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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 811 records · Page 45
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1988

SURE reliability analysis: Program and mathematics

The SURE program is a new reliability analysis tool for ultrareliable computer system architectures. The computational methods on which the program is based provide an efficient means for computing accurate upper and lower bounds for the death state probabilities of a large class of semi-Markov models. Once a semi-Markov model is described using a simple input language, the SURE program automatically computes the upper and lower bounds on the probability of system failure. A parameter of the model can be specified as a variable over a range of values directing the SURE program to perform a sensitivity analysis automatically. This feature, along with the speed of the program, makes it especially useful as a design tool.

Butler, Ricky W.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A cost-effective intelligent robotic system with dual-arm dexterous coordination and real-time vision

Dexterous coordination of manipulators based on the use of redundant degrees of freedom, multiple sensors, and built-in robot intelligence represents a critical breakthrough in development of advanced manufacturing technology. A cost-effective approach for achieving this new generation of robotics has been made possible by the unprecedented growth of the latest microcomputer and network systems. The resulting flexible automation offers the opportunity to improve the product quality, increase the reliability of the manufacturing process, and augment the production procedures for optimizing the utilization of the robotic system. Moreover, the Advanced Robotic System (ARS) is modular in design and can be upgraded by closely following technological advancements as they occur in various fields. This approach to manufacturing automation enhances the financial justification and ensures the long-term profitability and most efficient implementation of robotic technology. The new system also addresses a broad spectrum of manufacturing demand and has the potential to address both complex jobs as well as highly labor-intensive tasks. The ARS prototype employs the decomposed optimization technique in spatial planning. This technique is implemented to the framework of the sensor-actuator network to establish the general-purpose geometric reasoning system. The development computer system is a multiple microcomputer network system, which provides the architecture for executing the modular network computing algorithms. The knowledge-based approach used in both the robot vision subsystem and the manipulation control subsystems results in the real-time image processing vision-based capability. The vision-based task environment analysis capability and the responsive motion capability are under the command of the local intelligence centers. An array of ultrasonic, proximity, and optoelectronic sensors is used for path planning. The ARS currently has 18 degrees of freedom made up by two articulated arms, one movable robot head, and two charged coupled device (CCD) cameras for producing the stereoscopic views, and articulated cylindrical-type lower body, and an optional mobile base. A functional prototype is demonstrated.

Marzwell, Neville I.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The role of reliability graph models in assuring dependable operation of complex hardware/software systems

The complexity of computer systems currently being designed for critical applications in the scientific, commercial, and military arenas requires the development of new techniques for utilizing models of system behavior in order to assure 'ultra-dependability'. The complexity of these systems, such as Space Station Freedom and the Air Traffic Control System, stems from their highly integrated designs containing both hardware and software as critical components. Reliability graph models, such as fault trees and digraphs, are used frequently to model hardware systems. Their applicability for software systems has also been demonstrated for software safety analysis and the analysis of software fault tolerance. This paper discusses further uses of graph models in the design and implementation of fault management systems for safety critical applications.

Patterson-Hine, F. A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Adaptive neural network management system

A method and computer system for managing a neural network. Data is sent into an input layer in a portion of layers of nodes in the neural network. The data moves on an encode path through the portion such that an output layer in the portion outputs encoded data. The encoded data is sent into the output layer on a decode path through the portion back to the input layer to obtain a reconstruction of the data by the input layer. A determination is made as to whether an undesired amount of error has occurred in the output layer based on the data sent into the input layer and the reconstruction of the data. A number of new nodes is added to the output layer when a determination is present that the undesired amount of the error occurred, enabling reducing the error using the number of the new nodes.

Draelos, Timothy J.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Enabling Co-Design of Multi-Layer Exascale Storage Architectures

Growing demands for computing power in applications such as energy production, climate analysis, computational chemistry, and bioinformatics have propelled computing systems toward the exascale: systems with 10 18 floating-point operations per second. These systems, to be designed and constructed over the next decade, will create unprecedented challenges in component counts, power consumption, resource limitations, and system complexity. Data storage and access are an increasingly important and complex component in extreme-scale computing systems, and significant design work is needed to develop successful storage hardware and software architectures at exascale. Co-design of these systems will be necessary to find the best possible design points for exascale systems. The goal of this work has been to enable the exploration and co-design of exascale storage systems by providing a detailed, accurate, and highly parallel simulation of exascale storage and the surrounding environment. Specifically, this simulation has (1) portrayed realistic application checkpointing and analysis workloads, (2) captured the complexity, scale, and multilayer nature of exascale storage hardware and software, and (3) executed in a timeframe that enables “what if'” exploration of design concepts. We developed models of the major hardware and software components in an exascale storage system, as well as the application I/O workloads that drive them. We used our simulation system to investigate critical questions in reliability and concurrency at exascale, helping guide the design of future exascale hardware and software architectures. Additionally, we provided this system to interested vendors and researchers so that others can explore the design space. We validated the capabilities of our simulation environment by configuring the simulation to represent the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Blue Gene/Q system and comparing simulation results for application I/O patterns to the results of executions of these I/O kernels on the actual system.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1986

