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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Topical Report: Kemper County IGCC Final Public Design Report

The Kemper County IGCC plant is a lignite-fueled 2-on-1 Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle (IGCC) facility incorporating the air-blown Transport Integrated Gasification (TRIG™) technology jointly developed by Southern Company; KBR; and the United States Department of Energy (DOE) at the Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) in Wilsonville, Alabama. The plant is owned by Mississippi Power Company (MPC) and has a calculated nameplate capacity of 830 MW with a peak net output of 582 MW. As a result of advanced emissions-control equipment, the facility is designed to produce marketable products of ammonia (NH 3 ), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The plant is designed to capture 65 percent of the carbon entering to sell for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), which makes the Kemper County plant’s carbon emissions comparable to those of a natural-gas-fired combined cycle power plant. This report describes the basic design and function of the plant as determined at the end of the Detailed Design phase of the project. The technical sections of the report were completed in October 2013, and the cost information was incorporated into Section 6.0 in March 2018.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2019

XRootD Third Party Copy for the WLCG and HL- LHC

A Third Party Copy (TPC) mechanism has existed in the pure XRootD storage environment for many years. However, using the XRootD TPC in the WLCG environment presents additional challenges due to the diversity of the storage systems involved such as EOS, dCache, DPM and ECHO, requiring that we carefully navigate the unique constraints imposed by these storage systems and their site-specific environments through customized configuration and software development. To support multitenant setups seen at many WLCG sites, X509 based authentication and authorization in XRootD was significantly improved to meet both security and functionality requirements. This paper presents architecture of the pull based TPC with optional X509 credential delegation, and how it is implemented in native XRootD and dCache. The paper discusses technical requirements, challenges, design choices and implementation details in the WLCG storage systems, as well as in FTS/gfal2. It also outlines XRootD's plan to support newer TPC and security models such as token based authorization. 1

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Engineering management challenges of the CIGeO Project - 15576

After being involved for years in the conceptual studies on the French Deep Geological Repository's (DGR) design for ANDRA, INGeROP (www.ingerop.com) is carrying out since 2012 the global project management and the technical integration of the preliminary, basic and detailed design of the Cigeo project, within the framework of GAIYA consortium. The article presents some particular organizational aspects that turned out to be more challenging than foreseen in the course of our activities. Starting from the presentation of real examples, some lessons learned are derived as well as practices of interest in solving analogue issues in similar projects, with focus on their application to the engineering phase of geological repositories in different countries. Finally, the paper concludes with some avenues for reflection on the 'reversibility' - including 'retrievability' - requirement asked for by the French public and government and its consequences on the engineering choices, on the expected lifetime of components and structures and on the (increased) complexity of CIGeO systems. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2015

Lewis Acid Pairs for the Activation of Biomass-derived Oxygenates in Aqueous Media

The objective of this project is to understand the mechanistic aspects behind the cooperative activation of oxygenates by catalytic pairs in aqueous media. Specifically, we will investigate how the reactivity of a solid Lewis acid can be modulated by pairing the active site with other catalytic sites at the molecular level, with the ultimate goal of enhancing activation of targeted functional groups. Although unusual catalytic properties have been attributed to the cooperative effects promoted by such catalytic pairs, virtually no studies exist detailing the use heterogeneous water-tolerant Lewis pairs. A main goal of this work is to devise rational pathways for the synthesis of porous heterogeneous catalysts featuring isolated Lewis pairs that are active in the transformation of biomass-derived oxygenates in the presence of bulk water. Achieving this technical goal will require closely linking advanced synthesis techniques; detailed kinetic and mechanistic investigations; strict thermodynamic arguments; and comprehensive characterization studies of both materials and reaction intermediates. For the last performance period (2014-2015), two technical aims were pursued: 1) C-C coupling using Lewis acid and base pairs in Lewis acidic zeolites. Tin-, zirconium-, and hafnium containing zeolites (e.g., Sn-, Zr-, and Hf-Beta) are versatile solid Lewis acids that selectively activate carbonyl functional groups. In this aim, we demonstrate that these zeolites catalyze the cross-aldol condensation of aromatic aldehydes with acetone under mild reaction conditions with near quantitative yields. NMR studies with isotopically labeled molecules confirm that acid-base pairs in the Si-O-M framework ensemble promote soft enolization through α-proton abstraction. The Lewis acidic zeolites maintain activity in the presence of water and, unlike traditional base catalysts, in acidic solutions. 2) One-pot synthesis of MWW zeolite nanosheets for activation of bulky substrates. Through post-synthetic modifications, layered zeolite precursors can be transformed into 2-dimensional (2D), zeolites with open architectures. These novel hierarchical microporous/mesoporous materials with exposed active sites can facilitate the conversion of bulky substrates while maintaining higher stability than amorphous mesoporous materials. However, post-synthetic exfoliation techniques are energy intensive, multi-step and require highly alkaline conditions that result in low silica yields and a partially amorphous product. In this aim, we demonstrate an effective one-pot synthesis method to generate exfoliated single-unit-cell thick MWW nanosheets. The new material, named MIT-1, is synthesized using a rationally-designed OSDA and results in a material with high crystallinity, surface area, and acidity that does not require post-synthetic treatments other than calcination. A parametric study of Al, Na, and water content reveals that MIT-1 crystallizes over a wide synthetic window. Characterization data show that MIT-1 has high mesoporosity with an external surface area exceeding 500 m2g-1 and a high external acid site density of 21 x 10-5 mol g-1. Catalytic tests demonstrate that MIT-1 has three-fold higher catalytic activity for the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with benzyl alcohol as compared to that of other 3D MWW topology zeolites.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

