Results for “Computer Programming Integrity” — Page 46

NASA NTRS1995

The Use of Kirchhoff's Method in Jet Aeroacoustics

Supersonic jet aeroacoustics will be studied using computational techniques. In the study, a Kirchhoff method is used to predict flow generated noise in the mid- and far-fields. This type of method shows promise because it is based on surface integrals and not the volume integrals found in traditional acoustic prediction methods. The Kirchhoff method is dependent on accurate prediction of flow variables in the near-field. Here, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs are used for these predictions. Specifically, an existing large eddy simulation (LES) code will be modified for aeroacoustic applications. Issues involved in the implementation of the Kirchhoff method as well as the coupling with the CFD code will be discussed. Important physical noise parameters will be identified and investigated in the study.

Lyrintzis, Anastasios S.↗

NASA NTRS1961

Constant Entropy Properties for an Approximate Model of Equilibrium Air

Approximate analytic solutions for properties of equilibrium air up to 15,000 K have been programmed for machine computation. Temperature, compressibility, enthalpy, specific heats, and speed of sound are tabulated as constant entropy functions of temperature. The reciprocal of acoustic impedance and its integral with respect to pressure are also given for the purpose of evaluating the Riemann constants for one-dimensional, isentropic flow.

Hansen, C. Frederick↗

NASA NTRS2000

FACET: Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool

FACET (Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool) is an Air Traffic Management research tool being developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. This paper describes the design, architecture and functionalities of FACET. The purpose of FACET is to provide E simulation environment for exploration, development and evaluation of advanced ATM concepts. Examples of these concepts include new ATM paradigms such as Distributed Air-Ground Traffic Management, airspace redesign and new Decision Support Tools (DSTs) for controllers working within the operational procedures of the existing air traffic control system. FACET is currently capable of modeling system-wide en route airspace operations over the contiguous United States. Airspace models (e.g., Center/sector boundaries, airways, locations of navigation aids and airports) are available from databases. A core capability of FACET is the modeling of aircraft trajectories. Using round-earth kinematic equations, aircraft can be flown along flight plan routes or great circle routes as they climb, cruise and descend according to their individual aircraft-type performance models. Performance parameters (e.g., climb/descent rates and speeds, cruise speeds) are obtained from data table lookups. Heading, airspeed and altitude-rate dynamics are also modeled. Additional functionalities will be added as necessary for specific applications. FACET software is written in Java and C programming languages. It is platform-independent, and can be run on a variety of computers. FACET has been designed with a modular software architecture to enable rapid integration of research prototype implementations of new ATM concepts. There are several advanced ATM concepts that are currently being implemented in FACET airborne separation assurance, dynamic density predictions, airspace redesign (re-sectorization), benefits of a controller DST for direct-routing, and the integration of commercial space transportation system operations into the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS).

Bilmoria, Karl D.↗

NASA NTRS2003

NASA Tech Briefs, March 2003

Topics covered include: Tool for Bending a Metal Tube Precisely in a Confined Space; Multiple-Use Mechanisms for Attachment to Seat Tracks; Force-Measuring Clamps; Cellular Pressure-Actuated Joint; Block QCA Fault-Tolerant Logic Gates; Hybrid VLSI/QCA Architecture for Computing FFTs; Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes as RF Filters in Waveguides; Carbon Nanotubes as Resonators for RF Spectrum Analyzers; Software for Viewing Landsat Mosaic Images; Updated Integrated Mission Program; Software for Sharing and Management of Information; Update on Integrated Optical Design Analyzer; Optical-Quality Thin Polymer Membranes; Rollable Thin Shell Composite-Material Paraboloidal Mirrors; Folded Resonant Horns for Power Ultrasonic Applications; Touchdown Ball-Bearing System for Magnetic Bearings; Flux-Based Deadbeat Control of Induction-Motor Torque; Block Copolymers as Templates for Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes; Throttling Cryogen Boiloff To Control Cryostat Temperature; Collaborative Software Development Approach Used to Deliver the New Shuttle Telemetry Ground Station; Turbulence in Supercritical O2/H2 and C7H16/N2 Mixing Layers; and Time-Resolved Measurements in Optoelectronic Microbioanal.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2003

