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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 847 records · Page 47
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Decomposition of Nonlinear Dynamical Networks via Comparison Systems

In analysis and control of large-scale nonlinear dynamical systems, a distributed approach is often an attractive option due to its computational tractability and usually low communication requirements. Success of the distributed control design relies on the separability of the network into weakly interacting subsystems such that minimal information exchange between subsystems is sufficient to achieve satisfactory control performance. While distributed analysis and control design for dynamical network have been well studied, decomposition of nonlinear networks into weakly interacting subsystems has not received as much attention. In this article we propose a vector Lyapunov functions based approach to quantify the energy-flow in a dynamical network via a model of a comparison system. Introducing a notion of power and energy flow in a dynamical network, we use sum-of-squares programming tools to partition polynomial networks into weakly interacting subsystems. Examples are provided to illustrate the proposed method of decomposition.

Maruf, Abdullah Al↗
NASA NTRS1972

Analysis of legged landers for the survivable soft landing of instrument payloads.

Two methods of analysis have been developed for legged planetary landers. The first of these, the Large Displacement Gear Analysis, is a design tool for statically determining the large displacement stroking behavior, energy absorption characteristics, and internal load distributions in a single gear. The second, the Landing Dynamics Analysis, predicts the spatial landing dynamics of a legged lander. Effects of structural flexibility, elastic-plastic gear load characteristics, and soil properties on the loads, motions, and stability of the lander may be determined. Validation of the analytical techniques is accomplished through comparison of predicted results and experimental data obtained during a model test program.

Laurenson, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Energy efficient engine: Turbine transition duct model technology report

The Low-Pressure Turbine Transition Duct Model Technology Program was directed toward substantiating the aerodynamic definition of a turbine transition duct for the Energy Efficient Engine. This effort was successful in demonstrating an aerodynamically viable compact duct geometry and the performance benefits associated with a low camber low-pressure turbine inlet guide vane. The transition duct design for the flight propulsion system was tested and the pressure loss goal of 0.7 percent was verified. Also, strut fairing pressure distributions, as well as wall pressure coefficients, were in close agreement with analytical predictions. Duct modifications for the integrated core/low spool were also evaluated. The total pressure loss was 1.59 percent. Although the increase in exit area in this design produced higher wall loadings, reflecting a more aggressive aerodynamic design, pressure profiles showed no evidence of flow separation. Overall, the results acquired have provided pertinent design and diagnostic information for the design of a turbine transition duct for both the flight propulsion system and the integrated core/low spool.

Leach, K.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A survey of manufacturers of solar thermal energy systems

Sixty-seven firms that had received funding for development of solar thermal energy systems (STES) were surveyed. The effect of the solar thermal technology systems program in accelerating (STES) were assessed. The 54 firms still developing STES were grouped into a production typology comparing the three major technologies with three basic functions. It was discovered that large and small firms were developing primarily central receiver systems, but also typically worked on more than one technology. Most medium-sized firms worked only on distributed systems. Federal support of STES was perceived as necessary to allow producers to take otherwise unacceptable risks. Approximately half of the respondents would drop out of STES if support were terminated, including a disproportionate number of medium-sized firms. A differentiated view of the technology, taking into account differing firm sizes and the various stages of technology development, was suggested for policy and planning purposes.

Levine, N.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Heat generation in aircraft tires under braked rolling conditions

An analytical model was developed to approximate the internal temperature distribution in an aircraft tire operating under conditions of unyawed braked rolling. The model employs an array of elements to represent the tire cross section and considers the heat generated within the tire to be caused by the change in strain energy associated with cyclic tire deflection. The additional heating due to tire slip and stresses induced by braking are superimposed on the previously developed free rolling model. An extensive experimental program was conducted to verify temperatures predicted from the analytical model. Data from these tests were compared with calculations over a range of operating conditions. The model results were in reasonably good agreement with measured values.

Clark, S. K.↗
NASA NTRS2014

TPSAS-NF1676L-19259-DND

In climate and Earth energy budget studies, understanding the presence and distribution of clouds is an essential first step. AVHRR measurements comprise the longest record of imager data from a common instrument for remote sensing of cloud and radiation properties. The NASA LaRC AVHRR cloud mask is a global cloud detection algorithm used as part of the Climate Data Record (CDR) project initiated by NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The objective of CDR program is to provide climate information derived from weather satellite data for more than 30 years. Recent improvements in the LaRC AVHRR cloud mask include detecting more daytime small cumulus and thin Cirrus in tropical oceans, especially over Sun Glint regions, better discrimination between polar clouds and snow ice surfaces including nighttime over Antarctica where 3.7 μm signals are noisy, and enhancement of nighttime ocean thin Cirrus and low clouds detection. Monthly averaged global and zonal cloud fractions from improved NOAA 18 AVHRR cloud mask compare well with CERES-MODIS Edition 4 (CM Ed4), MODIS team, and CALIPSO cloud mask. Spatially and temporally matched cloud detection statistics between NOAA 18 AVHRR and CALIPSO cloud mask will also be presented.

