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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Effect of NiO inserted layer on spin-Hall magnetoresistance in Pt/NiO/YIG heterostructures

We investigate spin-current transport with an antiferromagnetic insulator NiO thin layer by means of the spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) over a wide range of temperature in Pt/NiO/Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12} (Pt/NiO/YIG) heterostructures. The SMR signal is comparable to that without the NiO layer as long as the temperature is near or above the blocking temperature of the NiO, indicating that the magnetic fluctuation of the insulating NiO is essential for transmitting the spin current from the Pt to YIG layer. On the other hand, the SMR signal becomes negligibly small at low temperature, and both conventional anisotropic magnetoresistance and the anomalous Hall resistance are extremely small at any temperature, implying that the insertion of the NiO has completely suppressed the Pt magnetization induced by the YIG magnetic proximity effect (MPE). The dual roles of the thin NiO layer are, to suppress the magnetic interaction or MPE between Pt and YIG, and to maintain efficient spin current transmission at high temperature.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Growth of electronically distinct manganite thin films by modulating cation stoichiometry

Nd 1-x Sr x MnO 3 (NSMO) is a well-known manganite due to close connection between structure, transport, magnetism, and chemistry. Thus, it would be an ideal system to study modification of physical properties by external stimuli including control of stoichiometry in growth. In this work, we show that abrupt change of electronic and magnetic properties can be achieved by subtle change of oxygen partial pressure in pulsed laser deposition. Interestingly, the pressure indeed modulates cation stoichiometry. We clearly observed that the films grown at 150 mTorr and higher showed clear insulator to metal transition and stronger magnetism, commonly found in less hole doping, while the films grown at 130 mTorr and lower showed insulating behavior and weak magnetism. From soft x-ray spectroscopic methods, we clearly observed the compositional difference in those thin films. This result is further supported by scattering of lighter elements in high oxygen partial pressure but not by anion deficiency in growth.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

The effect of spin-orbit coupling in band structure of few-layer graphene

Topological insulators are electronic materials that have a bulk band gap like an ordinary insulator but have protected conducting states on their edge or surface. This can be happened due to spin-orbit coupling and time-reversal symmetry. Moreover, the edge current flows through their edge or surface depends on its spin orientation and also it is robust against non-magnetic impurities. Therefore, topological insulators are predicted to be useful ranging from spintronics to quantum computation. Graphene was first predicted to be the precursor of topological insulator by Kane-Mele. They developed a Hamiltonian model to describe the gap opening in graphene. In this work, we investigate the band structure of few-layer graphene by using this model with analytical approach. The results of our calculations show that the gap opening occurs at K and K’ point, not only in single layer, but also in bilayer and trilayer graphene.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Imaging orbital ferromagnetism in a moiré Chern insulator

Capturing exotic magnetism Ferromagnetism is associated with the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, most frequently by the spin degree of freedom. Although the orbital motion of electrons can also contribute to ferromagnetism, in most materials, it is small relative to the spin contribution. Tschirhart et al. showed that the reverse is true in an unusual magnetic state hosted by twisted bilayer graphene. Their scanning magnetometry measurements were consistent with ferromagnetism of predominantly orbital origin. Science , abd3190, this issue p. 1323

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Spin transport modified by magnetic order

Spintronics has developed over the years from initially generating spin-polarized charge currents from exchange interaction in ferromagnets, into a more general concept, where electronic spin current can be generated and manipulated by spin–orbit interactions and in addition magnonic spin currents can occur in magnetically ordered materials even if they are insulating. Thus the interplay between spin transport and magnetic order has been a very active research field, which has developed many new ideas, such as thermal spin transport and electronic spin currents with unusual symmetries generated by magnetically ordered materials. This article discusses a few selected examples in order to illustrate some of the complexities that can be encountered in these systems. A particular focus is on the contributions from Chia-Ling Chien and his research group, who often explored many of the topics at the forefront of spintronics research, while critically examining unproven assumptions made by other researchers in the field.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Extreme tensile strain states in La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 membranes