HFTS-2 (Final Report)

This report delves into the research program, identified tasks, various studies, observations, results, and conclusions under the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS-2) project. This test site is located in Loving County close to the Texas, New Mexico border. The program targeted the Wolfcamp formation in Delaware Basin. The aim of the project was to improve our understanding of hydraulic fracturing processes to not only optimize unconventional resource development in US Basins but to minimize environmental footprint as well. Various new diagnostic technologies were demonstrated at this site, including distributed acoustic microseismic, high resolution strain using Rayleigh frequency band (DSS-RFS), and in-fill proppant logging tool. Significant conclusions from this study include: 1) lateral and vertical fracture growth mapping as well as proppant transport behavior, 2) Use of DSS-RFS as a diagnostic tool to understand cluster level behavior, 3) Validation of proppant log, both at core scale as well as in-fill well implementation, and 4) New modeling tools to map far-field strain response using distributed strain sensing data. Specifically, far-field fracture distribution is influenced by linear fracture corridors defined by the stress-state as well as clustering behavior influenced by spatio-temporal effects. Depletion impacts on new stimulation was demonstrated and technically quantified. Significant vertical fracture height growth was observed. However, our understanding is limited by available gauge data availability. Numerical strain modeling techniques have been developed and demonstrated to help understand observed strain response behavior. Finally, proppant log has been further validated as a useful tool to map propped zones within the SRV. It has also shown very strong correlation with observed drawdown behavior at this test site. This report will detail many of these studies as well as technical results and conclusions from said studies. These include general subsurface characterization work, completion designs as implemented, studies looking at fracture geometry, high resolution microseismic study including source mechanisms, advanced DSS-RFS studies including drainage characterization, core characterization results, proppant analysis (core and in-fill child well), geochemistry, etc.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Renewable Energy Potential (reV) Model: A Geospatial Platform for Technical Potential and Supply Curve Modeling

The Renewable Energy Potential (reV) model is a platform for detailed assessment of renewable energy (RE) resources and their geospatial intersection with grid infrastructure and land use characteristics. The reV model currently supports photovoltaic (PV), concentrating solar power (CSP) and land-based wind turbine technologies. Modules in the reV framework function at different spatial and temporal resolutions, allowing for assessment of resource potential, technical potential and supply curves at varying levels of detail. The platform runs on NREL's High Performance Computing system, providing scalable and efficient performance from a single location all the way up to continental scales, for a single year or decades of time series resource data. Coupled with NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM), reV supports resource assessment from 5-minute to hourly temporal resolution and provides for analysis of long-term (i.e., year-on-year) variability of RE generation (e.g., interannual variability and exceedance probabilities). Technical potential is measured as a function of resource potential and limitations put on developable land area defined by the user. For example, the user can limit development by land ownership, terrain, land use/cover, and urban areas, as well as custom inputs. Technology, grid interconnection and operation costs, based on the latest market data and future projections, are also embedded in the model. The supply curve module is a spatial sorting algorithm based on plant siting, grid interconnection cost, and regional competition, which provides a geographically discrete estimate of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and supply (i.e., capacity) for specific renewable technologies. The reV model currently provides broad coverage across North America, South and Central Asia, South America and South Africa to inform national- and international-scale analyses as well as regional infrastructure and deployment planning.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Review of APR+ Level 2 PSA. Revision 2