Qing Z Trepte↗
DOE OSTI2021

C$^3$: A "Cool" Route to the Higgs Boson and Beyond

We present a proposal for a cold copper distributed coupling accelerator that can provide a rapid route to precision Higgs physics with a compact 8 km footprint. This proposal is based on recent advances that increase the efficiency and operating gradient of a normal conducting accelerator. This technology also provides an $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider path to physics at multi-TeV energies. In this article, we describe our vision for this technology and the near-term R&D program needed to pursue it.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

C$^3$: A "Cool" Route to the Higgs Boson and Beyond

We present a proposal for a cold copper distributed coupling accelerator that can provide a rapid route to precision Higgs physics with a compact 8 km footprint. This proposal is based on recent advances that increase the efficiency and operating gradient of a normal conducting accelerator. This technology also provides an e + e - collider path to physics at multi-TeV energies. In this article, we describe our vision for this technology and the near-term R&D program needed to pursue it.

Caterina, Vernieri↗
DOE OSTI2021

Accelerator Real-time Edge AI for Distributed Systems (READS) (Proposal)

Over the last decade, Machine Learning (ML) technologies have slowly made their way into the accelerator community. Rapid advances in recent years in deep learning, particularly reinforcement learning for control system applications and the accessibility of deep learning in embedded hardware, have generated renewed interest and spawned a number of applications. The Fermilab Accelerator Complex, shown in Fig. 1, has provided High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments with proton beams for nearly fifty years. The current focus of the laboratory is its world-class experimental program at the intensity frontier. While increasing beam intensity certainly presents its own challenges, preserving beam size while minimizing beam losses – particles lost through interactions with the beam vacuum pipe – turns out to be, in many ways, the main challenge. The accelerator is controlled via a complex system of hundreds of thousands of devices. Enabling fine tuning and real-time optimization of their parameters using ML methods and stepping beyond experience-based reasoning of human operators are key to the success of future intensity upgrades. Our objective will be to integrate ML into accelerator operations and furthermore, provide an accessible framework, which can also be used by a broad range of other accelerator systems with dynamic tuning needs.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hydrogen wide area monitoring of LH2 releases

The characterization of liquid hydrogen (LH2) releases has been identified as an international research priority to expand the safe use of hydrogen as an energy carrier. The elucidation of LH2 release behavior will require the development of dispersion and other models, guided and validated by empirical field measurements such as those afforded by Hydrogen Wide Area Monitoring (HyWAM). HyWAM can be defined as the quantitative spatial and temporal three-dimensional monitoring of planned or unintentional hydrogen releases. With support provided through the FCH JU Prenormative Research for the Safe Use of Liquid Hydrogen (PRESLHY) program, HSE performed a series of LH2 releases to characterize the dispersion and pooling behavior of cold hydrogen releases. The NREL Sensor Laboratory developed a HyWAM system based upon a distributed array of point sensors that is amenable for profiling cold hydrogen plumes. The NREL Sensor Laboratory and HSE formally committed to collaborate on profiling the LH2 releases. This collaboration included the integration of the NREL HyWAM into the HSE LH2 release hardware. This was achieved through a deployment plan jointly developed by the NREL and HSE personnel. Under this plan, the NREL Sensor Laboratory provided multiple HyWAM modules that accommodated 32 sampling points for near-field hydrogen profiling during the HSE PRESLHY LH2 releases. The NREL HyWAM would be utilized throughout the LH2 release study performed under PRESLHY by HSE, including Work Package 3 (WP3—Release and Mixing--Rainout) and subsequent work packages (WP4—Ignition and WP5—Combustion). Under the auspices of the PRESLHY WP6 (Implementation), data and findings from the HSE LH2 Releases are to be made available to stakeholders in the hydrogen community. Comprehensive data analysis and dissemination is ongoing, but the integration of the NREL HyWAM into the HSE LH2 Release Apparatus and its performance as well as some key outcomes of the LH2 releases in WP3 are presented.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multiscale Experiments and Multiphysics Simulation of Multiphase Flow for Transportable Small Modular Reactors

