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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2018

Range and Intensity Image-Based Terrain and Vehicle Relative Pose Estimation System

A navigation system includes an image acquisition device for acquiring a range image of a target vehicle, at least one processor, a memory including a target vehicle model and computer readable program code, where the processor and the computer readable program code are configured to cause the navigation system to convert the range image to a point cloud having three dimensions, compute a transform from the target vehicle model to the point cloud, and use the transform to estimate the target vehicle's attitude and position for capturing the target vehicle.

Gill, Nathaniel↗
DOE OSTI2017

New Lab-Funded Initiative in Chemical Transformations

The Chemical Transformations Initiative (CTI) has been launched at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory! The CTI is funded through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program as a lab-level initiative to develop foundational capabilities at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for chemical conversion processes having minimal or no environmental impact.

Mueller, Karl T.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Working With the Hydropower Program in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Water Power Technologies Office

The Hydropower Program at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Water Power Technologies Office (WPTO) supports research, development, demonstration, and commercial activities to: • Advance transformative, cost-effective, reliable, and environmentally sustainable hydropower and pumped storage hydropower technologies. • Better understand and capitalize on opportunities for these technologies to support the nation’s rapidly evolving grid. • Improve energy-water infrastructure and security.

hydropower, hydropower facts, hydropower statistic↗
NASA NTRS2000

Participation In The AXAF Program As Interdisciplinary Scientist

We have supported the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) project through specific studies and research in X-ray astronomy. Our research in X-ray astronomy has been concentrated in three projects: the ROSAT Deep Survey, the ROSAT All-sky Cluster Survey, and the study of moderate to high redshift clusters discovered serendipitously in long ROSAT pointings utilizing the wavelet transform. We have continued to develop the techniques and catalogues described in the publications listed below. The PI continued to participate in the SWG and attended its meetings except where conflicts existed. The Co-I supported the PI and attended all meetings in order to provide continuity. A post-doctoral fellow (Rosati) was hired to fully develop the techniques described above and make them applicable to the AXAF program. The results are described in the publications below. We continued to provide analysis of scientific and technical issues to the project scientist as appropriate. We made detailed simulations of the AXAF deep survey program and have made this available to the project and the ASC. The principal scientific results, discussed in great detail in the publications listed below, are as follows: (1) The wavelet transform is now a fine working tool for the analysis of faint X-ray sources especially clusters. (2) The analysis of the ROSAT DEEP CLUSTER SURVEY has given important constraints on cosmology particularly on the matter content of the universe and the amplitude of the fluctuations that created the galaxies and clusters. (3) The ROSAT DEEP SURVEY in the Lockman Hole has given an important'deep survey in the X-ray band that gives vital data on the distribution and evolution of X-ray sources. It is an important and complementary data base to compare with the AXAF deep fields. (4) The Northern ROSAT All Sky Cluster Survey now has a complete catalog and is again important and complementary to AXAF/ Chandra studies of clusters which are deeper but in a narrower area. These projects have had a significant impact on the whole field and have set up some excellent experiments to be undertaken with the AXAF/Chandra telescope such as the Chandra Deep Field South.

