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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Color-singlet J/{psi} production at O({alpha}{sub s}{sup 6}) in {Upsilon} decay

To clarify the conflict between the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of the inclusive J/{psi} production in {Upsilon} decay, we consider the {alpha}{sub s}{sup 6} order color-singlet (CS) contributions of processes {Upsilon}{yields}J/{psi}+gg and {Upsilon}{yields}J/{psi}+gggg. Both the branching ratio and the J/{psi} momentum spectrum are calculated, and the branching ratio (4.7x10{sup -4}) is larger than the leading-order contribution ({alpha}{sub s}{sup 5}, {Upsilon}{yields}J/{psi}+ccg). Together with the QCD and QED leading-order contributions considered in our previous work, the CS prediction of the branching ratio for the direct J/{psi} production is Br({Upsilon}{yields}J/{psi}{sub direct}+X)=0.90{sub -0.31}{sup +0.49}x10{sup -4}, which is still about 3.8 times less than the CLEO measurement. We also obtain a preliminary CS prediction of R{sub cc}=(B({Upsilon}{yields}J/{psi}+cc+X)/B({Upsilon}{yields}J/{psi}+X)) and find that the value 0.39{sub -0.20}{sup +0.21} is much larger than the color-octet prediction, and suggest to measure this quality in future experimental analysis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Phase diagram of hot magnetized two-flavor color-superconducting quark matter

A two-flavor color-superconducting Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is introduced at finite temperature T, chemical potential {mu}, and in the presence of a constant magnetic field e-tildeB. The effect of (T,{mu},e-tildeB) on the formation of chiral- and color-symmetry-breaking condensates is studied. The complete phase portrait of the model in T-{mu}, {mu}-e-tildeB, and T-e-tildeB phase spaces for various fixed e-tildeB, T, and {mu} is explored. A threshold magnetic field e-tildeB{sub t}{approx_equal}0.5 GeV{sup 2} is found, above which the dynamics of the system are solely dominated by the lowest Landau level, and the effects of T and {mu} are partly compensated by e-tildeB.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Color Sextet Scalars in Early LHC Experiments

We explore the potential for discovery of an exotic color sextet scalar in same-sign top quark pair production in early running at the LHC. We present the first phenomenological analysis at colliders of color sextet scalars with full top quark spin correlations included. We demonstrate that one can measure the scalar mass, the top quark polarization, and confirm the scalar resonance with 1 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. The top quark polarization can distinguish gauge triplet and singlet scalars.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Ruling out Color Transparency in Quasielastic 12 C(e,e'p) up to Q 2 of 14.2 (GeV/c) 2

Quasielastic $^{12}$C$(e,e'p)$ scattering was measured at space-like 4-momentum transfer squared $Q^2$ = 8, 9.4, 11.4, and 14.2 (GeV/c)$^2$, the highest ever achieved to date. Nuclear transparency for this reaction was extracted by comparing the measured yield to that expected from a plane-wave impulse approximation calculation without any final state interactions. Additionally, the measured transparency was consistent with no $Q^2$ dependence, up to proton momenta of 8.5 GeV/c, ruling out the quantum chromodynamics effect of color transparency at the measured $Q^2$ scales in exclusive $(e,e'p)$ reactions. Furthermore, these results impose strict constraints on models of color transparency for protons.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Many-Electron System on Helium and Color Center Spectroscopy

Electrons on the helium surface display sharp resonant absorption lines related to the transitions between the subbands of quantized motion transverse to the surface. A magnetic field parallel to the surface strongly affects the absorption spectrum.We show that the effect results from admixing the intersubband transitions to the in-plane quantum dynamics of the strongly correlated electron liquid or a Wigner crystal. This is similar to the admixing of electron transitions in color centers to phonons. Furthermore, the spectrum permits a direct characterization of the many-electron dynamics and also enables testing the theory of color centers in a system with controllable coupling.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Distributed-memory Parallel Algorithms for Matching and Coloring

Graph matching and coloring constitute two fundamental classes of combinatorial problems having numerous established as well as emerging applications in computational science and engineering, high-performance computing, and informatics. We provide a snapshot of an on-going work on the design and implementation of new highly-scalable distributed-memory parallel algorithms for two prototypical problems from these classes, edge-weighted matching and distance-1 vertex coloring. Graph algorithms in general have low concurrency and poor data locality, making it challenging to achieve scalability on massively parallel machines. We overcome this challenge by employing a variety of techniques, including approximation, speculation and iteration, optimized communication, and randomization, in concert. We present preliminary results on weak and strong scalability studies conducted on an IBM Blue Gene/P machine employing up to tens of thousands of processors. The results show that the algorithms hold strong potential for computing at petascale.

