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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 811 records · Page 45
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Design Parameters of a Miniaturized Piezoelectric Underwater Acoustic Transmitter

The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) project supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, has yielded the smallest acoustic fish tag transmitter commercially available to date. In order to study even smaller fish populations and make the transmitter injectable by needles, the JSATS acoustic micro transmitter needs to be further downsized. As part of the transmitter downsizing effort some of the design parameters of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic tube transducer in the transmitter were studied, including the type of PZT, the backing material, the necessary drive voltage, the transmitting bandwidth and the length of the transducer. It was found that, to satisfy the 156-dB source level requirement of JSATS, a square wave with a 10-volt amplitude is required to drive 'soft' PZT transducers. PZT-5H demonstrated the best source level performance. For Navy types I and II, 16 volts or 18 volts were needed. Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) closed-cell foam was found to be the backing material providing the highest source level. The effect of tube length on the source level is also demonstrated in this paper, providing quantitative information for downsizing of small piezoelectric transmitters.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1966

Phonocardiograph microphone is rugged and moistureproof

Microphone used as a phonocardiograph transducer monitors small amplitude audio signals in the presence of large shock loads and high humidity. It contains a lead zirconate-lead titanate piezoelectric plate encapsulated in a flexible polyurethane resin. The resin is contained in a sealed nylon case having a diameter of less than one inch.

Young, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Subminiature transducer measures unsteady pressures

Transducer has thin piezoelectric sensing element of 0.051-cm-thick lead zirconate titanate crystal which is cut as a conical frustum. Sensing crystal and titanium wire are protected from mechanical shock and vibration. Transducer is insensitive to mechanical vibrations of instrument plug on which it is mounted.

Raman, K. R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Development of piezoelectric skin friction force vector transducer for a hypersonic wind tunnel

A surface shear force transducer for use in impulse type hypersonic tunnels is described. Sensors are constructed of lead zirconate titanate composition piezoelectric ceramic materials. The diameter of the sensing diaphragm is 0.75 inches and overall transducer dimensions are 1.0 inch diameter and 0.625 inch height. Analysis of the tranducer is made to help design criteria and fabrication techniques. Discussions on design and fabrication techniques are presented as well as performance of transducers delivered.

Kahng, S. K.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Uranium-bearing minerals of lunar rock 12013.

The U distribution in rock 12013 was studied by fission track and elemental mapping techniques. Major U-bearing phases are whitlockite, apatite, zircon, and phase beta, which is a Zr-Ti mineral rich in Fe, Nb, Y, REE, and containing up to 3.6% UO2, 4.7% ThO2 and 4.2% PbO. Calculated microprobe ages for phase beta average 4.0 b.y. and are in reasonable agreement with Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages. Phase beta plays a significant role in the U-Th-Pb systematics of rock 12012 and may play a similar role in the model ages of lunar soil.

Haines, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1972

U, Th, Pb and REE abundances and Pb 207/Pb 206 ages of individual minerals in returned lunar material by ion microprobe mass analysis.

Results of ion microprobe analyses of Apollo 11, 12 and 14 material, showing that U, Th, Pb and REE are concentrated in accessory minerals such as apatite, whitlockite, zircon, baddeleyite, zirkelite, and tranquillityite. Th/U ratios are found to vary by over a factor of 40 in these minerals. K, Ba, Rb and Sr have been localized in a K rich, U and Th poor glass phase that is commonly associated with the U and Th bearing accessory minerals. Li is observed to be fairly evenly distributed between the various accessory phases. The phosphates have been found to have REE abundance patterns (normalized to the chondrite abundances) that are fairly flat, while the Zr bearing minerals have patterns that rise steeply, by factors of ten or more, from La to Gd. All the accessory minerals have large negative Eu anomalies. Radiometric age dates (Pb 207/Pb 206) of the individual U and Th bearing minerals compare favorably with the Pb 207/Pb 206 age of the bulk rocks.

Andersen, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Fabrication and test of inorganic/organic separators

Completion of testing and failure analysis of MDC 40 Ahr silver zinc cells containing largely inorganic separators was accomplished. The results showed that the wet stand and cycle life objectives of the silver zinc cell development program were accomplished. Building, testing and failure analysis of two plate cells employing three optimum separators selected on the basis of extensive screening tests, was performed. The best separator material as a result of these tests was doped calcium zirconate.

Smatko, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Castable thermal insulation for use as heat shields

Structural members supporting the afterburners of high thrust rocket engines are subjected to extreme heating, along with severe vibration and high acceleration levels during early lift-off. Chemically-bonded, castable, zircon composite foams were developed and successfully tested to meet specific, laboratory simulated lift-off conditions.

Mountvala, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Color to black-and-white converter

Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate ceramic plate, when sandwiched between pair of conventional light polarizers, forms electrically controlled coverter for television camera. Assembly can be used with camera at remote site to enable camera to transmit color or black and white signal on command.