Giacconi, Riccardo↗
DOE OSTI2024

2019 Budget Request for the DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF) Grant

The Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (DOE CSGF) is necessary to meet the continual challenging national workforce needs that arise as computational science and engineering problems continue to grow in scope and complexity. Computational science and engineering (CSE) is a multidisciplinary approach that uses scientific computing to solve practical problems methods and to supply technical tools across the scientific discovery spectrum. In particular, the DOE CSGF emphasizes high-performance computing (HPC) that enables CSE that advances science and engineering in directions important to the DOE and the economy in general. Over the past half-century, HPC has been an essential tool for DOE’s success. During this period, important missions, such as nuclear stockpile stewardship, have turned to HPC as an essential technology. Entire science disciplines, such as biology and cosmology, have been transformed through the augmentation of scientific observation via HPC. At government laboratories and in industry, DOE CSGF alumni are helping push traditional HPC boundaries while contributing to discoveries in high-energy physics, renewable energy, fusion-reactor design, additive manufacturing, nanomaterials for next-generation batteries and transistors, and turbine and advanced nuclear reactor modeling. In addition, HPC is used to address national health needs that will eventually point to cures both by helping cancer researchers manage and analyze huge troves of data, by simulating biological mechanisms, and by accelerating drug development — including continuing to rise to the challenge of pandemic-related research. A 2023 report from the ASCAC Subcommittee on American Competitiveness and Innovation to the ASCR office, “Can the United States Maintain Its Leadership in High-Performance Computing?” says of the Program, “The CSGF program provides a barometer for disciplines that will be of interest to future DOE computing.” An explosion in scientific and technological data has driven the need for increasingly sophisticated HPC to transform those data into scientific understanding. With access to more and more data and the proliferation of HPC, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence are experiencing a renaissance, complementing the now well-established use of computational simulation. Indeed, in its September 2020 subcommittee report on “AI/ML, Data Intensive Science and High-Performance Computing”, the DOE Advanced Scientific Computing Advisory Committee (ASCAC) explicitly called for a fellowship program to train computational and data scientists to tackle exascale and data-intensive computing challenges. This collaboration of empirical and theory-based modeling will increasingly inform federal policymakers whose decisions affect American society and future generations, and it requires highly skilled and intellectually agile computational scientists who can support the fast-moving DOE National Laboratory research environment. In fact, the DOE CSGF program has explicitly and consistently addressed this need.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Sequential Dosing Strategies for Controlling Selectivity and Plasma-Phase Contributions in Plasma Catalysis

Plasma-assisted catalysis has advanced in recent years, particularly for transforming stable reactants at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. However, achieving a deeper understanding of the many plasma and catalytic contributions remains a significant goal, as improving product yield and selectivity in plasma catalysis depends on proper catalyst selection, which is often challenging due to the complex interplay between plasma-phase and plasma-surface reactions. A sequential methodology has emerged as a means to decouple the catalyst activity from plasma-phase reactions. In this approach, nonthermal plasma is used in one step to activate and/or convert a gas phase or surface bound reactant, while in a second step, the catalyst directs product formation under steady-state or temperature-programmed conditions. This review examines studies using this technique for reactions involving N 2 , CO 2 , and SO 2 , offering insights into reaction mechanisms and catalyst behavior/selection for these transformations. These systematic studies provide a framework that can be applied to other plasma-assisted reactions. We also highlight remaining questions, propose directions for future studies, and discuss the potential of applying this methodology to other reaction systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Fluorine-programmed nanozipping to tailored nanographenes on rutile TiO 2 surfaces

The rational synthesis of nanographenes and carbon nanoribbons directly on nonmetallic surfaces has been an elusive goal for a long time. In this paper, we report that activation of the carbon (C)–fluorine (F) bond is a reliable and versatile tool enabling intramolecular aryl-aryl coupling directly on metal oxide surfaces. A challenging multistep transformation enabled by C–F bond activation led to a dominolike coupling that yielded tailored nanographenes directly on the rutile titania surface. Because of efficient regioselective zipping, we obtained the target nanographenes from flexible precursors. Fluorine positions in the precursor structure unambiguously dictated the running of the “zipping program,” resulting in the rolling up of oligophenylene chains. Finally, the high efficiency of the hydrogen fluoride zipping makes our approach attractive for the rational synthesis of nanographenes and nanoribbons directly on insulating and semiconducting surfaces.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Laboratory-Directed Research and Development 2016 Summary Annual Report

The Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) reports its status to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by March of each year. The program operates under the authority of DOE Order 413.2C, “Laboratory Directed Research and Development” (April 19, 2006), which establishes DOE’s requirements for the program while providing the laboratory director broad flexibility for program implementation. LDRD funds are obtained through a charge to all INL programs. This report includes summaries of all INL LDRD research activities supported during Fiscal Year (FY) 2016. INL is the lead laboratory for the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE). The INL mission is to discover, demonstrate, and secure innovative nuclear energy solutions, other clean energy options, and critical infrastructure with a vision to change the world’s energy future and secure our critical infrastructure. Operating since 1949, INL is the nation’s leading research, development, and demonstration center for nuclear energy, including nuclear nonproliferation and physical and cyber-based protection of energy systems and critical infrastructure, as well as integrated energy systems research, development, demonstration, and deployment. INL has been managed and operated by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (a wholly owned company of Battelle) for DOE since 2005. Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC, is a partnership between Battelle, BWX Technologies, Inc., AECOM, the Electric Power Research Institute, the National University Consortium (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ohio State University, North Carolina State University, University of New Mexico, and Oregon State University), and the Idaho university collaborators (i.e., University of Idaho, Idaho State University, and Boise State University). Since its creation, INL’s research and development (R&D) portfolio has broadened with targeted programs supporting national missions to advance nuclear energy, enable clean energy deployment, and secure and modernize critical infrastructure. INL’s research, development, and demonstration capabilities, its resources, and its unique geography enable integration of scientific discovery, innovation, engineering, operations, and controls into complex large-scale testbeds for discovery, innovation, and demonstration of transformational clean energy and security concepts. These attributes strengthen INL’s leadership as a demonstration laboratory. As a national resource, INL also applies its capabilities and skills to the specific needs of other federal agencies and customers through DOE’s Strategic Partnership Program.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
NASA NTRS1980

Documentation of program AFTBDY to generate coordinate system for 3D after body using body fitted curvilinear coordinates, part 1

The computer program AFTBDY generates a body fitted curvilinear coordinate system for a wedge curved after body. This wedge curved after body is being used in an experimental program. The coordinate system generated by AFTBDY is used to solve 3D compressible N.S. equations. The coordinate system in the physical plane is a cartesian x,y,z system, whereas, in the transformed plane a rectangular xi, eta, zeta system is used. The coordinate system generated is such that in the transformed plane coordinate spacing in the xi, eta, zeta direction is constant and equal to unity. The physical plane coordinate lines in the different regions are clustered heavily or sparsely depending on the regions where physical quantities to be solved for by the N.S. equations have high or low gradients. The coordinate distribution in the physical plane is such that x stays constant in eta and zeta direction, whereas, z stays constant in xi and eta direction. The desired distribution in x and z is input to the program. Consequently, only the y-coordinate is solved for by the program AFTBDY.

Kumar, D.↗
DOE OSTI2023

US Department of Energy Better Plants Program’s Approach to Manufacturing Workforce Development

Multiple studies suggest that by 2030, millions of jobs may go unfilled because of a significant skills gap between the current manufacturing workforce and the workforce needed to support the shift toward advanced and sustainable manufacturing. According to US manufacturers, finding the right talent is more difficult now than in previous years. Developing a well-trained workforce will play a critical role in transforming the manufacturing sector into a net-zero contributor of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. To help reduce energy, water, waste, and greenhouse gas emissions as well as build a strong, sustainable manufacturing workforce, the US Department of Energy created the voluntary Better Plants program in 2011. This study discusses the program’s various workforce development activities, including in-plant trainings, virtual in-plant trainings, and in-person bootcamps. The target audiences, training objectives, and topics designed to upskill workers for a low-carbon manufacturing future are described. Feedback that was collected (e.g., new training topics, certifications, hands-on activities) while working with more than 270 US manufacturers for the past 12 years on workforce development are discussed. Finally, some strategies are proposed to address the feedback.

Guo, Wei↗
DOE OSTI2017

Polyhedral approximation in mixed-integer convex optimization

Generalizing both mixed-integer linear optimization and convex optimization, mixed-integer convex optimization possesses broad modeling power but has seen relatively few advances in general-purpose solvers in recent years. Here, we intend to provide a broadly accessible introduction to our recent work in developing algorithms and software for this problem class. Our approach is based on constructing polyhedral outer approximations of the convex constraints, resulting in a global solution by solving a finite number of mixed-integer linear and continuous convex subproblems. The key advance we present is to strengthen the polyhedral approximations by constructing them in a higher-dimensional space. In order to automate this extended formulation we rely on the algebraic modeling technique of disciplined convex programming (DCP), and for generality and ease of implementation we use conic representations of the convex constraints. Although our framework requires a manual translation of existing models into DCP form, after performing this transformation on the MINLPLIB2 benchmark library we were able to solve a number of unsolved instances and on many other instances achieve superior performance compared with state-of-the-art solvers like Bonmin, SCIP, and Artelys Knitro.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1976

Program documentation: B-average Bhattacharyya distance

The total Bhattacharyya distance is calculated using all N channels. The output of this subroutine is used to construct the B matrix using one or two Householder transformations. FORTRAN calling sequences are given.