NASA Tech Briefs, April 2003

Topics include: Tool for Bending a Metal Tube Precisely in a Confined Space; Multiple-Use Mechanisms for Attachment to Seat Tracks; Force-Measuring Clamps; Cellular Pressure-Actuated Joint; Block QCA Fault-Tolerant Logic Gates; Hybrid VLSI/QCA Architecture for Computing FFTs; Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes as RF Filters in Waveguides; Carbon Nanotubes as Resonators for RF Spectrum Analyzers; Software for Viewing Landsat Mosaic Images; Updated Integrated Mission Program; Software for Sharing and Management of Information; Optical-Quality Thin Polymer Membranes; Rollable Thin Shell Composite-Material Paraboloidal Mirrors; Folded Resonant Horns for Power Ultrasonic Applications; Touchdown Ball-Bearing System for Magnetic Bearings; Flux-Based Deadbeat Control of Induction-Motor Torque; Block Copolymers as Templates for Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes; Throttling Cryogen Boiloff To Control Cryostat Temperature; Collaborative Software Development Approach Used to Deliver the New Shuttle Telemetry Ground Station; Turbulence in Supercritical O2/H2 and C7H16/N2 Mixing Layers; and Time-Resolved Measurements in Optoelectronic Microbioanal.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2002

LEWICE 2.2 Capabilities and Thermal Validation

A computational model of bleed air anti-icing and electrothermal de-icing have been added to the LEWICE 2.0 software by integrating the capabilities of two previous programs, ANTICE and LEWICE/ Thermal. This combined model has been released as LEWICE version 2.2. Several advancements have also been added to the previous capabilities of each module. This report will present the capabilities of the software package and provide results for both bleed air and electrothermal cases. A comprehensive validation effort has also been performed to compare the predictions to an existing electrothermal database. A quantitative comparison shows that for deicing cases, the average difference is 9.4 F (26%) compared to 3 F for the experimental data while for evaporative cases the average difference is 2 F (32%) compared to an experimental error of 4 F.

Wright, William B.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

ARRISTOTLE Simulation Demo

NASA’s Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation (NASA IV&V) Jon McBride Software Testing and Research (JSTAR) laboratory has developed the Advanced Risk Reduction Integrated Software Test and Operations Tri-program Lightweight Environment (ARRISTOTLE). ARRISTOTLE is a digital twin of NASA’s Artemis mission. ARRISTOLE executes the true SLS and Orion flight binaries integrated on a single laptop computer. This demo will showcase the execution of the full Artemis liftoff. Once airborne, an inflight anomaly will be injected, resulting in Orion detaching from the booster. The Launch Abort System (LAS) will safely bring Orion back to earth. The Unity game engine is used to visualize the flyout as flight software executes.

emulation↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

BRAINSTACK – A Platform for Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Collaborative Experiments on a Nano-Satellite

As space missions continue to become more ambitious, complex, and distant to Earth, the need for advanced on-board intelligent decision making to guide everything from mission operations to fault detection and recovery has become a major front of space research. While the prevalence of research on such Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI/ML) modules has exploded, the capacity to experimentally validate such modules in space in a rapid and inexpensive format has not. To this end, the Nano Orbital Workshop (NOW) group at NASA Ames Research Center has been at the forefront of performing initial flight evaluation tests of ‘commercially’ available AI/ML computational platforms via the TechEdSat (TES-n) flight series as part of what is programmatically referred to as the BRAINSTACK. BRAINSTACK will provide an orbital AI/ML evaluation laboratory where computational experiments are pre-loaded into memory prior to launch, and then executed as desired during the mission, with results reported back and program tweaks or new data sets uploaded as needed. Processors selected as part of the BRAINSTACK are of ideal size, packaging, and power consumption for easy integration into a cube satellite structure. These experiments have included the evaluation of small, high-performance GPUs and more recently, neuromorphic processors in LEO operations. Neuromorphic processors are of particular interest due to their superior computational power efficiency over GPUs. The first TES-n flight test of an Intel first-generation Loihi neuromorphic processor launched on January 13, 2022 and continues to operate in orbit despite almost no space environment modifications. The Intel Loihi Gen-1 is characterized by a 14nm 128-core Spiking Neural Network (SNN) able to support on-chip training. This experiment utilized a Loihi packaged in the ‘Kapoho Bay’ USB module, providing a relatively straight-forward interface to the bus avionics system. The Kapoho Bay was in turn managed by a host Intel Pentium single-board computer to handle scheduling of the AI/ML application payloads, and communications with the satellite vehicle manager. The recently released Intel Loihi Gen-2, able to support integer-valued spike payloads and produced using 7nm process, will form part of the basis of the evolving BRAINSTACK in the upcoming three TES-n/NOW flights. Additionally, it is planned to measure the radiation environment these processors experience to understand any degradation or computational artifacts caused by long term space radiation exposure on these novel architectures. This evolving flexible and collaborative environment involving various research teams across NASA and other organizations is intended to be a convenient orbital test platform from which many anticipated future space AI/ML applications may be initially tested.