Combinatorial scientific computing↗
DOE OSTI2012

Chiral color quark symmetry and possible constraints on the G Prime -boson mass from tevatron and LHC data

A gauge model featuring a chiral color symmetry of quarks was considered, and possible manifestations of this symmetry in proton-antiproton and proton-proton collisions at the Tevatron and LHC energies were studied. The cross section {sigma}{sub tt}-bar for the production of tt-bar quark pairs at the Tevatron and the forward-backward asymmetry A{sub FB}{sup pp}-bar in this process were calculated and analyzed with allowance for the contributions of the G Prime -boson predicted by the chiral color symmetry of quarks, the G Prime -boson massm{sub G Prime} and the mixing angle {theta}{sub G} being treated as free parameters of the model. Limits on m{sub G Prime} versus {theta}{sub G} were studied on the basis of data from the Tevatron on {sigma}{sub tt}-bar and A{sub FB}{sup pp}-bar, and the region compatible with these data within one standard deviation was found in the m{sub G Prime }-{theta}{sub G} plane. The region ofm{sub G Prime }-mass values that is appropriate for observing the G Prime -boson at LHC is discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Transformation of Radiation-Induced Molecular Point Defects and Color Centers in LiF Crystals under Influence of Light

The influences of UV light and integral light pulses from lamps on γ-irradiated LiF crystals with impurities of hydroxyl and magnesium ions have been investigated. The optical absorption and luminescence of color centers in different bleaching stages are studied depending on the crystal exposure time under UV light or on the number of light pulses. IR spectra of molecular hydrogen-bonded complexes and hydroxyl ions in different bleaching stages are presented. The transformation of strong hydrogen-bonded complexes under illumination into complexes with weak hydrogen bond (and vice versa) is studied. It is shown how molecular hydrogen-bonded complexes involving hydroxyl affect the transformation of color centers during the crystal bleaching.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

Improvements to the three-color optical CCD-based pyrometer system

We put forward an improved three-color measurement scheme with a color CCD sensor using the combination of effective wavelengths and blackbody calibrations. The process of effective wavelengths realizes the separation of the emissivity function from the measurement integral equation. This improved method not only effectively avoids errors arising from the traditional process adopting the basic wavelengths, but also simplifies the complex integral calculations. For a blackbody or graybody, the measurement performance of the pyrometer was experimentally investigated from the point of the temperature sensitivity. The results show that narrowing the spectrum bandwidth with different bandpass spectral filters may improve the temperature sensitivities. The spectrum adjustment not only makes the linear emissivity more suitable in the narrower waveband, but also reduces the numerical uncertainty of the effective wavelengths. For nongray objects, the effects of the numerical uncertainty of the effective wavelengths to measurements were quantificationally evaluated at different measurement conditions (different temperatures, emissivities, and spectrums). The results indicate that the reference values of 584, 555, and 511nm or 607, 560, and 506nm of the effective wavelengths are reasonable for the present system with the modified spectral response using Filter 1 or Filter 2. The maximum calculation errors arising from the reference effective wavelengths are less than 1.6%. In this paper, the technical realization steps of the improved method are also described. The measurement experiments of a metal sample in hot environments were carried out to further verify the applicability of this improved CCD-based pyrometer. The results agreed well with the spectrometer-based results.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Exploration of Defect Dynamics and Color Center Qubit Synthesis with Pulsed Ion Beams

Short-pulse ion beams have been developed in recent years and now enable applications in materials science. A tunable flux of selected ions delivered in pulses of a few nanoseconds can affect the balance of defect formation and dynamic annealing in materials. We report results from color center formation in silicon with pulses of 900 keV protons. G-centers in silicon are near-infrared photon emitters with emerging applications as single-photon sources and for spin-photon qubit integration. G-centers consist of a pair of substitutional carbon atoms and one silicon interstitial atom and are often formed by carbon ion implantation and thermal annealing. Here, we report on G-center formation with proton pulses in silicon samples that already contained carbon, without carbon ion implantation or thermal annealing. The number of G-centers formed per proton increased when we increased the pulse intensity from 6.9 × 10 9 to 7.9 × 10 10 protons/cm 2 /pulse, demonstrating a flux effect on G-center formation efficiency. We observe a G-center ensemble linewidth of 0.1 nm (full width half maximum), narrower than previously reported. Pulsed ion beams can extend the parameter range available for fundamental studies of radiation-induced defects and the formation of color centers for spin-photon qubit applications.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Optical Classification of Lower Amazon Waters Based on In Situ Data and Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument Imagery