Marani, S. K.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Recovery Act – Integrated Pilot-Scale Biorefinery for Producing Ethanol from Hybrid Algae

As a scientific and engineering endeavor, the Algenol IBR Biorefinery project has been a success by almost any measure. The vision for the system evolved significantly over the course of the project, always due to recognized opportunities for improved performance, lower energy consumption, and reduced costs. Our commitment to thorough, realistic, techno-economic and life cycle assessments has been an essential element for system innovation, technology guidance, and change management of the overall facility. The biological tools developed during this program for cyanobacteria are second to none, and are the primary reason for the remarkable improvements in organism performance. The breakthrough was the successful transformation of our most robust wild type organism (AB1) early in 2012. That was followed by a series of improvements over the next several years that produced strains wherein over 80% of the fixed carbon was converted into ethanol. At the same time, our expertise in cultivation, physiology, process engineering, CO2 management, and photobioreactor design and manufacturing grew at a comparable pace. We learned enormous amounts from the various upsets, weather variations, contamination events, and new technology related disappointments. We overcame those challenges to produce fuel grade ethanol with a low carbon footprint, and are within striking distance of economic viability even with the challenges of low fossil fuel prices.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
NASA NTRS1973

Statistical Evaluation of Time Series Analysis Techniques

The performance of a modified version of NASA's multivariate spectrum analysis program is discussed. A multiple regression model was used to make the revisions. Performance improvements were documented and compared to the standard fast Fourier transform by Monte Carlo techniques.

Benignus, V. A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The Improvement of Efficiency in the Numerical Computation of Orbit Trajectories

An analysis, system design, programming, and evaluation of results are described for numerical computation of orbit trajectories. Evaluation of generalized methods, interaction of different formulations for satellite motion, transformation of equations of motion and integrator loads, and development of efficient integrators are also considered.

Dyer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A study and evaluation of image analysis techniques applied to remotely sensed data

An analysis of phenomena causing nonlinearities in the transformation from Landsat multispectral scanner coordinates to ground coordinates is presented. Experimental results comparing rms errors at ground control points indicated a slight improvement when a nonlinear (8-parameter) transformation was used instead of an affine (6-parameter) transformation. Using a preliminary ground truth map of a test site in Alabama covering the Mobile Bay area and six Landsat images of the same scene, several classification methods were assessed. A methodology was developed for automatic change detection using classification/cluster maps. A coding scheme was employed for generation of change depiction maps indicating specific types of changes. Inter- and intraseasonal data of the Mobile Bay test area were compared to illustrate the method. A beginning was made in the study of data compression by applying a Karhunen-Loeve transform technique to a small section of the test data set. The second part of the report provides a formal documentation of the several programs developed for the analysis and assessments presented.

Atkinson, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Solenoid-Simulation Circuit

Electrical properties of solenoids imitated for tests of control circuits. Simulation circuit imitates voltage and current responses of two engine-controlling solenoids. Used in tests of programs of digital engine-control circuits, also provides electronic interface with circuits imitating electrical properties of pressure sensors and linear variable-differential transformers. Produces voltages, currents, delays, and discrete turnon and turnoff signals representing operation of solenoid in engine-control relay. Many such circuits used simulating overall engine circuitry.

Simon, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Experimental and raytrace results for throat-to-throat compound parabolic concentrators

Compound parabolic concentrators are nonimaging cone-shaped optics with useful angular transmission characteristics. Two cones used throat-to-throat accept radiant flux within one well-defined acceptance angle and redistribute it into another. If the entrance cone is fed with Lambertian flux, the exit cone produces a beam whose half-angle is the exit cone's acceptance angle and whose cross section shows uniform irradiance from near the exit mouth to infinity. (The pair is a beam angle transformer). The design of one pair of cones is discussed, also an experiment to map the irradiance of the emergent beam, and a raytracing program which models the cones fed by Lambertian flux. Experimental results compare favorably with raytrace results.

Leviton, D. B.↗