A defining feature of emergent phenomena in complex oxides is the competition and cooperation between ground states. In manganites, the balance between metallic and insulating phases can be tuned by the lattice; extending the range of lattice control would enhance the ability to access other phases. We stabilized uniform extreme tensile strain in nanoscale La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 membranes, exceeding 8% uniaxially and 5% biaxially. Uniaxial and biaxial strain suppresses the ferromagnetic metal at distinctly different strain values, inducing an insulator that can be extinguished by a magnetic field. Electronic structure calculations indicate that the insulator consists of charge-ordered Mn 4+ and Mn 3+ with staggered strain-enhanced Jahn-Teller distortions within the plane. This highly tunable strained membrane approach provides a broad opportunity to design and manipulate correlated electron states.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Two-Dimensional Dirac Fermions in a Topological Insulator: Transport in the Quantum Limit

Pulsed magnetic fields of up to 55T are used to investigate the transport properties of the topological insulator Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} in the extreme quantum limit. For samples with a bulk carrier density of n = 2.9 x 10{sup 16} cm{sup -3}, the lowest Landau level of the bulk 3D Fermi surface is reached by a field of 4T. For fields well beyond this limit, Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations arising from quantization of the 2D surface state are observed, with the {nu} = 1 Landau level attained by a field of {approx} 35T. These measurements reveal the presence of additional oscillations which occur at fields corresponding to simple rational fractions of the integer Landau indices.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Nonthermal breaking of magnetic order via photogenerated spin defects in the spin-orbit coupled insulator Sr 3 Ir 2 O 7

In many strongly correlated insulators, antiferromagnetic order competes with exotic and technologically relevant phases, like superconductivity. While control of spin order is critical to stabilize different functional states, elucidating the mechanism of laser-induced demagnetization in complex oxides remains a challenge. It is unknown if the optical pulse can quench magnetization nonthermally or if it instead only acts as a heat source. In this study, we used ultrafast, broadband, optical spectroscopy to track the responses of the electronic, lattice, and spin degrees of freedom and their relation to antiferromagnetism in the strongly spin-orbit coupled insulator Sr 3 Ir 2 O 7 . We find that magnetization can be rapidly and strongly suppressed on a sub-150 fs timescale. At low excitation fluences, the magnetic recovery is fast; however, the recovery time increases dramatically with the magnitude of demagnetization. At the same time, we show that the lattice, evidenced through the A g phonon frequencies, appears to remain below T N , suggesting that the system remains nonthermal during the optical modulation of spin order. We suggest that photogenerated spin defects are responsible for the long-lived demagnetized state and discuss its implications for optical control of solids.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling

Topological insulators are insulating materials that display conducting surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry 1 , 2 , wherein electron spins are locked to their momentum. This unique property opens up new opportunities for creating next-generation electronic, spintronic and quantum computation devices 3 , 4 , 5 . Introducing ferromagnetic order into a topological insulator system without compromising its distinctive quantum coherent features could lead to the realization of several predicted physical phenomena 6 , 7 . In particular, achieving robust long-range magnetic order at the surface of the topological insulator at specific locations without introducing spin-scattering centres could open up new possibilities for devices. Here we use spin-polarized neutron reflectivity experiments to demonstrate topologically enhanced interface magnetism by coupling a ferromagnetic insulator (EuS) to a topological insulator (Bi 2 Se 3 ) in a bilayer system. This interfacial ferromagnetism persists up to room temperature, even though the ferromagnetic insulator is known to order ferromagnetically only at low temperatures (<17 K). The magnetism induced at the interface resulting from the large spin–orbit interaction and the spin–momentum locking of the topological insulator surface greatly enhances the magnetic ordering (Curie) temperature of this bilayer system. The ferromagnetism extends ~2 nm into the Bi 2 Se 3 from the interface. Owing to the short-range nature of the ferromagnetic exchange interaction, the time-reversal symmetry is broken only near the surface of a topological insulator, while leaving its bulk states unaffected. The topological magneto-electric response originating in such an engineered topological insulator 2 , 8 could allow efficient manipulation of the magnetization dynamics by an electric field, providing an energy-efficient topological control mechanism for future spin-based technologies

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Phase engineering of rare earth nickelates by digital synthesis