Fault-free performance validation of avionic multiprocessors

This paper describes the application of a portion of a validation methodology to NASA's Fault-Tolerant Multiprocessor System (FTMP) and the Software Implemented Fault-Tolerance (SIFT) computer system. The methodology entails a building block approach, starting with simple baseline experiments and building to more complex experiments. The goal of the validation methodology is to thoroughly test and characterize the performance and behavior of ultrareliable computer systems. The validation methodology presented in this paper showed that the methodology is not machine specific and can be used in lieu of life testing approaches. By applying a building block approach at the systems level, the machine complexity was broken down to manageable levels independent of system implementation.

Czeck, Edward W.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modeling performance of data collection systems for high-energy physics

Exponential increases in scientific experimental data are outpacing silicon technology progress, necessitating heterogeneous computing systems—particularly those utilizing machine learning (ML)—to meet future scientific computing demands. The growing importance and complexity of heterogeneous computing systems require systematic modeling to understand and predict the effective roles for ML. We present a model that addresses this need by framing the key aspects of data collection pipelines and constraints and combining them with the important vectors of technology that shape alternatives, computing metrics that allow complex alternatives to be compared. For instance, a data collection pipeline may be characterized by parameters such as sensor sampling rates and the overall relevancy of retrieved samples. Alternatives to this pipeline are enabled by development vectors including ML, parallelization, advancing CMOS, and neuromorphic computing. By calculating metrics for each alternative such as overall F1 score, power, hardware cost, and energy expended per relevant sample, our model allows alternative data collection systems to be rigorously compared. We apply this model to the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment and its planned high luminosity-large hadron collider upgrade, evaluating novel technologies for the data acquisition system (DAQ), including ML-based filtering and parallelized software. The results demonstrate that improvements to early DAQ stages significantly reduce resources required later, with a power reduction of 60% and increased relevant data retrieval per unit power (from 0.065 to 0.31 samples/kJ). However, we predict that further advances will be required in order to meet overall power and cost constraints for the DAQ.

Olin-Ammentorp, Wilkie (ORCID:0000000224729862)↗
NASA NTRS1977

An application of microprocessors to a Mars Roving Vehicle

This paper presents an approach to a microprocessor based computing system for a Mars Roving Vehicle. This represents a practical example in that it combines a breadboard robot (the Rover) with a distributed microprocessor computing system, both of which are under development at JPL and are being considered for a 1984 Mars Rover Mission. A summary of the Rover functions is presented, along with an approach of applying distributed computers. The Rover is then partitioned into its main subsystems (executive, locomotion, manipulation, and vision) and subsystem and system interfaces established. Computing requirements are discussed and a system diagram developed.

Dobrotin, B. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Preliminary ISIS users manual

The Interactive Software Invocation (ISIS), an interactive data management system, was developed to act as a buffer between the user and host computer system. The user is provided by ISIS with a powerful system for developing software or systems in the interactive environment. The user is protected from the idiosyncracies of the host computer system by providing such a complete range of capabilities that the user should have no need for direct access to the host computer. These capabilities are divided into four areas: desk top calculator, data editor, file manager, and tool invoker.

Grantham, C.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Comparison of Mars Science Laboratory Reaction Control System Jet Computations With Flow Visualization and Velocimetry

Numerical predictions of the Mars Science Laboratory reaction control system jets interacting with a Mach 10 hypersonic flow are compared to experimental nitric oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence data. The steady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations using the Baldwin-Barth one-equation turbulence model were solved using the OVERFLOW code. The experimental fluorescence data used for comparison consists of qualitative two-dimensional visualization images, qualitative reconstructed three-dimensional flow structures, and quantitative two-dimensional distributions of streamwise velocity. Through modeling of the fluorescence signal equation, computational flow images were produced and directly compared to the qualitative fluorescence data.

Bathel, Brett F.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Satellite freeze forecast system. System configuration definition manual

Equipment listings, interconnection information, and a basic overview is given of the hardware interaction of the Ruskin HP-100 computer system. A block diagram is included of the SFFS system at the National Weather Service Office in Ruskin, Florida. The generation answer file used to create the RTE-IVB operating system currently resident in Ruskin HP-1000 computer system is also described.

Martsolf, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Network, system, and status software enhancements for the autonomously managed electrical power system breadboard. Volume 2: Protocol specification

This volume (2 of 4) contains the specification, structured flow charts, and code listing for the protocol. The purpose of an autonomous power system on a spacecraft is to relieve humans from having to continuously monitor and control the generation, storage, and distribution of power in the craft. This implies that algorithms will have been developed to monitor and control the power system. The power system will contain computers on which the algorithms run. There should be one control computer system that makes the high level decisions and sends commands to and receive data from the other distributed computers. This will require a communications network and an efficient protocol by which the computers will communicate. One of the major requirements on the protocol is that it be real time because of the need to control the power elements.

