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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 811 records · Page 45
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

2014 Annual Site Environmental Report Summary Pamphlet for Sandia National Laboratories New Mexico

Sandia Corporation's (Sandia's) enduring core mission is to provide science and engineering support for the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile. Today, the mission encompasses additional critical aspects of national security, including developing technologies and strategies for responding to emerging threats, protecting and preventing the disruption of critical infrastructures, and supporting the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Sandia also collaborates with representatives from other government agencies, the industrial sector, and universities to develop and commercialize new technologies.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between National Energy Technology Laboratory and Korea Institute of Energy Research [Abstract]

The Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) intend to collaborate under a CRADA to advance the development of oxy-combustion technology, with an emphasis on process modeling, optimization, and techno-economic analysis. This collaboration will result in the development of a full-scale process model of a commercial oxy-fueled circulating fluid bed combustion (oxy-CFBC) plant, informed from pilot-scale data and built using the Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) process systems engineering framework. It will also generate cost comparisons of the optimized oxyCFBC process with an air-CFBC process with and without carbon capture and sequestration.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nuclear data for space exploration

Understanding the harmful effects of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on space exploration requires a substantial amount of nuclear data. Specifically, the interaction of energetic GCR charged particles with spacecraft materials generates secondary radiations that, through energy deposition, can harm astronauts and electronic systems. By identifying the gaps in our knowledge of the relevant nuclear data—such as interaction cross sections—and identifying ways to fill those gaps—with measurements, compilations, evaluations, dissemination, reaction modeling, sensitivity studies, and uncertainty quantification—the safety and viability of space exploration can be improved. This work surveys the state of the art in this interdisciplinary field and identifies promising collaborative research topics that have significant potential to advance our understanding of the effects of the space radiation environment on space exploration.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Quantum Materials at the Nanoscale - Final Report

The central aim of the Quantum Materials at the Nanoscale (QMN) cluster was to understand and control collective behavior involving the interplay of spins, orbitals, and charges, which governs many scientifically interesting and technologically important phenomena in numerous complex materials. Because these phenomena involve various competing interactions, and influence properties on many different length and energy scales in complex materials, tackling this important area of study motivated a collaborative effort that combined the diverse capabilities of QMN cluster experimentalists, the essential theoretical analysis provided by QMN cluster theorists, and the outstanding facilities and staff of the FSMRL. During the funding period 2007-2014, the DOE cluster grant for the Quantum Materials at the Nanoscale (QMN) cluster supported, at various times, 15 different faculty members (14 in Physics and 1 in Materials Science and Engineering), 7 postdoctoral research associates, and 57 physics and materials science PhD students. 41 of these PhD students have since graduated and have gone on to a variety of advanced technical positions at universities, industries, and national labs: 25 obtained postdoctoral positions at universities (14), industrial labs (2 at IBM), DOE national facilities (3 at Argonne National Laboratory, 1 at Brookhaven National Lab, 1 at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, and 1 at Sandia National Lab), and other federal facilities (2 at NIST); 13 took various industrial positions, including positions at Intel (5), Quantum Design (1), Lasque Industries (1), Amazon (1), Bloomberg (1), and J.P. Morgan (1). Thus, the QMN grant provided the essential support for training a large number of technically advanced personnel who have now entered key national facilities, industries, and institutions. Additionally, during the period 2007-2015, the QMN cluster produced 159 publications (see pages 14-23), including 23 papers published in Physical Review Letters; 16 papers in Nature, Nature Physics, Nature Materials, or Nature Communications; 4 papers in Science, and 8 papers in Applied Physics Letters. In this report, we provide some key highlights of the collaborative projects in which the QMN cluster members have been involved since 2007.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Consequence-driven cyber-informed engineering (CCE)

The Idaho National Lab (INL) is leading a high-impact, national security-level initiative to reprioritize the way the nation looks at high-consequence risk within the industrial control systems (ICS) environment of the country’s most critical infrastructure and other national assets. The Consequence-driven Cyber-informed Engineering (CCE) effort provides both private and public organizations with the steps required to examine their own environments for high-impact events/risks; identify implementation of key devices and components that facilitate that risk; illuminate specific, plausible cyber attack paths to manipulate these devices; and develop concrete mitigations, protections, and tripwires to address the high-consequence risk. The ultimate goal of the CCE effort is to help organizations take the steps necessary to thwart cyber attacks from even top-tier, highly resourced adversaries that would result in a catastrophic physical effect. CCE participants are encouraged to work collaboratively with each other and with key U.S. Government (USG) contributors to establish a coalition, maximizing the positive effect of lessons-learned and further contributing to the protection of critical infrastructure and other national assets.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Assessing saturation physics explanations of collectivity in small collision systems with the ip-jazma model

