many challenges to overcome in the Konrad repository project, although many processes have been put on the right track in recent years. Looking back on past activities and in the cautious preview, this paper gives some indications from which lessons can be drawn and should be applied to similar projects in the future. - Prefer small dimensions for the infrastructure, such as insets and roadway cross-section, and the appropriate machinery and handling equipment; - Detailed process planning for construction in existing infrastructure in the run-up to implementation; - Intensive communication with contracted partners on the preparation of planning documents for nuclear examination procedures and ensuring an excellent contract management; - Early start of the implementation planning for projects under nuclear law, taking into account the relevant boundary conditions; - Ensuring the support of the project by the local community and other stakeholders. Overall, the use of parts of the existing above and underground infrastructure for the construction of a new repository is more difficult than for a complete new construction. But using the shafts of an existing mine delivers the advantage of very good knowledge about the underground environment. In addition, the areas necessary for the construction and operation of the buildings and facilities are already available and secured and do not compete with other projects.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS2021

Europa Clipper Payload Verification and Validation: Early Architecture and Implementation

NASA’s Europa Clipper mission will investigate the Jovian icy moon Europa with a sophisticated payload consisting of a suite of nine instruments. Clipper’s observations will help provide answers to a broad range of scientific objectives related to Europa’s habitability. As the project proceeds through Phase C, we are building confidence in the system’s ability to achieve these science goals by implementing a rigorous payload verification and validation (V&V) program. This paper details the planned structure and implementation of the Europa Clipper payload V&V program as it exists leading up to the project critical design review (CDR), before the bulk of instrument- or payload- level V&V activities have begun. We first explain the context for payload V&V on Europa Clipper, including its interfaces with other parts of the project system. We then describe the taxonomy of V&V concepts and their interrelationships, followed by a discussion on how this framework allows us to codify interfaces, processes, and ideas that are key to a successful V&V program. We focus on key aspects of the planning phases of V&V, especially establishing a complete set of verification items and accurately mapping them into appropriate verification activities. The second half of the paper describes the logistics of implementing this framework onto our actual payload system, including the processes and tools we use to manage and communicate agreements, changes, and risks across the project. We conclude with a reflection on the unique drivers and challenges of the V&V program concept development so far and the work that is planned for phase D implementation.

Srivastava, Priyanka↗
NASA NTRS1986

The Deep Space Network Tracking System, Mark 4-A, 1986

The Deep Space Network (DSN) Tracking System provides highly precise measurements of spacecraft Doppler and range. It was recently extensively modified as part of the Mark 4-A implementation. The DSN Tracking System as currently implemented, its performance in support of Voyager 2, and plans for new implementation are described.

Wackley, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Joint operations planning for space surveillance missions on the MSX satellite

The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite, sponsored by BMDO, is intended to gather broad-band phenomenology data on missiles, plumes, naturally occurring earthlimb backgrounds and deep space backgrounds. In addition the MSX will be used to conduct functional demonstrations of space-based space surveillance. The JHU/Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), located in Laurel, MD, is the integrator and operator of the MSX satellite. APL will conduct all operations related to the MSX and is charged with the detailed operations planning required to implement all of the experiments run on the MSX except the space surveillance experiments. The non-surveillance operations are generally amenable to being defined months ahead of time and being scheduled on a monthly basis. Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (LL), located in Lexington, MA, is the provider of one of the principle MSX instruments, the Space-Based Visible (SBV) sensor, and the agency charged with implementing the space surveillance demonstrations on the MSX. The planning timelines for the space surveillance demonstrations are fundamentally different from those for the other experiments. They are generally amenable to being scheduled on a monthly basis, but the specific experiment sequence and pointing must be refined shortly before execution. This allocation of responsibilities to different organizations implies the need for a joint mission planning system for conducting space surveillance demonstrations. This paper details the iterative, joint planning system, based on passing responsibility for generating MSX commands for surveillance operations from APL to LL for specific scheduled operations. The joint planning system, including the generation of a budget for spacecraft resources to be used for surveillance events, has been successfully demonstrated during ground testing of the MSX and is being validated for MSX launch within the year. The planning system developed for the MSX forms a model possibly applicable to developing distributed mission planning systems for other multi-use satellites.

