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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 847 records · Page 47
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

In vivo inhibition of tumor progression by 5 hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone) and 2-(4-hydroxyanilino)-1,4-naphthoquinone (Q7) in combination with ascorbate

The purpose of the study was to obtain further in vivo data of antitumor effects and mechanisms triggered by juglone and Q7 in combination with ascorbate. The study was done using Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. Treatments were intraperitoneal every 24 h for 9 days. Control group was treated with excipient. Previous tests selected the doses of juglone and Q7 plus ascorbate (1 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). Samples of ascitic fluid were collected to evaluate carbonyl proteins, GSH and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α, GLUT1, proteins driving cell cycle (p53, p16 and cyclin A) and apoptosis (poly-ADP-polymerase PARP, Bax and Bcl-xL) were assessed by western blot. Tumor cells were categorized by the phase of cell cycle using flow cytometry and type of cell death using acridine orange/ethidium bromide. A glucose uptake assessment was performed by liquid scintillation using Ehrlich tumor cells cultured with {sup 14}C-deoxyglucose. Treatments caused increased protein carbonylation and activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of GSH, HIF-1α, GLUT1 and glucose uptake in tumor cells. They also caused increased number of tumor cells in G1, p53 and p16 activation and decreased cyclin A, but only when combined with ascorbate. Apoptosis was induced mostly when treatments were done with ascorbate, causing PARP and Bax cleavage, and increased Bax/Bcl-xL ratio. Juglone and Q7 in combination with ascorbate caused inhibition of tumor progress in vivo by triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest associated with oxidative stress, suppression of HIF-1 and uncoupling of glycolytic metabolism. - Highlights: • Ascorbate potentiates the inhibition caused by juglone and Q7on tumor progress in vivo. • Juglone and Q7 with ascorbate caused widespread oxidative stress in tumor tissue. • Treatments inhibited HIF-1 and GLUT1 expression causing reduced glucose uptake. • Treatments induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor in vivo.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Earthquake Arrival Association with Backprojection and Graph Theory

The association of seismic-wave arrivals with causative earthquakes becomes progressively more challenging as arrival detection methods become more sensitive, and particularly when earthquake rates are high. For instance, seismic waves arriving across a monitoring network from several sources may overlap in time, false arrivals may be detected, and some arrivals may be of unknown phase (e.g., P or S waves). We propose an automated method to associate arrivals with earthquake sources and obtain source locations applicable to such situations. To do so, we use a pattern detection metric based on the principle of back-projection to reveal candidate sources followed by graph-theory-based clustering and an integer linear optimization routine to associate arrivals with the minimum number of sources necessary to explain the data. We find that this method solves for all sources and phase assignments simultaneously, rather than in a sequential greedy procedure as is common in other association routines. We demonstrate our method on both synthetic and real data from the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile seismic network of northern Chile. For the synthetic tests, we report results for cases with varying complexity, including rates of 500 earthquakes/day and 500 false arrivals/station/day, for which we measure true positive detection accuracy of >95%. For the real data, we develop a new catalog between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017 containing 817,548 earthquakes, with detection rates on average 279 earthquakes/day and a magnitude-of-completion of M~1.8. A subset of detections are identified as sources related to quarry and industrial site activity, and we also detect thousands of foreshocks and aftershocks of the 1 April 2014 Mw 8.2 Iquique earthquake. During the highest rate of aftershock activity, >600 earthquakes/day are detected in the vicinity of the Iquique earthquake rupture zone.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Ute Mountain Ute Tribe Community-Scale Solar Project (Final Technical Report)

Deployment of Community-Scale solar power has been a goal of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe (Tribe) for several years. The 1 MW AC photovoltaic power facility was built to power Tribal facilities in a manner that would allow the Tribe to credit residents’ electric bills and Tribal government electric bills with the dollar equivalent of the power generated. Other accomplished project objectives, in addition to learning the intricacies of such an endeavor, included strengthening the relationship with the local electric cooperative and their primary power provider, analysis of the generation and operations and maintenance during a one-year test phase, workforce development and training, and using the project to plan and drive future community scale solar projects. The Tribe’s vision of a net-zero electrical independence for its communities became a clearer reality with this project.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Rapidly Viable Sustained Grid