Perry, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Solid state electro-optic color filter and iris

The electro-optic properties of lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ferroelectric ceramic material are evaluated when utilized as a variable density and/or spectral filter in conjunction with a television scanning system. Emphasis was placed on the development of techniques and procedures for processing the PLZT disks and for applying efficient electrode structures. A number of samples were processed using different combinations of cleaning, electrode material, and deposition process. Best overall performance resulted from the direct evaporation of gold over chrome electrodes. A ruggedized mounting holder assembly was designed, fabricated, and tested. The assembly provides electrical contacts, high voltage protection, and support for the fragile PLZT disk, and permits mounting and optical alignment of the associated polarizers. Operational measurements of a PLZT sample mounted in the holder assembly were performed in conjunction with a television camera and the associated drive circuits. The data verified achievement of the elimination of the observed white-line effect.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1976

Reduction of losses in low-frequency /2 MHz/ surface-wave delay line by outgassing

Surface waves are attenuated by a fluid or gas surrounding the surface of propagation, an effect caused by frictional losses determined by the fluid or gas viscosity and by the emission of compression waves into the environment. The paper reports a large reversible reduction in attenuation of surface waves at frequencies as low as 2 MHz by outgassing treatments of some materials, suggesting that at such frequencies vacuum encapsulation is a desirable procedure. Outgassing experiments were performed on a delay line constructed from high-density p.z.t.-8 (lead-zirconate-titanate). The delay line configuration was a slab waxed onto a metal base with coaxial connectors mounted near and connected by gold-wire leads to the interdigital finger sets. Output signal enhancements by as much as 8 dB were achieved after overnight evacuation at 10 to the -2 torr at room temperature.

Tittmann, B. R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Some thoughts on the origin of lunar ANT-KREEP and mare basalts

It is suggested that a series of ANT (anorthosite-norite-troctolite)-KREEP type rocks and the source material for mare basalts sampled by Apollo 11, 12, 15, and 17 may have been derived from a common magmatic differentiation. This differentiation is studied on the basis of a model which proposes that, in the early history of the moon, extensive melting occurred in the outer lunar shell and a magma layer of 100-200 km was formed. The presence of a residual liquid which has not yet been sampled is suspected between high-K KREEP and the Apollo 11 basalt materials. This residual liquid would have a FeO/MgO ratio greater than one and would be significantly enriched in apatite, zircon, K-feldspar, and ilmenite minerals.

Wakita, H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Melt immiscibility in Apollo 15 KREEP - Origin of Fe-rich mare basalts

Silicate liquid immiscibility (SLI) is investigated in terms of chemistry and occurrence in two KREEP-rich Apollo 15 basalts. The two samples have different cooling histories but the same composition. In the first sample, SLI occurred at the time of 58% crystallization. In the second sample, SLI occurred after 20% had crystallized. It is noted that SLI could be initiated as soon as plagioclase (out of a total composition which also included zircon, FeS, SiO2, whitlockite, and ilmenite) alone had crystallized. Attention is given to Fe-rich immiscible melts, and it is suggested that SLI may play an important role in the formation of the source regions of Fe-rich mare basalts. The analytical technique used for the assays was an energy dispersive analysis system with a resolution of 167 eV.

Hollister, L. S.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Polyvinyl alcohol battery separator containing inert filler

A cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol battery separator is disclosed. A particulate filler, inert to alkaline electrolyte of an alkaline battery, is incorporated in the separator in an amount of 1-20% by weight, based on the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, and is dispersed throughout the product. Incorporation of the filler enhances performance and increases cycle life of alkaline batteries when compared with batteries containing a similar separator not containing filler. Suitable fillers include titanates, silicates, zirconates, aluminates, wood floor, lignin, and titania. Particle size is not greater than about 50 microns.

Sheibley, D. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Comparative evaluation of insulating properties of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings

A simple method for evaluating the thermal insulating capability of ceramic coatings was devised. It is based on monitoring the temperature of the uncoated back surface of a thin superalloy disk while its front surface, coated with the ceramic material, is exposed to the high-temperature environment of an electric muffle furnace. The results obtained indicate that zirconia containing 8 wt% Y2O3 is a better thermal insulator than barium zirconate or calcium orthosilicate.

Zaplatynsky, I.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution

The Lu-176-Hf-176 isotope method and its applications in earth sciences are discussed with regard to planetary-evolution studies. From new data on basalts from oceanic islands, Hf-176/Hf-177 and Nd-143/Nd-144 are found to display a single linear isotopic variation in the suboceanic mantle, whereas considerable divergences occur in Hf-176/Hf-177-Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144-Sr87/Sr-86 diagrams. With the acquisition of further Hf-Sr-Nd isotopic data, these discordant Sr-87/Sr-86 relationships may allow a distinction between processes such as mantle metasomatism, influence of sea-water altered material in the magma source, or recycling of sediments into the mantle. The best quality Hf isotope data are obtained from granitoid or zircons, and are most suitable for studying ancient terrestrial Hf isotopic variations. Lu-Hf is shown to be a viable method for dating ancient terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples, but is unlikely to find wide application in pure chronological studies because it offers little advantage over existing methods.

Patchett, P. J.↗