Experimental measurements in relativistic collisions of small systems from $p + p$ to $p/d/ ^3He + A$ at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reveal particle emission patterns that are strikingly similar to those observed in $A + A$ collisions of large nuclei. One explanation of these patterns is the formation of small droplets of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) followed by hydrodynamic evolution. A geometry engineering program was proposed to further investigate these emission patterns, and the experimental data from that program in $p + Au, d + Au, ^3 He + Au$ collisions for elliptic and triangular anisotropy coefficients $v_2$ and $v_3$ follow the pattern predicted by hydrodynamic calculations [C. Aidala et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Nat. Phys. 15, 214 (2019)]. One alternative approach, referred to as initial-state correlations, suggests that for small systems the patterns observed in the final-state hadrons are encoded at the earliest moments of the collision and therefore require no final-state parton scattering or hydrodynamic evolution. Recently, new calculations using only initial-state correlations, in the dilute-dense approximation of gluon saturation physics, reported striking agreement with the $v_2$ patterns observed in $p/d/ ^3He + Au$ data at RHIC [M. Mace, V. V. Skokov, P. Tribedy, and R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 052301 (2018)]. The results reported by Mace, Skokov, Tribedy and Venugopalan (MSTV) are counterintuitive and thus we aim here to reproduce some of the basic features of these calculations. In this first investigation, we provide a description of our publicly available model, ip-jazma, and investigate its implications for saturation scales, multiplicity distributions, and eccentricities, reserving for later work the analysis of momentum spectra and azimuthal anisotropies. We find that our implementation of the saturation physics model reproduces the results of the MSTV calculation of the multiplicity distribution in $d + Au$ collisions at RHIC. However, additional aspects of studies, together with existing data, call into question some of the essential elements reported by MSTV. Resolution of these issues will require further developments of ip-jazma, in order to determine if it can replicate the qualitative agreement with the $v_2$ reported by MSTV. Both the work reported here and future studies will establish which features in the experimental data are uniquely attributable to the color glass condensate description.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Direct Drive Wave Energy Buoy

This Project aims to satisfy objectives of the DOE’s Water Power Program by completing a system detailed design (SDD) and other important activities in the first phase of a utility-scale grid-connected ocean wave energy demonstration. In early 2012, Columbia Power (CPwr) had determined that further cost and performance optimization was necessary in order to commercialize its StingRAY wave energy converter (WEC). CPwr’s progress toward commercialization, and the requisite technology development path, were focused on transitioning toward a commercial-scale demonstration. This path required significant investment to be successful, and the justification for this investment required improved annual energy production (AEP) and lower capital costs. Engineering solutions were developed to address these technical and cost challenges, incorporated into a proposal to the US Department of Energy (DOE), and then adapted to form the technical content and statement of project objectives of the resulting Project (DE-EE0005930). Through Project cost-sharing and technical collaboration between DOE and CPwr, and technical collaboration with Oregon State University (OSU), National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) and other Project partners, we have demonstrated experimentally that these conceptual improvements have merit and made significant progress towards a certified WEC system design at a selected and contracted deployment site at the Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) at the Marine Corps Base in Oahu, HI (MCBH).

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2018

Control Room Modernization End-State Design Philosophy

The Control Room Modernization (CRM) research effort is a part of the Light-Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program, which is a research and development program sponsored by Department of Energy (DOE) and performed in close collaboration with industry research and development programs that provides the technical foundations for licensing and managing the long-term, safe, and economical operation of current nuclear power plants. One of the primary missions of the LWRS program is to help the U.S. nuclear industry adopt new technologies and engineering solutions that facilitate the continued safe operation of the plants and extension of the current operating licenses. This report describes the background and technical basis for an end-state vision design philosophy for and advanced hybrid control room.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2021