Stokes, Grant↗
NASA NTRS2014

Recommendation of a More Effective Alternative to the NASA Launch Services Program Mission Integration Reporting System (MIRS) and Implementation of Updates to the Mission Plan

Over the course of my internship in the Flight Projects Office of NASA's Launch Services Program (LSP), I worked on two major projects, both of which dealt with updating current systems to make them more accurate and to allow them to operate more efficiently. The first project dealt with the Mission Integration Reporting System (MIRS), a web-accessible database application used to manage and provide mission status reporting for the LSP portfolio of awarded missions. MIRS had not gone through any major updates since its implementation in 2005, and it was my job to formulate a recommendation for the improvement of the system. The second project I worked on dealt with the Mission Plan, a document that contains an overview of the general life cycle that is followed by every LSP mission. My job on this project was to update the information currently in the mission plan and to add certain features in order to increase the accuracy and thoroughness of the document. The outcomes of these projects have implications in the orderly and efficient operation of the Flight Projects Office, and the process of Mission Management in the Launch Services Program as a whole.

recommendation↗
NASA NTRS2006

Stochastic Evolutionary Algorithms for Planning Robot Paths

A computer program implements stochastic evolutionary algorithms for planning and optimizing collision-free paths for robots and their jointed limbs. Stochastic evolutionary algorithms can be made to produce acceptably close approximations to exact, optimal solutions for path-planning problems while often demanding much less computation than do exhaustive-search and deterministic inverse-kinematics algorithms that have been used previously for this purpose. Hence, the present software is better suited for application aboard robots having limited computing capabilities (see figure). The stochastic aspect lies in the use of simulated annealing to (1) prevent trapping of an optimization algorithm in local minima of an energy-like error measure by which the fitness of a trial solution is evaluated while (2) ensuring that the entire multidimensional configuration and parameter space of the path-planning problem is sampled efficiently with respect to both robot joint angles and computation time. Simulated annealing is an established technique for avoiding local minima in multidimensional optimization problems, but has not, until now, been applied to planning collision-free robot paths by use of low-power computers.

Fink, Wolfgang↗
NASA NTRS2021

Configuration and Data Management Plan for the Thermophysics Facilities

This document establishes the Configuration and Data Management Plan for the Thermophysics Facilities Branch (TSF) and describes the implementation of the plan within the organization. Its intent is to control and document changes to facility hardware, software, and facility operating procedures; to control changes to Quality System documents; to ensure that all documents and drawings are current; and to provide for quick retrieval of facility information and documentation while safeguarding original records and documents.

Jeanne A Dominguez↗
DOE OSTI2016

SU-F-P-37: Implementation of An End-To-End QA Test of the Radiation Therapy Imaging, Planning and Delivery Process to Identify and Correct Possible Sources of Deviation

Purpose: To implement an end-to-end QA test of the radiation therapy imaging, planning and delivery process, aimed to assess the dosimetric agreement accuracy between planned and delivered treatment, in order to identify and correct possible sources of deviation. To establish an internal standard for machine commissioning acceptance. Methods: A test involving all steps of the radiation therapy: imaging, planning and delivery process was designed. The test includes analysis of point dose and planar dose distributions agreement between TPS calculated and measured dose. An ad hoc 16 cm diameter PMMA phantom was constructed with one central and four peripheral bores that can accommodate calibrated electron density inserts. Using Varian Eclipse 10.0 and Elekta XiO 4.50 planning systems, IMRT, RapidArc and 3DCRT with hard and dynamic wedges plans were planned on the phantom and tested. An Exradin A1SL chamber is used with a Keithley 35617EBS electrometer for point dose measurements in the phantom. 2D dose distributions were acquired using MapCheck and Varian aS1000 EPID.Gamma analysis was performed for evaluation of 2D dose distribution agreement using MapCheck software and Varian Portal Dosimetry Application.Varian high energy Clinacs Trilogy, 2100C/CD, 2000CR and low energy 6X/EX where tested.TPS-CT# vs. electron density table were checked for CT-scanners used. Results: Calculated point doses were accurate to 0.127% SD: 0.93%, 0.507% SD: 0.82%, 0.246% SD: 1.39% and 0.012% SD: 0.01% for LoX-3DCRT, HiX-3DCRT, IMRT and RapidArc plans respectively. Planar doses pass gamma 3% 3mm in all cases and 2% 2mm for VMAT plans. Conclusion: Implementation of a simple and reliable quality assurance tool was accomplished. The end-to-end proved efficient, showing excellent agreement between planned and delivered dose evidencing strong consistency of the whole process from imaging through planning to delivery. This test can be used as a first step in beam model acceptance for clinical use.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1999

HEDS Goals

In November of 1996, NASA made the decision to fully integrate several areas of robotic and human Mars exploration study and planning. As a result of this decision, requirements for unmanned robotic missions to support human Mars exploration were identified and a plan to meet these requirements was developed. Concrete progress in the implementation of this plan has been made. Three experiments have been selected and are in development for the Mars Surveyor Program 2001 Orbiter and Lander missions which will provide critical data for the planning of human missions to Mars. An Announcement of Opportunity for the Mars Surveyor Program 2003 Lander mission has recently been released which solicited proposals related to planning for a human mission. In order to define HEDS objectives for Mars robotic missions, it is important to understand what information is required as a foundation for mounting a program of exploration of this magnitude. We identify areas of research on robotic missions that will enable future human missions. These areas include Site Selection for Human Missions, Hazards to Human Explorers, Living off the Land, and Testing Critical Technologies in the Mars Environment.

Pline, A.↗