Here, we report on the electronic and magnetic properties of a series of [m EuNiO 3 /p LaNiO 3 ] superlattices (thickness m and/or p = 1 unit cell) epitaxially grown on single crystalline NdGaO 3 substrates. The structural symmetry of these films has been investigated by the combination of in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction measurements. The metal-insulator transition and the magnetic transition temperatures of the short-period superlattices with m ≥ p are modified from the corresponding bulk Eu 1–x La x NiO 3 (x=$\frac{p}{m+p}$ ) composition. In contrast to the corresponding bulk doped compound with x = 0.67, the [1 EuNiO 3 /2 LaNiO 3 ] film remains metallic down to at least 2 K without signs of electronic or magnetic transitions. These findings demonstrate the power of the digital synthesis approach to realize electronic and magnetic phases of perovskite nickelates, unattainable in bulk.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at high pressure and low temperature

In this study, a new synchrotron radiation experimental capability of coupling nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with the cryogenically cooled high-pressure diamond anvil cell technique is presented. The new technique permits measurements of phonon density of states at low temperature and high pressure simultaneously, and can be applied to studies of phonon contribution to pressure- and temperature-induced magnetic, superconducting and metal–insulator transitions in resonant isotope-bearing materials. In this report, a pnictide sample, EuFe 2 As 2 , is used as an example to demonstrate this new capability at beamline 3-ID of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. A detailed description of the technical development is given. The Fe-specific phonon density of states and magnetism from the Fe sublattice in Eu 57 Fe 2 As 2 at high pressure and low temperature were derived by using this new capability.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum textures of the many-body wavefunctions in magic-angle graphene

Interactions among electrons create novel many-body quantum phases of matter with wavefunctions that often reflect electronic correlation effects, broken symmetries, and novel collective excitations. A wide range of quantum phases has been discovered in MATBG, including correlated insulating, unconventional superconducting, and magnetic topological phases. The lack of microscopic information, including precise knowledge of possible broken symmetries, has thus far hampered our understanding of MATBG's correlated phases. Here we use high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy to directly probe the wavefunctions of the correlated phases in MATBG. The squares of the wavefunctions of gapped phases, including those of the correlated insulators, pseudogap, and superconducting phases, show distinct patterns of broken symmetry with a √3 x √3 super-periodicity on the graphene atomic lattice that has a complex spatial dependence on the moiré superlattice scale. We introduce a symmetry-based analysis to describe our measurements of the wavefunctions of MATBG's correlated phases with a set of complex-valued local order parameters. For the correlated insulators in MATBG, at fillings of ±2 electrons per moiré unit cell relative to charge neutrality, we compare the observed quantum textures to those expected for proposed theoretical ground states. In typical MATBG devices, the textures of correlated insulators' wavefunctions closely match those of the theoretically proposed IKS order, while in ultra-low-strain samples our data has local symmetries like those of a T-IVC phase. Here, we also study the wavefunction of MATBG's superconducting state, revealing strong signatures of intervalley coherence that can only be distinguished from those of the insulator with our phase-sensitive measurements.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

Simulating the magnetized liner inertial fusion plasma confinement with smaller-scale experiments [Simulating the MagLIF plasma confinement with smaller-scale experiments]

The recently proposed magnetized liner inertial fusion approach to a Z-pinch driven fusion [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas17, 056303 (2010)] is based on the use of an axial magnetic field to provide plasma thermal insulation from the walls of the imploding liner. The characteristic plasma transport regimes in the proposed approach cover parameter domains that have not been studied yet in either magnetic confinement or inertial confinement experiments. In this article, an analysis is presented of the scalability of the key physical processes that determine the plasma confinement. The dimensionless scaling parameters are identified and conclusion is drawn that the plasma behavior in scaled-down experiments can correctly represent the full-scale plasma, provided these parameters are approximately the same in two systems. Furthermore, this observation is important in that smaller-scale experiments typically have better diagnostic access and more experiments per year are possible.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electrical Control of Magnetic Resonance in Phase Change Materials