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) assisted the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) in reviewing the Level 2 Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) of the APR+ Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) prepared by the Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (KHNP) and KEPCO Engineering & Construction Co., Inc. (KEPCO-E&C). The work described in this report involves a review of the APR+ Level 2 PSA submittal [Ref. 1]. The PSA and, therefore, the review is limited to consideration of accidents initiated by internal events. As part of the review process, the review team also developed three sets of Requests for Additional Information (RAIs). These RAIs were provided to KHNP and KEPCO-E&C for their evaluation and response. This final detailed report documents the review findings for each technical element of the PSA and includes consideration of all of the RAIs made by the reviewers as well as the associated responses. This final report was preceded by an interim report [Ref. 2] that focused on identifying important issues regarding the PSA. In addition, a final meeting on the project was held at BNL on November 21-22, 2011, where BNL and KINS reviewers discussed their preliminary review findings with KHNP and KEPCO-E&C staffs. Additional information obtained during this final meeting was also used to inform the review findings of this final report. The review focused not only on the robustness of the APR+ design to withstand severe accidents, but also on the capability and acceptability of the Level 2 PSA in terms of level of detail and completeness. The Korean nuclear regulatory authorities will decide whether the PSA is acceptable and the BNL review team is providing its comments for KINS consideration. Section 2.0 provides the basis for the BNL review. Section 3.0 presents the review of each technical element of the PSA. Conclusions and a summary are presented in Section 4.0. Section 5.0 contains the references.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Glycolic-Nitric Acid Flowsheet Demonstration of the DWPF Chemical Processing Cell with Matrix Simulants and Supernate

Savannah River Remediation (SRR) is evaluating changes to its current DWPF flowsheet to improve processing cycle times. This will enable the facility to support higher canister production while maximizing waste loading. Higher throughput is needed in the CPC since the installation of the bubblers into the melter has increased melt rate. Due to the significant maintenance required for the DWPF gas chromatographs (GC) and the potential for production of flammable quantities of hydrogen, reducing or eliminating the amount of formic acid used in the CPC is being developed. Earlier work at Savannah River National Laboratory has shown that replacing formic acid with an 80:20 molar blend of glycolic and formic acids has the potential to remove mercury in the SRAT without any significant catalytic hydrogen generation. This report summarizes the research completed to determine the feasibility of processing without formic acid. In earlier development of the glycolic-formic acid flowsheet, one run (GF8) was completed without formic acid. It is of particular interest that mercury was successfully removed in GF8, no formic acid at 125% stoichiometry. Glycolic acid did not show the ability to reduce mercury to elemental mercury in initial screening studies, which is why previous testing focused on using the formic/glycolic blend. The objective of the testing detailed in this document is to determine the viability of the nitric-glycolic acid flowsheet in processing sludge over a wide compositional range as requested by DWPF. This work was performed under the guidance of Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan (TT and QAP). The details regarding the simulant preparation and analysis have been documented previously.

08 HYDROGEN↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Advanced Space Suit xEMU Development Report – Waist Brief Hip Assembly

For the past several years, the Exploration Extra-Vehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU) team at NASA’s Johnson Space Center has focused on the development and detailed design of the xEMU to support missions to the International Space Station (ISS) and a moon landing in 2024. In that context, this paper examines the history, development, and baseline detailed design of the xEMU Waist Brief Hip (WBH). This paper will outline the challenging technical requirements and solutions needed to overcome these challenges, and a status of the detailed design. Initial results of Design Verification Testing (DVT) as it relates specifically to WBH will also be provided, along with a forward strategy for final maturation into a flight-ready design.

xEMU↗
DOE OSTI2015

Update on site selection for Canada's national repository for used nuclear fuel - 15481