Artificial Intelligence↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

BRAINSTACK – A Platform for Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Collaborative Experiments on a Nano-Satellite

As space missions continue to become more ambitious, complex, and distant to Earth, the need for advanced on-board intelligent decision making to guide everything from mission operations to fault detection and recovery has become a major front of space research. While the prevalence of research on such Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI/ML) modules has exploded, the capacity to experimentally validate such modules in space in a rapid and inexpensive format has not. To this end, the Nano Orbital Workshop (NOW) group at NASA Ames Research Center has been at the forefront of performing initial flight evaluation tests of ‘commercially’ available AI/ML computational platforms via the TechEdSat (TES-n) flight series as part of what is programmatically referred to as the BRAINSTACK. BRAINSTACK will provide an orbital AI/ML evaluation laboratory where computational experiments are pre-loaded into memory prior to launch, and then executed as desired during the mission, with results reported back and program tweaks or new data sets uploaded as needed. Processors selected as part of the BRAINSTACK are of ideal size, packaging, and power consumption for easy integration into a cube satellite structure. These experiments have included the evaluation of small, high-performance GPUs and more recently, neuromorphic processors in LEO operations. Neuromorphic processors are of particular interest due to their superior computational power efficiency over GPUs. The first TES-n flight test of an Intel first-generation Loihi neuromorphic processor launched on January 13, 2022 and continues to operate in orbit despite almost no space environment modifications. The Intel Loihi Gen-1 is characterized by a 14nm 128-core Spiking Neural Network (SNN) able to support on-chip training. This experiment utilized a Loihi packaged in the ‘Kapoho Bay’ USB module, providing a relatively straight-forward interface to the bus avionics system. The Kapoho Bay was in turn managed by a host Intel Pentium single-board computer to handle scheduling of the AI/ML application payloads, and communications with the satellite vehicle manager. The recently released Intel Loihi Gen-2, able to support integer-valued spike payloads and produced using 7nm process, will form part of the basis of the evolving BRAINSTACK in the upcoming three TES-n/NOW flights. Additionally, it is planned to measure the radiation environment these processors experience to understand any degradation or computational artifacts caused by long term space radiation exposure on these novel architectures. This evolving flexible and collaborative environment involving various research teams across NASA and other organizations is intended to be a convenient orbital test platform from which many anticipated future space AI/ML applications may be initially tested.

Artificial Intelligence↗

NASA NTRS1995

A two-year program of aerobics and weight training enhances bone mineral density of young women

Previous research suggests that physical activity may have a beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD) in women. This relationship was explored in a 2-year, randomized, intervention trial investigating the efficacy of exercise and calcium supplementation on increasing peak bone mass in young women. One hundred and twenty-seven subjects (ages of 20-35 years) were randomly assigned either to an exercise program that contained both aerobics and weight training components or to a stretching program. Calcium supplementation (up to 1500 mg/day including dietary intake) or placebo was given in a double-blinded design to all subjects. Spinal trabecular BMD was determined using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Spinal integral, femoral neck, and trochanteric BMD were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and calcaneal BMD by single photon absorptiometry (SPA). Fitness variables included maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), and isokinetic muscle performance of the trunk and thigh. Measurements were made at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years. Sixty-three subjects (32 exercise, 31 stretching) completed the study, and all the measured bone parameters indicated a positive influence of the exercise intervention. There were significant positive differences in BMD between the exercise and stretching groups for spinal trabecular (2.5%), femoral neck (2.4%), femoral trochanteric (2.3%), and calcaneal (6.4%) measurements. The exercise group demonstrated a significant gain in BMD for spinal integral (1.3 +/- 2.8%, p < 0.02), femoral trochanteric (2.6 +/- 6.1%, p < 0.05), and calcaneal (5.6 +/- 5.1, p < 0.01) measurements. In contrast to exercise, the calcium intervention had no positive effect on any of the bone parameters. In regard to fitness parameters, the exercise group completed the study with significant gains in VO2max and isokinetic (peak torque) values for the knee flexion and extension and trunk extension. This study indicates that over a 2-year period, a combined regimen of aerobics and weight training has beneficial effects on BMD and fitness parameters in young women. However, the addition of daily calcium supplementation does not add significant benefit to the intervention.

Randomized Controlled Trial↗

NASA NTRS2026

Development of the METMAN Thermal Desktop Human Model for System Integration

Human thermal analysis and model development inform NASA’s space suit development, vehicle/habitat design, and survivability studies. Historically, human thermal models such as the 41-node metabolic man (METMAN) and the Wissler model have been standalone software tools developed with FORTRAN, a programming language known for its high performance in computationally intensive applications. Though efficient, these standalone programs pose challenges to coupled human-system analysis with detailed life support and thermal control subsystem models in other commercial software. This paper describes the conversion of the METMAN human thermal model from a standalone FORTRAN program to a model in Thermal Desktop (Ansys), a commonly used CAD-based simulation software for engineering that specializes in heat transfer, thermal radiation, and fluid flow analysis. This format was chosen to best facilitate model sharing and compatibility, enabling the direct integration of METMAN human thermal analysis with subsystem models across NASA programs and commercial partners.

