Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Domain engineering of the metastable domains in the 4f-uniaxial-ferromagnet CeRu 2 Ga 2 B

In search of novel, improved materials for magnetic data storage and spintronic devices, compounds that allow a tailoring of magnetic domain shapes and sizes are essential. Good candidates are materials with intrinsic anisotropies or competing interactions, as they are prone to host various domain phases that can be easily and precisely selected by external tuning parameters such as temperature and magnetic field. Here, we utilize vector magnetic fields to visualize directly the magnetic anisotropy in the uniaxial ferromagnet CeRu 2 Ga 2 B. We demonstrate a feasible control both globally and locally of domain shapes and sizes by the external field as well as a smooth transition from single stripe to bubble domains, which opens the door to future applications based on magnetic domain tailoring.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Fast chirality reversal of the magnetic vortex by electric current

The possibility of high-density information encoding in magnetic materials by topologically stable inhomogeneous magnetization configurations such as domain walls, skyrmions, and vortices has motivated intense research into mechanisms enabling their control and detection. While the uniform magnetization states can be efficiently controlled by electric current using magnetic multilayer structures, this approach has proven much more difficult to implement for inhomogeneous states. Here, we report direct observation of fast reversal of magnetic vortex by electric current in a simple planar structure based on a bilayer of spin Hall material Pt with a single microscopic ferromagnetic disk contacted by asymmetric electrodes. The reversal is enabled by a combination of the chiral Oersted field and spin current generated by the nonuniform current distribution in Pt. Our results provide a route for the efficient control of inhomogeneous magnetization configurations by electric current.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2026

Spin Texture Control and Magnetic Gap Engineering in a Ferromagnetic Insulator–Topological Insulator Sandwiched Heterostructure

Quantum materials that combine magnetism with topological order are emerging as key platforms for next-generation spintronics and low-energy electronics. They enable the realization of emergent quantum phenomena, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect and axion insulator states. The ferromagnetic insulator (FMI)/topological insulator (TI)/FMI sandwich structure of a single-septuple layer (1SL) MnBi 2 Te 4 /four-quintuple layer (4QL) Bi 2 Te 3 /1SL MnBi 2 Te 4 holds great potential to achieve such desirable quantum phenomena at an elevated temperature, owing to its large Dirac point band gap and high Curie temperature. Here, for this work, spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (spin-ARPES) is employed to directly verify that the band gap arises from broken time-reversal symmetry via proximity-driven magnetization. This study demonstrates direct control of the spin state via external magnetic fields and unambiguously confirms the exchange interaction as the gap-opening mechanism. The robust magnetic gap and controllable spin texture make this heterostructure a suitable candidate for spintronic applications and magnetic topological quantum phases.

exchange gap↗
DOE OSTI2015

Ferromagnetic domain behavior and phase transition in bilayer manganites investigated at the nanoscale

Understanding the underlying mechanism and phenomenology of colossal magnetoresistance in manganites has largely focused on atomic and nanoscale physics such as double exchange, phase separation, and charge order. Here in this article, we consider a more macroscopic view of manganite materials physics, reporting on the ferromagnetic domain behavior in a bilayer manganite sample with a nominal composition of La 2-2x Sr 1+2x Mn 2 O 7 with x = 0:38, studied using in-situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The role of magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the structure of domain walls was elucidated. On cooling, magnetic domain contrast was seen to appear first at the Curie temperature within the a - b plane. With further reduction in temperature, the change in area fraction of magnetic domains was used to estimate the critical exponent describing the ferromagntic phase transition. Lastly, the ferromagnetic phase transition was accompanied by a distinctive nanoscale granular contrast close to the Curie temperature, which we infer to be related to the presence of ferromagnetic nanoclusters in a paramagnetic matrix, which has not yet been reported in bilayer manganites.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Charge transport and antiferromagnetic ordering in nitroxide radical crystals

Nonconjugated radical polymers and small molecules are employed as functional materials in organic electronic devices. Furthermore, the unpaired electrons on these materials have permanent magnetic moments, making these materials promising candidates for organic magnets. Through molecular design, strong antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering have been achieved in conjugated materials. However, the magnetic properties of nonconjugated radical polymers have only shown weak magnetic interactions among the open-shell sites due to the large mean separation between radicals in typical materials. Here, we have designed, synthesized, and crystalized two open-shell molecules that used molecular engineering to control the assembly of the open-shell sites into a strong antiferromagnetically ordered network. The strong antiferromagnetic interaction is evidenced by a high paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic transition temperature of ~40 K. This high transition temperature was a result of a high spin exchange coupling constant J of about –20 cm –1 , which was suggested by both experimental and computed coupling parameters given by the energy difference between high-spin and low-spin broken-symmetry structures. In addition, a single-crystal electrical conductivity of ~10 –3 S m –1 was achieved, which indicated the potential of this material in electronic applications. As a result, this work provides an insight into a design strategy for radical-based electronic and magnetic materials through proper molecular structure modifications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1999