Rapid recovery of power flow, possibly after a blackout, is a crucial need arising in scenarios that are increasingly becoming more frequent; here, solutions for rapid viability of power while the grid is being restored are urgently needed to keep critical infrastructure (CI) online. Increasingly, after the initial recovery phase, sustenance of reliable power requires assistive services to the grid for long periods of time. Even though the need is urgent, there is only sparse effort present toward a comprehensive framework/strategy for making power rapidly viable with an emphasis on sustained grid ancillary services; which is the focus of this proposal. The proposed concept envisions four phases. In the first phase, when a large portion of power is disrupted (see Figure 1(a)), emphasis is on bringing CI online with the objective of maximizing the time horizon of power viability using resources available at the CI. In the second phase (Figure 1(b)), neighborhood resources are tightly coordinated that forms the CI’s central-core (CC) to provide guaranteed viability of CI over a longer horizon. In the third phase, self-organizing power networks are expanded in a distributed layer supporting the central-core (Figure 1(c)). In the fourth phase, separate CI-networks coalesce and are controlled in a coordinated fashion to provide grid ancillary services (AS), such as primary frequency control and enhancing grid resiliency. With time, system efficiencies and penetration of renewables increase, while the time-horizon of guaranteed sustenance of CI is maximized. Under proposed work, the concept will be instantiated with a focus on medical centers as CI. Comprehensive power hardware in the loop strategies and emulated field tests will guide and validate devised solutions. A strong T2M effort to commercialize resulting technology is outlined. The proposed technology will be transformative for the grid. It will fundamentally change the way large contingencies are managed where power systems and critical infrastructure transition from being fragile to being robust using intelligent, self-organizing control for coordinating resources, enhanced resiliency and use of sustainable energy sources.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Search for CP violation in the phase space of D 0 → π + π – π + π – decays

A search for time-integrated CP violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D 0 → π + π – π + π – is performed using an unbinned, model-independent technique known as the energy test. This is the first application of the energy test in four-body decays. The search is performed for P-even CP asymmetries and, for the first time, is extended to probe the P-odd case. Using proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb –1 collected by the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and 8 TeV, the world's best sensitivity to CP violation in this decay is obtained. The data are found to be consistent with the hypothesis of CP symmetry with a p-value of (4.6±0.5)% in the P-even case, and marginally consistent with a p-value of (0.6±0.2)% in the P-odd case, corresponding to a significance for CP non-conservation of 2.7 standard deviations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Evaluating Photocatalysts Using Gamma Radiation

A large amount of attention has been given to photocatalysts using UV radiation as the source of excitation; however, little work has been done to study photocatalysis using higher energy excitation sources, such as gamma or x-rays. During excitation, the photocatalyst absorbs light to produce electron-hole pairs (excitons). These excitons can react with absorbed species to yield reactive radical species that can degrade compounds or induce redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions. Common examples of semiconductor photocatalysts include: TiO{sub 2}, ZnO, Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, ZrO{sub 2}, and SnS. This project was conducted to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of iron using gamma irradiation and several different semiconductor photocatalysts. Photometric Measurements: Photometric determination of Fe{sup II} and Fe{sup III} were made using a Cary 60 UV-Vis Spectrometer over a range of 800 - 200 nm at a scan rate of 60 nm/sec. Ferric (Fe{sup III}) ions have no detectable UV-vis spectrum, thus the absence of a peak in iron-based samples was taken as evidence of Fe{sup III} formation. Solution Preparation: Iron II (Fe{sup II}) standards were made by dissolving FeCl{sub 2}.6H{sub 2}O in deionized water using a sonicator. A solution of 1,10- phenanthroline was made by adding 40 mg of 1,10-phenanthroline to 20 mL of deionized water and sonicating for 60 minutes until a clear solution was obtained. Gamma Radiation Tests: Irradiated samples were exposed to Co-60 gamma radiation (1.17 MeV gamma) at a dose rate of ∼1 x 10{sup 5} Rad/hr Co-60. All samples were irradiated in glass scintillation vials. The presence of 30 mg of SnS reduces the amount of Fe{sup II} in solutions under gamma irradiation relative to samples with no SnS added. Fe{sup II} concentration decreases as irradiation time increases. This effect is enhanced when SnS is present. Fe{sup II} appears to decrease linearly with time. We found that the addition of SnS semiconductor, when combined with gamma radiation, oxidized more Fe{sup II} in the FeCl{sub 2} solution than gamma radiation alone. This suggests that SnS can be used as a photocatalyst using gamma radiation as the excitation source, although more detailed experiments are needed to confirm this belief. The next phase of this project would be to refine the preliminary results by determining exact quantities of SnS semiconductor and gamma radiation that induce sufficient redox. Repeated experiments with more samples could also give more data points for a chance at more representative and accurate data with error bars and standard deviations. Also, other semiconductors could possibly be tested to see how their effect on redox chemistry compares to that of SnS. The scope of this project could also be extended to include other metal or organic solutions to see if similar redox could be obtained.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