Optical water types (OWTs) were identified from an in situ dataset of concomitant biogeochemical and optical parameters acquired in the Amazon River and its tributaries, in the Lower Amazon region, at different hydrological conditions from 2014 to 2017. A seasonal bio-optical characterization was performed. The k-means classification was applied to the in situ normalized reflectance spectra (rn(λ)), allowing the identification of four OWTs. An optical index method was also applied to the rn(λ) defining the thresholds of the OWTs. Next, level-3 Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument images representative of the seasonal discharge conditions were classified using the identified in situ OWTs as reference. The differences between Amazon River and clearwater tributary OWTs were dependent on the hydrological dynamics of the Amazon River, also showing a strong seasonal variability. Each OWT was associated with a specific bio-optical and biogeochemical environment assessed from the corresponding absorption coefficient values of colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM) and particulate matter (ap), chlorophyll-a and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations, and aCDOM/ap ratio. The rising water season presented a unique OWT with high SPM concentration and high relative contribution of ap to total absorption compared to the other OWTs. This bio-optical characterization of Lower Amazon River waters represents a first step for developing remote sensing inversion models adjusted to the optical complexity of this region.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Infrared color selection of massive galaxies atz > 3

We introduce a new color selection technique to identify high-redshift, massive galaxies that are systematically missed by Lyman-break selection. The new selection is based on the H{sub 160} (H) and Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) 4.5 μm bands, specifically H−[4.5]>2.25 mag. These galaxies, called “HIEROs,” include two major populations that can be separated with an additional J − H color. The populations are massive and dusty star-forming galaxies at z>3 (JH−blue) and extremely dusty galaxies at z≲3 (JH−red). The 350 arcmin{sup 2} of the GOODS-North and GOODS-South fields with the deepest Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) near-infrared and IRAC data contain as many as 285 HIEROs down to [4.5]<24 mag. Inclusion of the most extreme HIEROs, not even detected in the H band, makes this selection particularly complete for the identification of massive high-redshift galaxies. We focus here primarily on JH−blue (z>3) HIEROs, which have a median photometric redshift 〈z〉∼4.4 and stellar mass M{sub ∗}∼10{sup 10.6} M{sub ⊙} and are much fainter in the rest-frame UV than similarly massive Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs). Their star formation rates (SFRs), derived from their stacked infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs), reach ∼240 M{sub ⊙} yr{sup −1}, leading to a specific SFR, sSFR≡SFR/M{sub ∗}∼4.2 Gyr{sup −1}, suggesting that the sSFRs for massive galaxies continue to grow at z>2 but at a lower growth rate than from z = 0 to z = 2. With a median half-light radius of 2 kpc, including ∼20% as compact as quiescent (QS) galaxies at similar redshifts, JH−blue HIEROs represent perfect star-forming progenitors of the most massive (M{sub ∗}≳10{sup 11.2} M{sub ⊙}) compact QS galaxies at z∼3 and have the right number density. HIEROs make up ∼60% of all galaxies with M{sub ∗}>10{sup 10.5} M{sub ⊙} identified at z>3 from their photometric redshifts. This is five times more than LBGs with nearly no overlap between the two populations. While HIEROs make up 15%–25% of the total SFR density at z∼4–5, they completely dominate the SFR density taking place in M{sub ∗}>10{sup 10.5} M{sub ⊙} galaxies, and HIEROs are therefore crucial to understanding the very early phase of massive galaxy formation.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Discovery of 16 New z ∼ 5.5 Quasars: Filling in the Redshift Gap of Quasar Color Selection

We present initial results from the first systematic survey of luminous z ∼ 5.5 quasars. Quasars at z ∼ 5.5, the post-reionization epoch, are crucial tools to explore the evolution of intergalactic medium, quasar evolution, and the early super-massive black hole growth. However, it has been very challenging to select quasars at redshifts 5.3 ≤ z ≤ 5.7 using conventional color selections, due to their similar optical colors to late-type stars, especially M dwarfs, resulting in a glaring redshift gap in quasar redshift distributions. We develop a new selection technique for z ∼ 5.5 quasars based on optical, near-IR, and mid-IR photometric data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), UKIRT InfraRed Deep Sky Surveys—Large Area Survey (ULAS), VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS), and Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer . From our pilot observations in the SDSS-ULAS/VHS area, we have discovered 15 new quasars at 5.3 ≤ z ≤ 5.7 and 6 new lower redshift quasars, with SDSS z band magnitude brighter than 20.5. Including other two z ∼ 5.5 quasars already published in our previous work, we now construct a uniform quasar sample at 5.3 ≤ z ≤ 5.7, with 17 quasars in a ∼4800 square degree survey area. For further application in a larger survey area, we apply our selection pipeline to do a test selection by using the new wide field J-band photometric data from a preliminary version of the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS). We successfully discover the first UHS selected z ∼ 5.5 quasar.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