A magnetostatic-coupling based remote query sensor for environmental monitoring

A new type of in situ, remotely monitored magnetism-based sensor is presented that is comprised of an array of magnetically soft, magnetostatically-coupled ferromagnetic thin-film elements or particles combined with a chemically responsive material that swells or shrinks in response to the analyte of interest. As the chemically responsive material changes size the distance between the ferromagnetic elements changes, altering the inter-element magnetostatic coupling. This in turn changes the coercive force of the sensor, the amplitude of the voltage spikes detected in nearby pick-up coils upon magnetization reversal and the number of higher-order harmonics generated by the flux reversal. Since the sensor is monitored through changes in magnetic flux, no physical connections such as wires or cables are needed to obtain sensor information, nor is line of sight alignment required as with laser telemetry; the sensors can be detected from within sealed, opaque or thin metallic enclosures.

NASA Discipline Life Sciences Technologies↗
DOE OSTI2023

YbV 3 ⁢Sb 4 and EuV 3 ⁢Sb 4 vanadium-based kagome metals with Yb 2+ and Eu 2+ zigzag chains

Here, in this work, we present Yb⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 and Eu⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 , two compounds exhibiting slightly distorted vanadium-based kagome nets interleaved with zigzag chains of divalent Yb 2+ and Eu 2+ ions. Single crystal growth methods are reported alongside magnetic, electronic, and heat capacity measurements. Yb⁢V 3⁢ Sb 4 is a nonmagnetic metal with no collective phase transitions observed between 60 mK and 300 K. Conversely, Eu⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 is a magnetic kagome metal exhibiting easy-plane ferromagneticlike order below T C =32 K with hints of modulated spin texture under low field. With Yb⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 and Eu⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 we demonstrate another direction for the discovery and development of vanadium-based kagome metals while incorporating the chemical and magnetic degrees of freedom offered by a rare-earth sublattice.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Dynamic generation of spin-wave currents in hybrid structures

Spin transport through the interface in a semiconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structure is studied by the nonequilibrium statistical operator method under conditions of the spin Seebeck effect. The effective parameter approach in which each examined subsystem (conduction electrons, magnons, phonons) is characterized by its specific effective temperature is considered. The effect of the resonant (electric dipole) excitation of the spin electronic subsystem of conduction electrons on spin-wave current excitation in a ferromagnetic insulator is considered. The macroscopic equations describing the spin-wave current caused by both resonant excitation of the spin system of conduction electrons and the presence of a nonuniform temperature field in the ferromagnetic insulator are derived taking into account both the resonance-diffusion propagation of magnons and their relaxation processes. It is shown that spin-wave current excitation is also of resonant nature under the given conditions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Effects of Ferromagnetic Disks on AC Losses in HTS Pancake Coils with Nonmagnetic and Magnetic Substrates

Performance improvement of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) pancake coil is of paramount importance for its application in electrical facilities. In this paper, the utilization of ferromagnetic disks including weak magnetic material and strong magnetic material is investigated through numerical simulations for the aim of reducing the AC loss. Both the nonmagnetic and magnetic substrates are considered for the rare-earth-barium-copper-oxide coated conductor tapes wounded into the pancake coil. In order to analyze the influences of ferromagnetic disks on the maximum allowable currents and AC losses of nonmagnetic substrate-based coil and magnetic substrate-based coil, a self-consistent model based on the A-formulation is adopted to calculate the critical current and a 2D axisymmetric model built on the H-formulations is established to calculate the AC loss. According to the simulation results, it is found that ferromagnetic disks especially the strong magnetic disk are slightly detrimental to the critical currents of the pancake coils. Nevertheless, the presence of large background field weakens the effects of ferromagnetic disks. The simulation results also indicate that strong magnetic disks achieve about 50% reduction of the AC loss in the nonmagnetic substrate-based coil, and the AC loss of the magnetic substrate-based coil can be increased or reduced with strong magnetic disks depending on the applied current amplitude. The utilization of strong magnetic disks leads to the enhancement of the AC loss in the magnetic substrate-based coil at lower current and to the reduction of it at larger current.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nanoscale Skyrmions in a Nonchiral Metallic Multiferroic: Ni 2 MnGa