FY 2021 Mid-Year HPC Utilization Report M3UF-21IN0701018

Idaho National Laboratory (INL), supported by the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) through the Nuclear Science User Facilities, provides access to supercomputer systems and data storage along with support staff for system management, software installation, cybersecurity and user support to the broader DOE-NE user community. Users include individuals at universities, industry, and government laboratories enabling a wide range of research and development and mission-supporting activities. The availability of high-performance computing (HPC) capabilities is a key foundation of collaboration and innovation in nuclear energy systems research. HPC resources and INL directly support the mission and objectives of DOE-NE. From October 2020 through March 2021, INL HPC capabilities were utilized by a diverse set of computing and applied researchers, for a wide range of research and engineering activities. This report focuses on current INL HPC systems and utilization from October 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2025

FY25 Cellular Silicone Foam Friction Testing Summary Report

This effort was a collaboration between LANL groups MPA-CINT, E-13, and V-14 to characterize various properties of foam materials for programmatic work. Specifically, MPA-CINT staff members’ contribution to this effort was to perform friction testing of cellular silicone foams of two different porosities with respect to two engineering materials with predefined surface roughnesses. The selected foams (henceforth serving as the sled material interface exposed to motion) had porosities of 67% and 70% with respect to fabricated values. The other materials used in the friction testing measurement couple (static track material) were 304 Stainless Steel (304 SS) and Very High-Temperature Glass-Mica Ceramic, known as Macor®.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effects of Hybridization on Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Thermal Management of a Medium Heavy-Duty Hybrid Work Truck

The increased market penetration of hybrid electric powertrains in medium heavy-duty (MHD) applications has provided a novel platform for vehicle research. One example of such a platform is the MHD parallel hybrid truck developed by Odyne Systems, LLC. In collaboration with Odyne Systems, LLC and the Department of Energy (DOE), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) developed a validated vehicle plant model for this truck and tested the Odyne powertrain in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) environment. While testing in the HIL environment, the effects of reduced engine load, and thus catalyst heating, on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst produced diminished hybrid improvement as the level of energy storage usage increased. This article will discuss these results and the potentially unforeseen interactions with modern aftertreatment systems when hybridizing conventional powertrains.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2012

AVESTAR Center for clean energy plant operators of the future

Clean energy plants in the modern grid era will increasingly exploit carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), fuel/product flexibility, and load following. Integrated power/process plants will require next generation of well-trained engineering and operations professionals. High-fidelity dynamic simulators are well suited for training, education, and R&D on clean energy plant operations. Combining Operator Training System (OTS) with 3D virtual Immersive Training System (ITS) enables simultaneous training of control room and plant field operators of the future. Strong collaboration between industry, academia, and government is required to address advanced R&D challenges. AVESTAR Center brings together simulation technology and world-class expertise focused on accelerating development of clean energy plants and operators of the future.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2013

NGDS USER CENTERED DESIGN MEETING THE NEEDS OF THE GEOTHERMAL COMMUNITY

In order to ensure the widest and greatest utility of IT and software projects designed for geothermal reservoir engineering the full consideration of end users’ task and workflow needs must be evaluated. This paper describes the user-centered design (UCD) approach taken in the development of a user interface (UI) solution for the National Geothermal Data System (NGDS). This development process has been researched based, highly collaborative, and incorporates state-of-the-art practices to ensure a quality user experience. Work is continuing on the interface, including future usability tests to further refine the interfaces as the overall system is developed.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

The 2019 Edition of the IRPhEP Handbook

The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) [1] was established to preserve and evaluate integral reactor physics experiment data, including separate or special effects measurements for nuclear energy and technology applications. Numerous international experiments have been performed over the past several decades to support reactor operations, safety, measurements, and design. Those experiments represent a significant investment of infrastructure, cost, and expertise that, in many instances, cannot be as easily reproduced. They represent valuable resources of data for present and future research, and provide the basis for recording, development, and validation of methods [2]. The primary focus of the IRPhEP is to provide an extensively peer-reviewed set of reactor physics integral data suitable for reactor designers and safety analysts to not just validate the analytical tools necessary to design next-generation nuclear reactors, but to establish the safety basis for their operation. Contributors worldwide collaborate to evaluate and review selected benchmark experiments for inclusion in the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhEP Handbook) [3]. More detailed discussion of the IRPhEP, including highlighted reactor physics benchmark evaluations, can be found in the November and December 2014 editions of Nuclear Science and Engineering [1]. Several new evaluations, and revisions to existing benchmarks have been prepared for inclusion in the 2019 edition of the IRPhEP Handbook (see Table I).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2016