An Easy Algorithm to Generate Colored Noise Sequences

The need for accurate and efficient simulation of the noise background arises in statistical significance tests for periodic signals buried in colored noise. This paper discusses techniques for generating colored-noise sequences which simulate processes with a given spectral density. Matlab routines based on the fast fractional difference algorithm are presented. These routines can create various stochastic models (e.g., first-order autoregressive (AR(1)), power law (PL), autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average ((1, d, 0)), and generalized Gauss Markov (GGM)) that serve as possible candidate null hypotheses to test against in various scenarios. Allan variance and power spectral density (PSD) show that our algorithms are accurate and efficient, and can be easily implemented for stationary noise models and non-stationary PLs with spectral indices up to 2. Our algorithms can also be extended to produce a non-stationary PL with a range-limited steeper PSD (spectral indices up to about 4) using a GGM approximation with a proper break frequency. The red-noise leakage effect on the periodogram is further discussed. The result shows that our GGM approximation has a potential for alleviating the red-noise leakage in the PSD estimates. The Timmer and Koenig procedure is also included for comparison.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Colors of Irregular Satellites of Saturn with the Dark Energy Camera

We report g – r and r – i new colors for 21 Saturn Irregular Satellites; among them, four previously unreported. This is the highest number of Saturn Irregular satellites reported in a single survey. These satellites were measured by "stacking" their observations to increase their signal without trailing. This work describes a novel processing algorithm that enables the detection of faint sources under significant background noise and in front of a severely crowded field. Our survey shows these new color measurements of Saturn Irregular Satellites are consistent with other Irregular Satellites populations as found in previous works and reinforcing the observation that the lack of ultrared objects among the irregular satellites is a real feature that separates them from the trans-Neptunian objects (their posited source population).

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Type Ia supernovae: colors, rates, and progenitors

The rate of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in a galaxy depends not only on stellar mass, but also on star formation history (SFH). Here we show that two simple observational quantities (g − r or u − r host galaxy color, and r-band luminosity), coupled with an assumed delay time distribution (DTD) (the rate of SNe Ia as a function of time for an instantaneous burst of star formation), are sufficient to accurately determine a galaxy’s SN Ia rate, with very little sensitivity to the precise details of the SFH. Using this result, we compare observed and predicted color distributions of SN Ia hosts for the MENeaCS cluster supernova survey, and for the SDSS Stripe 82 supernova survey. The observations are consistent with a continuous DTD, without any cutoff. For old progenitor systems, the power-law slope for the DTD is found to be −1.50{sub −0.15}{sup +0.19}. This result favors the double degenerate scenario for SN Ia, though other interpretations are possible. We find that the late-time slopes of the DTD are different at the 1σ level for low and high stretch supernova, which suggest a single degenerate (SD) scenario for the latter. However, due to ambiguity in the current models’ DTD predictions, SD progenitors can neither be confirmed as causing high stretch supernovae nor ruled out from contributing to the overall sample.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Nonlinear Color–Metallicity Relations of Globular Clusters. VII. Nonlinear Absorption-line Index versus Metallicity Relations and Bimodal Index Distributions of NGC 5128 Globular Clusters

Spectroscopy on the globular cluster (GC) system of NGC 5128 revealed bimodality in absorption-line index distributions of its old GCs. GC division is a widely observed and studied phenomenon whose interpretation has depicted host galaxy formation and evolution such that it harbors two distinct metallicity groups. Such a conventional view of GC bimodality has mainly been based on photometry. The recent GC photometric data, however, presented an alternative perspective in which the nonlinear metallicity-to-color transformation is responsible for color bimodality of GC systems. Here we apply the same line of analysis to the spectral indices and examine the absorption-line index versus metallicity relations for the NGC 5128 GC system. NGC 5128 GCs display nonlinearity in the metallicity-index planes, most prominently for the Balmer lines and by a non-negligible degree for the metallicity-sensitive magnesium line. We demonstrate that the observed spectroscopic division of NGC 5128 GCs can be caused by the nonlinear nature of the metallicity-to-index conversions and thus one does not need to resort to two separate GC subgroups. Our analysis incorporating this nonlinearity provides a new perspective on the structure of NGC 5128's GC system, and a further piece to the global picture of the formation of GC systems and their host galaxies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