State Charlton & MRCSP 1 Characterization Well Report

The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) was founded in 2003 as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership initiative. Since its founding, MRCSP has made significant strides toward making CCUS a viable option for states in the region. The public/private consortium, funded through the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Initiative, brings together nearly 40 industry partners and 10 states. Battelle, as the project lead, oversees research, development and operations and coordinates activities among the partners. The incremental, phased approach has built a valuable knowledge base for the industry and paved the way for commercial-scale adoption of CCUS technologies. From 2008 to 2020, MRCSP Phase III focused on the development of large-scale injection projects. This report is part of a series of reports prepared under the Midwestern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Phase III (Development Phase). These reports summarize and detail the findings of the work conducted under the Phase III project. This report describes the efforts to drill and complete a well in the St. Peter sandstone for characterization and evaluation of storage potential in norther Michigan. However, as presented in this report, the well was not drilled and completed up to the intended target intervals due to drilling related difficulties. While the drilling issues were being resolved, the new Class VI injection well regulations were finalized by the US EPA. MRCSP efforts focused on evaluating CO 2 storage and containment using site characterization, modeling, and monitoring in conjunction with the ongoing CO 2 -EOR operations in the same area. This report describes work associated with the initial test well, the State Chester and MRCSP Well No. 1, drilled to a depth of about 7,968 feet TVD, and subsequently plugged and designated as temporarily abandoned. A high-level overview of data collected and analyzed is provided for shallower units.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2019

Characteristics and Tribological Behaviors of TiAlN/Cr-Ni Composite Coatings at Elevated Temperatures

A TiAlN/Cr-Ni composite coating was fabricated on H13 hot work mold steel using a cathode ion arc plating and laser cladding. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies, chemical compositions, phases and surface roughness of obtained coating were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, energy disperse spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope, respectively, and the bonding strength was measured using a scratch test. The friction-wear properties of TiAlN/Cr-Ni coating at 400, 500 and 600 °C were investigated using a ball-on-disc wear test. The results show that the TiAlN coating is primarily composed of c-TiN and c-AlN hard phases, and the bonding strength of TiAlN coating with the Cr-Ni coating is 22.15 N. The average coefficients of friction of TiAlN/Cr-Ni coating at 400, 500 and 600 °C are 0.458, 0.318 and 0.449, respectively, and the corresponding wear rates are 0.329 × 10{sup −3}, 0.384 × 10{sup −3} and 0.205 × 10{sup −3} mm{sup 3} N{sup −1} s{sup −1}, respectively, and the wear mechanism includes adhesive wear and oxidation wear.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti 3 SiC 2 and Ti 2 AlC