Metal–insulator transitions (MITs) in resistive switching materials can be triggered by an electric stimulus that produces significant changes in the electrical response. When these phases have distinct magnetic characteristics, dramatic changes in the spin excitations are also expected. The transition metal oxide La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO) is a ferromagnetic metal at low temperatures and a paramagnetic insulator above room temperature. When LSMO is in its metallic phase, a critical electrical bias has been shown to lead to an MIT that results in the formation of a paramagnetic resistive barrier transverse to the applied electric field. Using spin-transfer ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that even for electrical biases less than the critical value that triggers the MIT, there is magnetic phase separation, with the spin-excitation resonances varying systematically with applied bias. Therefore, voltage-triggered MITs in LSMO can alter magnetic resonance characteristics, offering an effective method for tuning synaptic weights in neuromorphic circuits.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Magnon spin current from a non-collinear magnetic phase in a compensated rare earth ferrimagnet

The rare earth iron garnets have been commonly treated like ferromagnets due to the strong exchange coupling between the Fe3+ sublattices. However, the exchange coupling between the rare earth (RE) and transition metal (TM) in the RE-TM compounds is relatively weak and cannot hold the magnetic moments rigidly in a collinear state upon effective anisotropy energy. In this work, we show that a non-collinear magnetic phase is readily presented for a rare earth ferrimagnetic insulator, gadolinium iron garnet (GdIG), when a small magnetic field (H) is applied in the hard axis. We excite magnons from both the collinear and non-collinear magnetic configuration in GdIG via the spin Seebeck effect and detect these magnons in the adjacent normal metal. The comparison between the collinear and non-collinear magnetic configurations reveals a comparable magnon compensating temperature (TMM) for both cases. Moreover, as temperature decreases, the in-plane component of the magnon from the non-collinear case enhances and becomes comparable with that of the collinear case at TMM, representing the dominant role Gd3+ 4f spin plays at low T. Our study shows a wide magnetic tunability in the compensated ferrimagnetic insulator, which offers a myriad of opportunities for magnonic applications.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2016

Magnetic structure of NiS 2 - x Se x

NiS 2-2x Se x is revisited to determine the magnetic structure using neutron diffraction and magnetic representational analysis. Upon cooling, the insulating parent compound, NiS 2 , becomes antiferromagnetic with two successive magnetic transitions. The first transition (M1) occurs at T N similar to 39 K with Γ 1 Ψ 1 symmetry and a magnetic propagation vector of k = (000). The second transition (M2) occurs at T N similar to 30 K with k = (0.5,0.5,0.5) and a Γ 1 Ψ 2 symmetry with face-centered translations, giving rise to four possible magnetic domains. With doping, the system become smetallic. The transition to the M2 state is suppressed prior to x = 0.4 while the M1 state persists. The M1 magnetic structure gradually vanishes by x similar to 0.8 at a lower concentration than previously reported. The details of the magnetic structures are provided.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

The 11 T dipole for HL-LHC: Status and plan

The upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collimation system includes additional collimators in the LHC lattice. The longitudinal space for these collimators will be created by replacing some of the LHC main dipoles with shorter but stronger dipoles compatible with the LHC lattice and main systems. The project plan comprises the construction of two cryoassemblies containing each of the two 11-T dipoles of 5.5-m length for possible installation on either side of interaction point 2 of LHC in the years 2018-2019 for ion operation, and the installation of two cryoassemblies on either side of interaction point 7 of LHC in the years 2023-2024 for proton operation. The development program conducted in conjunction between the Fermilab and CERN magnet groups is progressing well. The development activities carried out on the side of Fermilab were concluded in the middle of 2015 with the fabrication and test of a 1-m-long two-in-one model and those on the CERN side are ramping up with the construction of 2-m-long models and the preparation of the tooling for the fabrication of the first full-length prototype. The engineering design of the cryomagnet is well advanced, including the definition of the various interfaces, e.g., with the collimator, powering, protection, and vacuum systems. Several practice coils of 5.5-m length have been already fabricated. This paper describes the overall progress of the project, the final design of the cryomagnet, and the performance of the most recent models. Furthermore, the overall plan toward the fabrication of the series magnets for the two phases of the upgrade of the LHC collimation system is also presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