The 2016 Edition of the ICSBEP Handbook

Over the past several decades, numerous experiments have been performed worldwide to support criticality safety. These experiments represent a significant investment in infrastructure, expertise, and cost, and are valuable resources of data for present and future research. These valuable assets provide the basis for recording, development, and validation of methods and nuclear data. If the experimental data are lost, the high cost to repeat many of these measurements may be prohibitive. The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) was established to: 1. Identify a comprehensive set of critical benchmark data and, to the extent possible, verify the data; 2. Evaluate the data and quantify overall uncertainties through various types of sensitivity analyses; 3. Compile the data into a standardized format; 4. Perform calculations of each experiment with standard criticality safety codes; and 5. Formally document the work into a single source of verified benchmark critical data. Annually, contributors from around the world continue to collaborate in the evaluation and review of select benchmark experiments for inclusion in the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (ICSBEP Handbook). Further information regarding the ICSBEP, including highlighted criticality safety benchmark evaluations, can be found in the September and October 2003 editions of Nuclear Science and Engineering. Several new evaluations have been prepared for inclusion in the September 2016 edition of the ICSBEP Handbook. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2016

The 2016 Edition of the IRPhEP Handbook

The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was established to preserve integral reactor physics experimental data, including separate or special effects data for nuclear energy and technology applications. Over the past several decades, numerous experiments have been performed worldwide to support reactor operations, measurements, design, and safety. These experiments represent a large investment of infrastructure, expertise, and cost, and are valuable resources of data for present and future research. These valuable assets provide the basis for recording, development, and validation of methods. If the experimental data are lost, the high cost to repeat many of these measurements may be prohibitive. The purpose of the IRPhEP is to provide an extensively peer-reviewed set of reactor physics-related integral data that can be used by reactor designers and safety analysts to validate the analytical tools used to design next-generation reactors and establish the safety basis for operation of those reactors. Contributors from around the world collaborate in the evaluation and review of selected benchmark experiments for inclusion in the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhEP Handbook). Further information regarding the IRPhEP, including highlighted reactor physics benchmark evaluations, can be found in the November and December 2014 editions of Nuclear Science and Engineering. Several new evaluations have been prepared for inclusion in the September 2016 edition of the IRPhEP Handbook. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Multi-Mode Cavity Accelerator Structure

This project aimed to develop a prototype for a novel accelerator structure comprising coupled cavities that are tuned to support modes with harmonically-related eigenfrequencies, with the goal of reaching an acceleration gradient >200 MeV/m and a breakdown rate <10 -7 /pulse/meter. Phase I involved computations, design, and preliminary engineering of a prototype multi-harmonic cavity accelerator structure; plus tests of a bimodal cavity. A computational procedure was used to design an optimized profile for a bimodal cavity with high shunt impedance and low surface fields to maximize the reduction in temperature rise ΔT. This cavity supports the TM010 mode and its 2nd harmonic TM011 mode. Its fundamental frequency is at 12 GHz, to benchmark against the empirical criteria proposed within the worldwide High Gradient collaboration for X-band copper structures; namely, a surface electric field E sur max < 260 MV/m and pulsed surface heating ΔT max < 56 °K. With optimized geometry, amplitude and relative phase of the two modes, reductions are found in surface pulsed heating, modified Poynting vector, and total RF power—as compared with operation at the same acceleration gradient using only the fundamental mode.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

DECOVALEX-2019: An international collaboration for advancing the understanding and modeling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes in geological systems

The DECOVALEX Project is an international research collaboration for advancing the understanding and modeling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes in geological systems. DECOVALEX stands for “DEvelopment of COupled Models and VALidation against EXperiments”. The creation of this international initiative, now running for almost 30 years, was motivated by the recognition that prediction of these coupled effects is an essential part of the performance and safety assessment of geologic disposal systems for radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, and also for a range of other sub-surface engineering activities. DECOVALEX emphasizes joint analysis and comparative modeling of state-of-the-art field and laboratory experiments, across a range of host rock options and repository designs. Participating research teams are from radioactive waste management organizations, national research institutes, regulatory agencies, universities, and consulting groups, providing a wide range of perspectives and solutions to these complex problems. The most recent phase of the DECOVALEX Project, here referred to as DECOVALEX-2019, started in 2016 and ended in 2019. Modeling teams from 13 international partner organizations participated in the comparative evaluation of seven modeling tasks involving complex field and/or laboratory experiments. Furthermore, this Virtual Special Issue on DECOVALEX-2019 provides an in-depth overview of these collaborative research efforts and how these have advanced the state-of-the-art of understanding and modeling coupled THMC processes.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