Here, we report on the characterization of defects formed in polycrystalline Ti 3 SiC 2 and Ti 2 AlC samples exposed to neutron irradiation – up to 0.1 displacements per atom (dpa) at 350 ± 40 °C or 695 ± 25 °C, and up to 0.4 dpa at 350 ± 40 °C. Black spots are observed in both Ti 3 SiC 2 and Ti 2 AlC after irradiation to both 0.1 and 0.4 dpa at 350 °C. After irradiation to 0.1 dpa at 695 °C, small basal dislocation loops, with a Burgers vector of b = 1/2 [0001] are observed in both materials. At 9 ± 3 and 10 ± 5 nm, the loop diameters in the Ti 3 SiC 2 and Ti 2 AlC samples, respectively, were comparable. At 1 × 10 23 loops/m 3 , the dislocation loop density in Ti 2 AlC was ≈1.5 orders of magnitude greater than in Ti 3 SiC 2 , at 3 x 10 21 loops/m3. After irradiation at 350 °C, extensive microcracking was observed in Ti 2 AlC, but not in Ti 3 SiC 2 . The room temperature electrical resistivities increased as a function of neutron dose for all samples tested, and appear to saturate in the case of Ti 3 SiC 2 . The MAX phases are unequivocally more neutron radiation tolerant than the impurity phases TiC and Al 2 O 3 . Based on these results, Ti 3 SiC 2 appears to be a more promising MAX phase candidate for high temperature nuclear applications than Ti 2 AlC.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Adsorption and Destruction of the G-Series Nerve Agent Simulant Dimethyl Methylphosphonate on Zinc Oxide

Organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are extremely toxic compounds that are nominally mitigated with gas mask filtration employing metal oxide impregnated activated carbon filtration material. To develop more effective sorbents, it is important to understand the surface chemistry between these organophosphorus compounds and the individual components that make up these filtration materials. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to investigate the adsorption and decomposition mechanisms between a sarin simulant molecule, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and zinc oxide, which is a component found in current filtration materials. Theoretical calculations show that DMMP readily adsorbs to a pristine and hydroxylated ZnO ($101\bar 0$) surface with average adsorption energies of 132 and 65 kJ mol –1 , respectively. Experimental diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reveals that ZnO adsorbs water and readily hydroxylates under ambient conditions, which can facilitate adsorption through hydrogen bonding of the P$=$O to ZnO surface hydroxyls. FTIR gas phase analysis also reveals that DMMP decomposes in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to produce methanol at room temperature. Assuming a fully hydroxylated surface of ZnO, DFT calculations reveal several plausible mechanisms for DMMP decomposition to form methanol with an activation energy barrier of 99.6 kJ mol –1 . Finally, on the basis of this energy barrier to decompose DMMP, a turnover frequency (TOF) of only 3.5 × 10 –7 s –1 is calculated assuming full coverage of DMMP on the ZnO nanoparticles tested. This value is qualitatively consistent with experimental results.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

High Precision RF Control for SRF Cavities in LCLS-II

The unique properties of SRF cavities enable a new generation of X-ray light sources in XFEL and LCLS-II. The LCLS-II design calls for 280 L-band cavities to be operated in CW mode with a Q_{L} of 4x10⁷, using Single-Source Single-Cavity control. The target RF field stability is 0.01% and 0.01 degree for the band above 1 Hz. Hardware and software implementing a digital LLRF system has been constructed by a four-lab collaboration to minimize known contributors to cavity RF field fluctuation. Efforts include careful attachment to the phase reference line, and minimizing the effects of RF crosstalk by placing forward and reverse signals in chassis separate from the cavity measurement. A low-noise receiver/digitizer section will allow feedback to operate with high proportional gain without excessive noise being sent to the drive amplifier. Test results will show behavior on prototype cryomodules at FNAL and JLab, ahead of the 2018 final accelerator installation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fiscal Year 2020 Filtration of Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-105