In 2007, the Government of Canada selected Adaptive Phased Management as Canada's plan that provides for long-term management of Canada's used nuclear fuel in a deep geological repository, located in an informed and willing host. The Nuclear Waste Management Organization is tasked through federal legislation to select the site and develop and manage all aspects of Canada's plan. In May 2010 the Nuclear Waste Management Organization published and initiated the site selection process that serves as a road map for decision-making on the location for the deep geological repository. The Nuclear Waste Management Organization continues to lead the site selection process for a deep geological repository for the long term management of Canada's used nuclear fuel and centre of expertise. The screening down process is advancing and, from an initial starting point of 22 communities expressing interest in learning about the project, as of November 2014 14 communities are now the focus of more detailed studies. Preliminary assessments are underway with these communities, which is the third step in the 9 step site selection process. Preliminary assessments involve preliminary technical and social desktop and field assessments, engagement activities within and beyond the interested community and seeking involvement of Indigenous peoples and nearby municipalities in the planning and conduct of the work. The paper provides an update on the advancement of the site selection process. It describes the nature of the technical and social studies being conducted at this phase of work, including the progressively more detailed field studies which are the focus of technical work at this stage, approach to engagement and collaboration with communities to direct these studies, and the work underway to ensure the framework used for this assessment and engagement includes the range of priorities and perspectives of First Nations and Metis peoples and communities in the broader area. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2019

Technical Potential of Solar in Peru Using the Renewable Energy Data Explorer

Fact sheet details the Renewable Energy Data Explorer (RE Data Explorer) tool created for the Peruvian Ministry Energy and Mines (MINEM). The Peruvian RE Data Explorer is used to perform an initial technical potential analysis to calculate the available land area and technical potential for PV and CSP technologies in Peru.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Exploring the decision-space for renewable energy generation to enhance spatial efficiency

Decentralized power generation can play a significant role in contributing to renewable energy (RE) supply. Accordingly, regions can be important players in the transformation of the energy system. However, only scarce spatial capacities are available for a sustainable RE generation. Knowledge gaps exist concerning data and methods for integrating RE assessment and environmental planning methods. This paper presents a methodology for the integrated assessment of different RE potentials and their land requirements. The potential is contrasted with the actual availability of land for RE-generation considering environmental restrictions. An application in the Hanover region demonstrates that using energy capacity maps supports using the most efficient mixture in RE generation. Generally, a combination of wind and solar energies produces the highest energy yield per ha. Furthermore, relying primarily on generalized environmental restrictions for defining exclusion areas can be only a first step: On the one hand the assessment is probably underrating the potential for environmentally sound RE generation due to the undifferentiated exclusion of large areas of a certain protective status. On the other hand, some energy sources, in particular energy crops for bioenergy generation, are malpositioned due to missing spatially explicit information about ecosystem sensitivities and a lack of regulative possibilities. Further research is needed to explore synergistic combinations of energy potentials and their environmentally sound spatial allocation in more detail. - Highlights: • We combine models of RE potentials with technical and environmental restrictions. • We explore the resulting “decision-spaces” for regional RE development. • “Decision-spaces” are small and need to be developed carefully to avoid trade-offs. • Planning needs more differentiated analyses to test RE allocation-scenarios. • We recommend detailed analyses on (cumulative) impacts of (multifunctional) RE use.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Sensor Impact Evaluation and Verification Technical Advisory Group Meeting Minutes

This report provides the technical advisory group meeting minutes and summary of detailed discussions for future development of sensor impact evaluations and verifications. Methods for sensor configuration/deployment have critical impacts on energy-efficient building control and thermal comfort. However, traditional sensor techniques for building operation and fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) are not optimal in terms of energy efficiency and thermal comfort, and their global effects are not thoroughly investigated. In an effort to address and overcome this limitation, a 3 year project, Sensor Impact Evaluation and Verification, was proposed. The multi-laboratory team—the US Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)—is conducting early-stage R&D to provide technical supports and guidelines for sensor design in building/HVAC systems to optimize building energy use, FDD, thermal comfort, and grid efficiency. The overall goal of this project is to develop a framework that enables quantitative evaluation of the impact of sensors on building HVAC control, FDD, and consequently, building energy efficiency and thermal comfort.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

xEMU Helmet and Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA) Hardware

The Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU) spacesuit team at NASA’s Johnson Space Center has focused on the development and detailed design of the xEMU to support missions to the International Space Station (ISS) and a moon landing in 2024. This paper focuses on the development and baseline detailed design of the xEMU Helmet and Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA) for the xEMU. This paper will outline the challenging technical requirements, significant architectural trades, technical solutions required to overcome these challenges, and a status of the detailed design. The preliminary results of Design Verification Testing (DVT) as it relates specifically to Helmet and EVVA will also be provided, along with a forward strategy for final maturation into a flight-ready design.

