Method to Assess the Wind and Solar Resource and to Quantify Interannual Variability over the United States under Current and Projected Future Climate
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14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
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Assessing the reliability of medical resource demand models in the context of COVID-19
Abstract Background Numerous medical resource demand models have been created as tools for governments or hospitals, aiming to predict the need for crucial resources like ventilators, hospital beds, personal protective equipment (PPE), and diagnostic kits during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the reliability of these demand models remains uncertain. Methods Demand models typically consist of two main components: hospital use epidemiological models that predict hospitalizations or daily admissions, and a demand calculator that translates the outputs of the epidemiological model into predictions for resource usage. We conducted separate analyses to evaluate each of these components. In the first analysis, we validated various hospital use epidemiological models using a recent validation framework designed for epidemiological models. This allowed us to quantify the accuracy of the models in predicting critical aspects such as the date and magnitude of local COVID-19 peaks, among other factors. In the second analysis, we evaluated a range of demand calculators for ventilators, medical gowns, and COVID-19 test kits. To achieve this, we decoupled these demand calculators from the underlying epidemiological models and provided ground truth data for their inputs. This approach enabled a direct comparison of the demand calculators, comparing them against each other and actual usage data when available. The code is available athttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13712387. Results Performance varied greatly across the epidemiological models, with greater variability in COVID-19 hospital use predictions than for COVID-19 deaths as analyzed previously. Some models did not have any peaks. Among those that did, the models under-estimated date of peak approximately as often as they over-estimated, but were more likely to under-estimate magnitude of peak, with typical relative errors around 50%. Regarding demand calculator predictions, there was significant variability, including five-fold differences in predictions for gown models. Validation against actual or surrogate usage data illustrated the potential value of demand models while demonstrating their limitations. Conclusions The emerging field of demand modeling holds promise in averting medical resource shortages during future public health emergencies. However, achieving this potential necessitates focused efforts on standardization, transparency, and rigorous model validation before placing reliance on demand models in critical public health decision-making.
Medical Informatics↗
Snake River Plain Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis Heat, Permeability, and Seal CRS Map Raster Files
Snake River Plain Play Fairway Analysis - Phase 1 CRS Raster Files. This dataset contains raster files created in ArcGIS. These raster images depict Common Risk Segment (CRS) maps for HEAT, PERMEABILITY, AND SEAL, as well as selected maps of Evidence Layers. These evidence layers consist of either Bayesian krige functions or kernel density functions, and include: (1) HEAT: Heat flow (Bayesian krige map), Heat flow standard error on the krige function (data confidence), volcanic vent distribution as function of age and size, groundwater temperature (equivalue interval and natural breaks bins), and groundwater T standard error. (2) PERMEABILTY: Fault and lineament maps, both as mapped and as kernel density functions, processed for both dilational tendency (TD) and slip tendency (ST), along with data confidence maps for each data type. Data types include mapped surface faults from USGS and Idaho Geological Survey data bases, as well as unpublished mapping; lineations derived from maximum gradients in magnetic, deep gravity, and intermediate depth gravity anomalies. (3) SEAL: Seal maps based on presence and thickness of lacustrine sediments and base of SRP aquifer. Raster size is 2 km. All files generated in ArcGIS.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Appalachian Basin Play Fairway Analysis: Thermal Quality Analysis in Low-Temperature Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis (GPFA-AB)
This collection of files are part of a larger dataset uploaded in support of Low Temperature Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis for the Appalachian Basin (GPFA-AB). Phase 1 of the GPFA-AB project identified potential Geothermal Play Fairways within the Appalachian basin of Pennsylvania, West Virginia and New York. This was accomplished through analysis of 4 key criteria: thermal quality, natural reservoir productivity, risk of seismicity, and heat utilization. Each of these analyses represent a distinct project task, with the fifth task encompassing combination of the 4 risks factors. Supporting data for all five tasks has been uploaded into the Geothermal Data Repository node of the National Geothermal Data System (NGDS). This submission comprises the data for Thermal Quality Analysis (project task 1) and includes all of the necessary shapefiles, rasters, datasets, code, and references to code repositories that were used to create the thermal resource and risk factor maps as part of the GPFA-AB project. The identified Geothermal Play Fairways are also provided with the larger dataset. Figures (.png) are provided as examples of the shapefiles and rasters. The regional standardized 1 square km grid used in the project is also provided as points (cell centers), polygons, and as a raster. Two ArcGIS toolboxes are available: 1) RegionalGridModels.tbx for creating resource and risk factor maps on the standardized grid, and 2) ThermalRiskFactorModels.tbx for use in making the thermal resource maps and cross sections. These toolboxes contain item description documentation for each model within the toolbox, and for the toolbox itself. This submission also contains three R scripts: 1) AddNewSeisFields.R to add seismic risk data to attribute tables of seismic risk, 2) StratifiedKrigingInterpolation.R for the interpolations used in the thermal resource analysis, and 3) LeaveOneOutCrossValidation.R for the cross validations used in the thermal interpolations. Some file descriptions make reference to various 'memos'. These are contained within the final report submitted October 16, 2015. Each zipped file in the submission contains an 'about' document describing the full Thermal Quality Analysis content available, along with key sources, authors, citation, use guidelines, and assumptions, with the specific file(s) contained within the .zip file highlighted. UPDATE: Newer version of the Thermal Quality Analysis has been added here: https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/879 (Also linked below) Newer version of the Combined Risk Factor Analysis has been added here: https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/880 (Also linked below)