Bench-scale filtration testing of 15 liters of 241-AP-105 supernatant was conducted using a Mott inline filter Model 6610 (media grade 5) backpulsed dead-end filter (BDEF) in the hot cells of the Radiochemical Processing Laboratory at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The as-received samples were diluted with raw water from the Hanford Site to assess the propensity for solids to form upon dilution and to assess the impact those solids have on filtration performance. The feed was split into two batches. The first batch was settled and decanted as planned in Tank Side Cesium Removal operations. The BDEF was used to filter this AP-105 feed at a targeted flux of 0.065 gpm/ft 2 and exhibited no measurable pressure increase during filtration. The second batch was fed to the BDEF with solids resuspended. This was also operated at the targeted flux of 0.065 gpm/ft 2 . In this case, the target pressure differential of 2 psid (resistance of 6.24 × 10 10 m -1 ) was reached in slightly more than 12 h. A backpulse restored the filter flux; however, the time to the next backpulse was slightly shorter. These tests indicate that after the addition of raw water, settle and decant effectively removed solids from the feed. It is not possible to assess the time required for these solids to settle based on the result from these tests. However, if sufficient time is allowed for the solids to settle, no measurable filter fouling was observed in current testing. In contrast, if insufficient time is allowed for solids to settle, filter fouling will occur relatively quickly and will likely require backpulses more frequently than every 12 hours (1.91 m 3 /m 2 volume filtered). Solids concentrated from backpulse solutions displayed large variability in composition with Al-silicates and mixed chromium-aluminum oxide phases. Amounts of Mg, Fe, and Ca were also found in the presence of Na and O. These solids could be grouped in three categories: (1) soluble Na-salts that formed large block-like particles but were made up of fibrous materials, (2) amorphous Al-phases, and (3) colloidal iron oxides with an average particle diameter of 4.2 µm.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Experiment and simulation of high-speed gas jet penetration into a semicircular fluidized bed

This work marks the third in a series of experiments that were in a semi-circular, gas-fluidized bed with side jets. In this work, the particles are (nominally) 1 mm ceramic beads. The bed is operated just at and slightly above and below the minimum fluidization velocity and additional fluidization is provided by two high-speed gas located on the sides of the bed near the flat, front face of the unit. Two primary measurements are taken: high-speed video recording of the front of the bed and bed pressure drop from a tap in the back of the bed. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used to determine particle motion, characterized as a mean Froude number, from the high-speed video. A CFD-DEM model of the bed is presented using the recently released MFIX-Exa code. Four model subvariants are considered using two methods of representing the jets and two drag models, both of which are calibrated to exactly match the experimentally measured minimum fluidization velocity. Although it is more difficult to determine the jet penetration depths in a straightforward manner as in the previous works using Froude number contours, the CFD-DEM results compare quite well to the PIV measurements, particularly for submodel flow Syam. Unfortunately, the good agreement of the solids-phase is overshadowed by significant disagreement in the gas-phase data. Specifically, the predicted time averaged standard deviation of the pressure drop is found to be over an order of magnitude larger than measured. Due to the low value of the measurements, just 1% of the mean bed pressure drop, it seems possible that the data is in error. On the other hand, the model may not be accurately capturing pressure attenuation through an under-fluidized region in the back of the bed. Without the possibility additional experiments to test the validity of the data, this work is simply being reported “as is” without being able to indicate which, either the simulation or the experiment, is more correct.<br>

Fullmer, William D.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Evaluation of interfacial area transport models for horizontal bubbly flow

This paper presents evaluation results of interfacial area transport equation (IATE) for horizontal air-water bubbly flow. The steady-state one-dimensional, one-group IATE for adiabatic air-water bubbly flow developed by Talley [1] is employed in the current evaluation study. The models evaluated include: (a) drift-flux-based closure relations for void-weighted bubble velocity and void fraction; (b) frictional pressure drop model based on the Lockhart-Martinelli approach; (c) bubble interaction mechanisms; and (d) covariance associated with asymmetric bubble distribution in horizontal two-phase flow. In order to evaluate the models, a local two-phase flow database obtained by the four-sensor conductivity probe in fourteen different test conditions is employed, which covers a wide range of flow conditions in horizontal bubbly flow regime, with superficial liquid and gas velocities ranging from 3.50-6.00 m/s and 0.09- 1.00 m/s, respectively. It is demonstrated that both the void weighted bubble velocity and void fraction are predicted well with an average percent difference of ±2.7%. The fictional pressure loss can be predicted with an average percent difference of ±1.12%. The covariance parameters calculated from the modeling approach generally compare well with those calculated from experimental data within ±20% difference. It is found that the IATE generally predicts the measured interfacial area concentration with an average percent difference of ±5.7%. Furthermore, the effect of liquid velocity on individual bubble interaction mechanisms is investigated. It is found that both the contributions of random collision and turbulent impact decrease as liquid velocity decreases. (authors)