Spacesuit↗
DOE OSTI2012

International Linear Collider Physics and Detectors (2011 Status Report)

The studies of physics and detectors for the International Linear Collider are an important parallel element to the effort for the ILC Technical Design Report. The studies comprise the physics opportunities, detector requirements, and detector development to achieve the challenging high performance demanded by the physics, as well as integration of detectors into the accelerator. The current phase of this effort began with a call for Letters of Intent (LOIs) in 2007 and will lead to the submission of Detailed Baseline Design (DBD) report together with the ILC Technical Design Report at the end of 2012. Here we summarise the current status of this process, review what it has accomplished and identify the work that still needs to be completed. This report, titled International Linear Collider Physics and Detectors: 2011 Status Report, does just this. This report begins with a discussion of the outstanding issues in physics that motivate the construction of the ILC. It describes the organisation of the LOI process, the validation of the LOIs by the International Detector Advisory Group, and the results of R&D carried out to support the detector designs. The details of the concept detectors have already been published in the LOIs, which were completed in 2009. This report will, in a complementary way, describe the status of the detector R&D for each individual detector component and the status of the physics simulation infrastructure that has been built for the detector design process. Much of this work is carried out in cooperation between the two detector concept groups. This report describes the five common task groups and two working groups that have organised these cooperative activities. Many members of the detector concept groups and the common task groups have contributed to this report. Many more people have carried out the actual work that is reviewed. The complete list of members of each detector concept group can be found from the author lists of the published LOIs. The members of the ILC physics and detector organisation are listed at the end of this document. As we are now nearing the completion of the DBD phase, we are also entering a new stage of our preparation process. The experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Switzerland, are accumulating data and are extending our knowledge of the physics of the teraelectronvolt energy scale. The LHC results may confirm the standard model of electroweak symmetry breaking or they may deliver something completely new. In either case, we believe, the ILC will be critical to resolve the questions that the LHC programme will bring forward. In any scenario, we will need very high-quality detectors and excellent technical and simulation capabilities. This report describes the status of our work in pursuit of that goal.

Brau, James E.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Design and application of electromechanical actuators for deep space missions

The annual report Design and Application of Electromechanical Actuators for Deep Space Missions is presented. The reporting period is 16 Aug. 1992 to 15 Aug. 1993. However, the primary focus will be work performed since submission of our semi-annual progress report in Feb. 1993. Substantial progress was made. We currently feel confident in providing guidelines for motor and control strategy selection in electromechanical actuators to be used in thrust vector control (TVC) applications. A small portion was presented in the semi-annual report. At this point, we have implemented highly detailed simulations of various motor/drive systems. The primary motor candidates were the brushless dc machine, permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the induction machine. The primary control implementations were pulse width modulation and hysteresis current control. Each of the two control strategies were applied to each of the three motor choices. With either pulse width modulation or hysteresis current control, the induction machine was always vector controlled. A standard test position command sequence for system performance evaluation is defined. Currently, we are gathering all of the necessary data for formal presentation of the results. Briefly stated for TVC application, we feel that the brushless dc machine operating under PWM current control is the best option. Substantial details on the topic, with supporting simulation results, will be provided later, in the form of a technical paper prepared for submission and also in the next progress report with more detail than allowed for paper publication.

Haskew, Tim A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Technical Note CRYOFRABR#002/2021: Activated-copper-coated alumina granules synthesis

Detailed experimental studies of oxygen capture in the argon purification process using activated-copper on alumina and layered double hydroxide (LDH) were carried out, and the results were compared to the BASF commercial copper material Cu-0226 S performance. Here, we report the following main findings: i) the desired crystal structures for the studied materials were obtained after the synthesis process, ii) the use of the LDH structure promoted greater dispersion of the CuO phase when compared to BASF commercial catalyst, iii) alumina impregnated with copper demonstrated a similar result as the BASF sample for O 2 capture, and iv) among the three samples evaluated, the LHD sample demonstrated the best results regarding oxygen capturing performance becoming a promising structure for further studies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Exploring Electrocatalysis of Methane on Transition Metal Surfaces (Final Technical Report)

The original primary objective of this project focused on detailed and systematic molecular-level mechanistic studies of low-temperature (~100 °C) electrochemical (EC) direct methane-to-methanol (DMTM) conversion on selected transition metal surfaces. The latter include PtRu, PdAu, and NiCu electrocatalysts. Specifically, the proposed studies aimed to test a bifunctional hypothetical DMTM reaction mechanism on these electrocatalysts.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