Elizabeth Thurston↗

NASA NTRS1993

Earthbound applications for NASA's physician workstation

The dream of a space probe to Mars or an astronaut colony on the moon persists. Despite years of setbacks and delays, NASA continues to lay the foundation for a new frontier in space. The necessity of a self contained health maintenance facility is an integral part of this stellar venture. As a subsystem of this health maintenance facility, the physician or astronaut workstation was envisioned as the vehicle of interface between the computer resources of the space station and the care provider. Our efforts to define and build this interface have resulted in a series of programs which can now be tested and refined using earth-based applications. The modules which have dual-use application from the NASA workstation include: patient scheduling and master patient index, pharmacy, laboratory, medical library, problem list/progress notes, and digital medical records. Our current plan is to develop these tools as objects that can be assembled in a variety of configurations. This will allow the technology to be used by the private sector where each doctor can select the starting point of his outpatient office system and add modules as he makes progress in system integration and training.

NASA Discipline Number 70-30↗

NASA NTRS1963

Earth Reflected Solar Radiation Incident upon an Arbitrarily Oriented Spinning Flat Plate

A general derivation is given for the earth reflected solar radiation input to a flat plate--a solar cell paddle, for example--which is spinning about an axis coincident with the axis of symmetry of the satellite to which it is affixed. The resulting equations are written for the general case so that arbitrary orientations of the spin axis with respect to the earth-satellite line and arbitrary orientations of the normal to the plate with respect to the spin axis can be treated. No attempt is made to perform the resulting integrations because of the complexity of the equations; nor is there any attempt to delineate the integration limits for the general case. However, the equations governing these limits are given. The appendixes contain: the results, in graphical form, of two representative examples; the general computer program for the calculation is given in Fortran notation; and the results of a calculation of the distribution of albedo energy on the proposed Echo II satellite. The value of the mean solar constant used is 1.395 times 10 (sup 4) ergs per centimeters-squared per second; the mean albedo of the earth is assumed to be 0.34; and the earth is assumed to be a diffuse reflector.

SOLAR RADIATION↗

NASA NTRS1970

Neutron ages computed from experimental activation data

Computer program reduces time manually required to compute neutron age and to provide definite plan of procedural choices. Program allows convenient comparison of several fitting and error analysis procedures. Program code provides for error estimation of various integration options.

Semler, T. T.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Auroral oval kinematics program

A computer program which determines the geographic location of the auroral oval for given universal time and level of geomagnetic activity was developed for use on the IBM 7094 computer. The program provides both printed output of geographic coordinates of auroral oval boundaries and polar plots of the auroral oval. In addition, there is available a time-integration option which indicates how long a given location is under the auroral oval during a specified period. A description is given of the program and its use.

Comfort, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Vibrations of incompressible liquid-plastic tank combinations using a series representation of the liquid

A series representation is presented of the dynamic behavior of incompressible non-viscous liquids contained in partially filled elastic shells of revolution. Using a series in which each term satisfies exactly Laplace's equation, the liquid portion of the problem becomes an integral equation on the wetted wall of the shell. Physical insight required in selecting the terms of the series is such that selection may be readily programed on a computer. Liquid-shell vibration interaction is investigated by modifying an existing shell of revolution vibration program with the series expansion of the liquid pressure loading on the wetted shell wall. Application of the modified program is demonstrated on a hemispherical tank and a realistic scaled model of a launch vehicle tank having a more complex geometry. Comparison of the present analysis with a NASTRAN finite element analysis for a hemispherical tank, and comparison with test results for a launch vehicle tank shows excellent agreement and rapid convergence of the series representation of the liquid to the true solution.

Housner, J. M.↗

NASA NTRS1979

ATLAS, an integrated structural analysis and design system. Volume 2: System design document

ATLAS is a structural analysis and design system, operational on the Control Data Corporation 6600/CYBER computers. The overall system design, the design of the individual program modules, and the routines in the ATLAS system library are described. The overall design is discussed in terms of system architecture, executive function, data base structure, user program interfaces and operational procedures. The program module sections include detailed code description, common block usage and random access file usage. The description of the ATLAS program library includes all information needed to use these general purpose routines.

Erickson, W. J.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Ink-jet printing of silver metallization for photovoltaics

The status of the ink-jet printing program at Purdue University is described. The drop-on-demand printing system was modified to use metallo-organic decomposition (MOD) inks. Also, an IBM AT computer was integrated into the ink-jet printer system to provide operational functions and contact pattern configuration. The integration of the ink-jet printing system, problems encountered, and solutions derived were described in detail. The status of ink-jet printing using a MOD ink was discussed. The ink contained silver neodecanate and bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate dissolved in toluene; the MOD ink decomposition products being 99 wt% AG, and 1 wt% Bi.

Vest, R. W.↗