Magnetic skyrmions belong to a set of topologically nontrivial spin textures at the nanoscale that have received increased attention due to their emergent behavior and novel potential spintronic applications. Discovering materials systems that can host skyrmions at room temperature in the absence of external magnetic field is of crucial importance not only from a fundamental aspect, but also from a technological point of view. So far, the observations of skyrmions in bulk metallic ferromagnets have been limited to low temperatures and to materials that exhibit strong chiral interactions. In this paper, we show the formation of nanoscale skyrmions in a nonchiral multiferroic material, which is ferromagnetic and ferroelastic, Ni 2 MnGa at room temperature without the presence of external magnetic fields. By using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy in combination with micromagnetic simulations, we elucidate their formation, behavior, and stability under applied magnetic fields at room temperature. Finally, the formation of skyrmions in a multiferroic material with no broken inversion symmetry presents new exciting opportunities for the exploration of the fundamental physics of topologically nontrivial spin textures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic, Optoelectronic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Sr{sub 2}CrXO{sub 6} (X = La and Y): Half-Metallic and Ferromagnetic Behavior

The effects of spin polarization on the structure, magnetic, and optoelectronic properties of Cr-based series of double perovskites Sr{sub 2}CrXO{sub 6} (X = La and Y) have been studied by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW), based on the density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the Wien2k code, within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), GGA + U, and GGA plus Trans-Blaha-modified Becke–Johnson (TB-mBJ) as the exchange correlation. Our results show a similar half-metallic ferromagnetic ground state for both materials. From the electronic properties, it is found that Sr{sub 2}CrYO{sub 6} has a direct band gap at (Γ-Γ) direction and Sr{sub 2}CrLaO{sub 6} has an indirect band gap at (Γ-W) direction. Furthermore, we have computed the optic and thermodynamic properties which are investigated for the first time. Consequently, the magnetic, optoelectronic, and thermodynamic properties show these compounds are promising for high technological applications, namely spintronic materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnons in one-dimensional k-component Fibonacci structures

We have studied the magnon transmission through of one-dimensional magnonic k-component Fibonacci structures, where k different materials are arranged in accordance with the following substitution rule: S{sub n}{sup (k)}=S{sub n−1}{sup (k)}S{sub n−k}{sup (k)} (n≥k=0,1,2,…), where S{sub n}{sup (k)} is the nth stage of the sequence. The calculations were carried out in exchange dominated regime within the framework of the Heisenberg model and taking into account the RPA approximation. We have considered multilayers composed of simple cubic spin-S Heisenberg ferromagnets, and, by using the powerful transfer-matrix method, the spin wave transmission is obtained. It is demonstrated that the transmission coefficient has a rich and interesting magnonic pass- and stop-bands structures, which depends on the frequency of magnons and the k values.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Transverse barrier formation by electrical triggering of a metal-to-insulator transition

Application of an electric stimulus to a material with a metal-insulator transition can trigger a large resistance change. Resistive switching from an insulating into a metallic phase, which typically occurs by the formation of a conducting filament parallel to the current flow, is a highly active research topic. Using the magneto-optical Kerr imaging, we found that the opposite type of resistive switching, from a metal into an insulator, occurs in a reciprocal characteristic spatial pattern: the formation of an insulating barrier perpendicular to the driving current. This barrier formation leads to an unusual N-type negative differential resistance in the current-voltage characteristics. We further demonstrate that electrically inducing a transverse barrier enables a unique approach to voltage-controlled magnetism. By triggering the metal-to-insulator resistive switching in a magnetic material, local on/off control of ferromagnetism is achieved using a global voltage bias applied to the whole device.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Study on the oxygen vacancy redistribution and the mechanism of electrical manipulation of ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic oxides

Electrical manipulation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) has been observed in several kinds of transition metal doped diluted magnetic oxide films. We demonstrate using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the redistribution of the oxygen vacancies in a film under an electric field plays a crucial role in the enhancement of the RTFM. Based on a detailed analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data for the oxygen vacancy distribution in different resistive states, a unified mechanism has been proposed. This work points out a new direction for improving the magnetic properties of these materials by controlling oxygen vacancies in the interior of the films.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Effects of turbulence, resistivity and boundary conditions on helicoidal flow collimation: Consequences for the Von-Kármán-Sodium dynamo experiment