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
SE Great Basin Play Fairway Analysis PFA Models and Probability Map
This submission includes a Na/K geothermometer probability greater than 200 deg C map, as well as two play fairway analysis (PFA) models. The probability map acts as a composite risk segment for the PFA models. The PFA models differ in their application of magnetotelluric conductors as composite risk segments. These PFA models map out the geothermal potential in the region of SE Great Basin, Utah.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Tularosa Basin Play Fairway Analysis Data and Models
This submission includes raster datasets for each layer of evidence used for weights of evidence analysis as well as the deterministic play fairway analysis (PFA). Data representative of heat, permeability and groundwater comprises some of the raster datasets. Additionally, the final deterministic PFA model is provided along with a certainty model. All of these datasets are best used with an ArcGIS software package, specifically Spatial Data Modeler.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Washington State Play Fairway Analysis - Passive Monitoring of St. Helens Shear Zone for Tomography and Precision Microseismic Event Detection
Data resources were derived from a passive seismic survey of the northern St. Helens Shear Zone on geothermal leases 12-24 km north of Mount St. Helens for phase 2 of the Geothermal Play-Fairway Analysis of Washington State Prospects. A 20 seismic station array of broadband seismometers was deployed with irregular spacing (1-4 km) over an area of 12 km to image seismogenic features and their damage zones in the shallow crust.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Washington Play Fairway Analysis - Poly 3D Matlab Fault Modeling Scripts with Input Data to Create Permeability Potential Models
Matlab scripts and functions and data used to build Poly3D models and create permeability potential layers for 1) St. Helens Shear Zone, 2) Wind River Valley, and 3) Mount Baker geothermal prospect areas located in Washington state.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Data for Known Geothermal Resource Areas (KGRA) and Identified Hydrothermal Resource Areas (IHRA) in Southern Idaho and Southeastern Oregon
The presented database includes water chemistry data and structural rating values for various geothermal features used for performing principal component (PC) and cluster analyses work to identify promising KGRAs and IHRAs in southern Idaho and southeastern Oregon. A brief note on various KGRAs/IHRAs is also included herewith. Results of PC and cluster analyses are presented as a separate paper (Lindsey et al., 2017) that is, as of the time of this submission, in 'revision' status.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Appalachian Basin Play Fairway Analysis Thermal Risk Factor and Quality Analyses
*This submission revises the analysis and products for Thermal Quality Analysis for the northern half of the Appalachian Basin (https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/638)* This submission is one of five major parts of a Low Temperature Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis. Phase 1 of the project identified potential Geothermal Play Fairways within the Appalachian basin of Pennsylvania, West Virginia and New York. This submission includes a subset of the necessary shapefiles, rasters, datasets, code, and references to code repositories that were used to create the thermal resource and risk factor maps as part of the project. This subset is those contents that were improved upon during calendar year 2016. Figures are provided as examples of some shapefiles and rasters. See also: Final Report: Low Temperature Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis for the Appalachian Basin (https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/899). The 2015 data submission should be visited to obtain: 1) the regional standardized 1 square km grid used in the project as points (cell centers), polygons, and as a raster, 2) the raw well data for the state well temperature databases, 3) the COSUNA section shapefile and formation thermal conductivities by state as *.xlsx files, 4) the sediment thickness map and 30 m Digital Elevation Model for the Appalachian Basin as GeoTIFF raster files, 5) the BHT correction sections shapefile and drilling fluid databases as *.csv files, 6) the unbuffered interpolation regions as shapefiles, 7) several 50 km buffered interpolation regions as shapefiles, 8) several gridded interpolation regions as raster files, 9) an R script for organizing the thermal data and running the local spatial outlier analysis, 10) shapefiles and rasters for the prediction, uncertainty, and cross validation of the temperature at 1.5 km, 2.5 km, and 3.5 km depth, 11) shapefiles and rasters for the prediction, uncertainty, and cross validation depth to 100 degrees C, 12) an ArcGIS toolbox for thermal risk factor models, 13) an ArcGIS model for extracting results specific to each county of interest, 14) thermal resource cross section plots, 15) the geothermal Play Fairways.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Wave Classification Statistical Data for US Waters
Wave statistics computed using output from the NOAA WWIII hindcast simulations, spanning thirty years from 1980 to 2009. The statistics are computed based on frequency-directional variance density spectra every three hours for 1951 locations in US waters.