Mckee, James W.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Parallel compression of data chunks of a shared data object using a log-structured file system

Techniques are provided for parallel compression of data chunks being written to a shared object. A client executing on a compute node or a burst buffer node in a parallel computing system stores a data chunk generated by the parallel computing system to a shared data object on a storage node by compressing the data chunk; and providing the data compressed data chunk to the storage node that stores the shared object. The client and storage node may employ Log-Structured File techniques. The compressed data chunk can be de-compressed by the client when the data chunk is read. A storage node stores a data chunk as part of a shared object by receiving a compressed version of the data chunk from a compute node; and storing the compressed version of the data chunk to the shared data object on the storage node.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Computer-Assisted Diagnosis System for Breast Cancer in Computed Tomography Laser Mammography (CTLM)

Computed tomography laser mammography (Eid et al. Egyp J Radiol Nucl Med, 37(1): p. 633–643, 1) is a non-invasive imaging modality for breast cancer diagnosis, which is time-consuming and challenging for the radiologist to interpret the images. Some issues have increased the missed diagnosis of radiologists in visual manner assessment in CTLM images, such as technical reasons which are related to imaging quality and human error due to the structural complexity in appearance. The purpose of this study is to develop a computer-aided diagnosis framework to enhance the performance of radiologist in the interpretation of CTLM images. The proposed CAD system contains three main stages including segmentation of volume of interest (VOI), feature extraction and classification. A 3D Fuzzy segmentation technique has been implemented to extract the VOI. The shape and texture of angiogenesis in CTLM images are significant characteristics to differentiate malignancy or benign lesions. The 3D compactness features and 3D Grey Level Co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) have been extracted from VOIs. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) pattern recognition has developed for classification of the normal and abnormal lesion in CTLM images. The performance of the proposed CAD system has been measured with different metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and area under receiver operative characteristics (AROC), which are 95.2, 92.4, 98.1, and 0.98%, respectively.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

WinnowML: Stable feature selection for maximizing prediction accuracy of time-based system modeling

Online deep learning (ODL) has become an important methodology for modeling time-based performance of computer systems. An open problem is the intelligent selection of features from raw workload traces of computer systems. The best methods are overly sensitive to noisy data, causing frequent feature changes and re-training. Using all available features inflates training time and introduces model artifacts if some features should have been dropped. We present WinnowML, a method for automatically determining the most relevant feature subset for a predictive time-series model. WinnowML combines existing feature ranking algorithms and a history of each feature's ranking to iteratively rank a feature set to lower prediction error and maximize long term relevance. From this ranked feature set, the most relevant and stable subset is selected to train a model. Experimentally, we show how WinnowML can lower a model's mean absolute relative error up to 42% on average compared to the closest performing approach. Additionally, we lower the fluctuation in feature ranking and selection up to 65%. We also demonstrate how to combine WinnowML and a model search tool to provide improvements in performance of up to 14.5% when compared to using all the feature available.

Bel, Oceane MS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Methods, apparatus and system for selective duplication of subtasks

A method for selective duplication of subtasks in a high-performance computing system includes: monitoring a health status of one or more nodes in a high-performance computing system, where one or more subtasks of a parallel task execute on the one or more nodes; identifying one or more nodes as having a likelihood of failure which exceeds a first prescribed threshold; selectively duplicating the one or more subtasks that execute on the one or more nodes having a likelihood of failure which exceeds the first prescribed threshold; and notifying a messaging library that one or more subtasks were duplicated.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1987

Methodology requirements for intelligent systems architecture

The methodology required for the development of the 'intelligent system architecture' of distributed computer systems which integrate standard data processing capabilities with symbolic processing to provide powerful and highly autonomous adaptive processing capabilities must encompass three elements: (1) a design knowledge capture system, (2) computer-aided engineering, and (3) verification and validation metrics and tests. Emphasis must be put on the earliest possible definition of system requirements and the realistic definition of allowable system uncertainties. Methodologies must also address human factor issues.

Grant, Terry↗
DOE OSTI2018

Methods, apparatus and system for selective duplication of subtasks

A method for selective duplication of subtasks in a high-performance computing system includes: monitoring a health status of one or more nodes in a high-performance computing system, where one or more subtasks of a parallel task execute on the one or more nodes; identifying one or more nodes as having a likelihood of failure which exceeds a first prescribed threshold; selectively duplicating the one or more subtasks that execute on the one or more nodes having a likelihood of failure which exceeds the first prescribed threshold; and notifying a messaging library that one or more subtasks were duplicated.

Andrade Costa, Carlos H.↗