We present hydrodynamic and magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of a liquid sodium flow using the compressible MHD code PLUTO to investigate the magnetic field regeneration in the Von-Karman-Sodium dynamo experiment. The aim of the study is to analyze influence of the fluid resistivity and turbulence level on the collimation by helicoidal motions of a remnant magnetic field. We use a simplified cartesian geometry to represent the flow dynamics in the vicinity of one cavity of a multi-blades impeller inspired by those used in the Von-Karman-Sodium (VKS) experiment. We perform numerical simulations with kinetic Reynolds numbers up to 1000 for magnetic Prandtl numbers between 30 and 0.1. Our study shows that perfect ferromagnetic walls favour enhanced collimation of flow and magnetic fields even if the turbulence degree of the model increases. More specifically the location of the helicoidal coherent vortex in between the blades changes with the impinging velocity. It becomes closer to the upstream blade and impeller base if the flow incident angle is analogous to the TM73 impeller configuration rotating in the unscooping direction. This result is also obtained at higher kinetic Reynolds numbers when the helicoidal vortex undergoes a precessing motion, leading to a reinforced effect in the vortex evolution and in the magnetic field collimation when using again perfect ferromagnetic boundary conditions. Configurations with different materials used for the impeller blades and impeller base confirm a larger enhancement of the magnetic field when perfect ferromagnetic boundary conditions are used compared with the perfect conductor case, although smaller than with a perfect ferromagnetic impeller, as it was observed in the VKS experiment. We further estimate the efficiency of a hypothetical dynamo loop occurring in the vicinity of the impeller and discuss the relevance of our findings in the context of mean field dynamo theory.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Equilibrium, metastability, and hysteresis in a model spin-crossover material with nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic-like and long-range ferromagnetic-like interactions

Phase diagrams and hysteresis loops were obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and a mean- field method for a simplified model of a spin-crossovermaterialwith a two-step transition between the high-spin and low-spin states. This model is a mapping onto a square-lattice S = 1/2 Ising model with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and ferromagnetic Husimi-Temperley ( equivalent-neighbor) long-range interactions. Phase diagrams obtained by the two methods for weak and strong long-range interactions are found to be similar. However, for intermediate-strength long-range interactions, the Monte Carlo simulations show that tricritical points decompose into pairs of critical end points and mean-field critical points surrounded by horn-shaped regions of metastability. Hysteresis loops along paths traversing the horn regions are strongly reminiscent of thermal two-step transition loops with hysteresis, recently observed experimentally in several spin-crossover materials. As a result, we believe analogous phenomena should be observable in experiments and simulations for many systems that exhibit competition between local antiferromagnetic-like interactions and long-range ferromagnetic-like interactions caused by elastic distortions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

(Ca,Na)(Zn,Mn){sub 2}As{sub 2}: A new spin and charge doping decoupled diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor

Here, we report the successful synthesis of a spin- and charge-decoupled diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) (Ca,Na)(Zn,Mn){sub 2}As{sub 2}, crystallizing into the hexagonal CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} structure. The compound shows a ferromagnetic transition with a Curie temperature up to 33 K with 10% Na doping, which gives rise to carrier density of n{sub p} ∼ 10{sup 20 }cm{sup −3}. The new DMS is a soft magnetic material with H{sub C} < 400 Oe. The anomalous Hall effect is observed below the ferromagnetic ordering temperature. With increasing Mn doping, ferromagnetic order is accompanied by an interaction between the local spin and mobile charge, giving rise to a minimum in resistivity at low temperatures and localizing the conduction electrons. The system provides an ideal platform for studying the interaction of the local spins and conduction electrons.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Carrier transport properties of the Group-IV ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} with and without boron doping

We have investigated the transport and magnetic properties of group-IV ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} films (x = 1.0 and 2.3%) with and without boron doping grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In order to accurately measure the transport properties of 100-nm-thick Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} films, (001)-oriented silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with an ultra-thin Si body layer (∼5 nm) were used as substrates. Owing to the low Fe content, the hole concentration and mobility in the Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} films were exactly estimated by Hall measurements because the anomalous Hall effect in these films was found to be negligibly small. By boron doping, we increased the hole concentration in Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} from ∼10{sup 18} cm{sup −3} to ∼10{sup 20} cm{sup −3} (x = 1.0%) and to ∼10{sup 19} cm{sup −3} (x = 2.3%), but no correlation was observed between the hole concentration and magnetic properties. This result presents a contrast to the hole-induced ferromagnetism in III-V ferromagnetic semiconductors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