16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
A Measurement-Based Analysis of the Hydrokinetic Energy in the Gulf Stream
This study uses ocean current measurements made off the East Coast of the United States of America to evaluate the ocean current-based electricity production potential in the Gulf Stream. Drifter data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) are used to map the energy density from South Florida to North Carolina, showing that the most energy dense areas exist off the east coast of Central Florida. Bottom- and vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements are used to conduct a more detailed study near 26°N and 27°N, respectively. Furthermore, these results quantify the energy profiles in these regions, suggesting that 54% more energy dense currents are available at 27°N than at 26°N.
16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
Subsurface Energy Systems Mapping Inquiry Tool (MapIT)
The Subsurface Energy Systems Mapping Inquiry Tool (MapIT) is an online web mapping tool designed to help users discover available public-sourced data to facilitate data exploration for subsurface energy exploration and characterization efforts for resource identification (e.g. critical minerals, hydrocarbons, geothermal) as well as injection of geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide (e.g. enhanced oil recovery, saline storage, etc.). Modules within the tool curate data related to geology, faults, fractures, injection and confining zones, hydrologic information, groundwater, groundwater wells, geomechanical and petrophysical data, and geochemical data. User documentation on how to use the tool is also provided. Data have been collected from authoritative national, state, and local sources and made available in this tool. The data is also available as a data catalog and Esri Geodatabase at: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/mapit-database Disclaimer: There is no guarantee of completeness or appropriateness for individual user’s requirements. Use of this tool is solely at the discretion of the user. See full Federal Disclaimer for further information (https://netl.doe.gov/home/disclaimer). This project was funded by the United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, in part, through a site support contract. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor the support contractor, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. https://www.netl.doe.gov/home/disclaimer
Carbon Sequestration↗
Results of CO2 Storage Efficiency in Deep Saline Formations – Stage 2
Conference paper presented at 14th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-14), Melbourne, Australia, October 12–25, 2018. Previous dynamic simulations indicate that it may take hundreds of years and an unrealistic number of wells to approach a static volumetrically derived estimate of storage capacity and efficiency for an actual large-scale CO 2 storage development. This study shows how efficiency factors may be influenced by key parameters of practical project development, such as a 50-year injection period, number of wells and drilling sequence, onshore vs. offshore conditions, and increasing unit storage cost as development intensifies. Two potential storage formations were investigated: the Minnelusa Formation of the Powder River Basin and the Bunter Sandstone of the North Sea Basin.
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
Field Measurements at River and Tidal Current Sites for Hydrokinetic Energy Development: Best Practices Manual
In this report, existing data collection techniques and protocols for characterizing open channel flows are reviewed and refined to further address the needs of the MHK industry. The report provides an overview of the hydrodynamics of river and tidal channels, and the working principles of modern acoustic instrumentation, including best practices in remote sensing methods that can be applied to hydrokinetic energy site characterization. Emphasis is placed upon acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and acoustic-Doppler current profiler (ADCP) instruments, as these represent the most practical and economical tools for use in the MHK industry. Incorporating the best practices as found in the literature, including the parameters to be measured, the instruments to be deployed, the instrument deployment strategy, and data post-processing techniques. The data collected from this procedure aims to inform the hydro-mechanical design of MHK systems with respect to energy generation and structural loading, as well as provide reference hydrodynamics for environmental impact studies. The standard metrics and protocols defined herein can be utilized to guide field experiments with MHK systems.
13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
Solar Technical Assistance Team (Revised) (Fact Sheet)
The Solar Technical Assistance Team (STAT) is a team of solar technology and deployment experts who ensure that the best information on policies, regulations, financing, and other issues is getting into the hands of state government decision makers whey they need it. This fact sheet provides information about STAT and the STAT webinar series for the summer of 2012.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Solar Technology Validation Project - Hualapai Valley Solar (Met Station): Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)
Under this Agreement, NREL will work with Participant to improve concentrating solar power system performance characterizations. This work includes, but is not limited to, research and development of methods for acquiring renewable resource characterization information using site-specific measurements of solar radiation and meteorological conditions; collecting system performance data; and developing tools for improving the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of solar energy conversion systems. This work will be conducted at NREL and Participant facilities.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Adjoint Weighting Methods Applied to Monte Carlo Simulations of Applications and Experiments in Nuclear Criticality
The goals of this project are to develop Monte Carlo radiation transport methods and simulation software for engineering analysis that are robust, efficient and easy to use; and provide computational resources to assess and improve the predictive capability of radiation transport methods and nuclear data.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