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

HTTR-GT/H2 test plant - conceptual design study on new intermediate heat exchanger - 18747

Japan Atomic Energy Agency is developing a nuclear cogeneration demonstration test facility named HTTR-GT/H2 that is connected to the existing test reactor HTTR. In the facility, an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) at maximum service temperature of 900 deg. C is to be newly constructed to supply the high temperature helium flows to both the helium gas turbine system and the hydrogen production system. The conceptual design study on the IHX is conducted considering the future application to the Gas Turbine High Temperature Reactor 300 Cogeneration (GTHTR300C). Several new concepts are proposed and incorporated in the demonstrating IHX design in order to (1) ease integration of the IHX with the gas turbine system to simplify the cogeneration plant layout; (2) allow conventional low-cost steel for construction of the IHX pressure vessel and nozzles; (3) flexibility to accommodate thermal expansion of the bundle and internal structures.; (4) maintaining the structural integrity at elevated service temperature range. This paper describes the conceptual design study results for the IHX and technical issues to be solved in the future design phases. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Effect of Aluminum Titanate (Al 2 TiO 5 ) Doping on the Mechanical Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Ni-YSZ Anode

The mechanical behavior of un-doped and 1–10 wt.% aluminum titanate doped NiO-YSZ anodes was evaluated in the oxidized and reduced state of the material. Sample bars 25 × 5 × 2 mm were fabricated and tested in a three-point bending apparatus and statistical analyzes of the collected data were performed. A remarkable enhancement of the flexural strength was found both for the reduced and oxidized state of the material when compared to the un-doped samples. In both cases, the development of a secondary phase was observed proportional to the doping amount of aluminum titanate. Morphological analysis along with preliminary phase identification and suspected mechanisms for strength enhancement are presented and discussed.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Literature Data on Foam Fracturing Fluid

At the beginning of this project, the Temple team spent significant effort to collect data relevant to foam fracturing. More than 40 articles/reports were found in the open literature that reported the properties of aqueous foams under various testing conditions. The foam properties included viscosity and stability in terms of half-life, while were influenced by the foam quality, shear rate, temperature, pressure, as well as surfactants and additives used in making the foam base solutions. As a result, more than 1100 data points were collected, which are included in a master worksheet named "Literature data on Foam Fracturing Fluid". These data points are organized based on following parameters: 1. Literature source, including authors and publication year 2. Gaseous phase (e.g. CO2, N2) 3. Liquid phase (e.g. tap water, DI water, salt water) 4. Surfactants and their concentrations 6. Additives 7. Foam quality 8. Pressure 9. Temperature 10. Viscosity 11. Foam stability, which was characterized by its half-life: Half-life Foam study data base with data analysis was completed and a webpage is designed hosted on public server at https://surfactant-dashboard.herokuapp.com

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Direct Air Capture of CO2 (DAC) [Tech Snapshot]

Researchers at Los Alamos have extensive capabilities in design, testing and optimization of: (1) new capture materials based on membrane separation, amine and other solvent and sorbent separation, and porous materials; (2) biological capture methods, particularly algae and plants; (3) full-scale systems using science-based virtual learning; and (4) system performance under specific meteorological conditions, impacts of CO2 capture via atmospheric data and simulations, and availability of energy and storage capacity. The goal for Los Alamos is advancing our physical technologies and engineered systems approaches from the development phase to a minimal viable product in the energy sector for commercial purposes. Los Alamos is seeking strategic commercialization partners to work with us in advancing these capabilities and technologies for commercial viability.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