A new type of safe, small, transportable nuclear reactor would address the intense and ever-growing global demand for energy produced via a resilient, carbon-free energy source. In this regard, transportable small modular reactors (SMRs) are being designed and developed for electricity generation within small/micro-grid/off-grid isolated systems, as well as for heat generation in industrial/residential applications. These reactors feature the capability to be fully factory fabricated and then directly transported to utilities’ sites as “plug-and-play” systems. Research and development (R&D) programs are underway at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to successfully design, develop, and demonstrate such safe-by-design mobile reactor technologies, in collaboration with partner organizations. Multiscale experimental facilities and multiphysics simulation tools are required for reactor design verification and validation (V&V), and licensing. These advanced reactors are intended to feature passive safety systems such as passive containment cooling systems (PCCS), which consist of multiphase flows and multispecies distributions. This seminar talk will focus on designing and analyzing transportable SMR PCCS by using multiscale experiments and multiphysics computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to support reactor licensing and safety. The corresponding research challenges are addressed via supportive verification and validation results generated by the models and simulation tools in combination with selective parametric and uncertainty analysis. This solution approach could blaze the trail for commercial adoption of such technologies. The facilities, simulation capabilities, and research opportunities available at INL in regard to such reactors and the integrated energy systems with which they go hand in hand are also discussed briefly, and may spark interest in deeper research as well as new collaborative projects.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Chapter 23: Combined Heat and Power Evaluation Protocol. The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures

The main focus of most evaluations is to determine the energy-savings impacts of the installed measure. This protocol defines a combined heat and power (CHP) measure as a system that sequentially generates both electrical energy and useful thermal energy from one fuel source at a host customer's facility or residence. This protocol is aimed primarily at regulators and administrators of ratepayer-funded CHP programs; however, project developers may find the protocol useful to understand how CHP projects are evaluated.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

EVSE DERMS Controls [SWR-26-010]

An MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) and OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol) based remote smart charging controller framework for AC Electric Vehicle Supply Equipments (EVSEs). The code in this repo allows for the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR) controls to interface with the real Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS) and EVSEs in NLR's ESIF Optimization and Control Laboratory (OCL). Different charge management algorithms can be tested to determine which power allocation method is most effective with the overall goal of demonstrating clear and well documented test results as well as providing functional control algorithms which could be utilized to provide effective smart charge management (SCM) at EV charging stations. Different power allocation methods are programmed in lab_demo_controller.py and include allocation based on first come first served, equal sharing, state of charge (SOC), priority factors, and behind the meter control methods.

Panossian, Nadia [National Laboratory of the Rocki↗
DOE OSTI2023

Can the United States Maintain Its Leadership in High-Performance Computing? - A report from the ASCAC Subcommittee on American Competitiveness and Innovation to the ASCR Office

The United States (U.S.) is no longer the unambiguous leader in the vitally important field of high performance computing (HPC). Japan, the European Union (EU), and China have fielded systems that are on par with our fastest supercomputers. The supply chain for everything from semiconductors to scientific software is globally distributed. Yet our economic future and security depend critically on our ability to innovate faster than our competitors, and the speed of innovation depends increasingly on large-scale computational science and engineering and thus HPC. How should the United States respond to this challenge? This report seeks to initiate a new and potentially transformative national discussion on this vital question. The Department of Energy’s (DOE) Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program is well-positioned to make informed, targeted decisions about where the United States should cooperate and where it should compete in the global market for scientific exploration and discovery. By setting its sights on problems critical to our nation and the world, by establishing productive new collaborations, and by making strategic investments, ASCR can restore and maintain U.S. scientific leadership in the critical areas described in this report while strengthening our research infrastructure and training a large, diverse cohort of scientists. In doing so, ASCR and its scientists will pave the way for a secure and prosperous future for America. For more than 30 years, the ASCR program has provided the HPC and networking capabilities and expertise needed to support DOE’s mission to advance the national, economic, and energy security of the United States. The program now faces the challenge of developing and deploying the next generation of HPC systems and technologies, as well as supporting the application of HPC and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to a wide range of scientific and engineering research problems. Through its research and development efforts, the ASCR program must also advance the state of the art in HPC and accelerate the pace of scientific discovery and technological innovation. Fulfilling this promise will require significantly increased investments, as well as innovative policies and programs. This subcommittee is aware that we are making recommendations and calls for action at a time when federal resources are limited. We understand that a wide range of competing priorities must be balanced by the nation’s leaders and that there is a need to leverage resources in new ways and seek efficiencies in facilities and operations. However, we must not let these realities limit our imagination or silence our advocacy. The ASCR program is a key part of the U.S. research infrastructure and an important component of economic growth and U.S. competitiveness. ASCR has a responsibility to pursue its mission, including advanced scientific computing, applications of AI technologies, and the required advanced research facilities, with determination and enthusiasm. To fulfill the scientific enterprise’s responsibility to the nation, the ASCR program must not only develop and publish a clear vision with an associated list of goals, priorities, and recommendations but also demonstrate scientific leadership by consistently securing long-term funding. This will allow the program to build on its achievements to date, to realize its ambitious vision, and to make lasting contributions to the field.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Lower-length-scale modeling of chemical additions, corrosion and fission products in select MSR base salts

Molten salts play a crucial role in advancing Generation IV nuclear energy technology, with chloride-based salts like NaCl-UCl 3 garnering significant attention due to their distinctive properties. However, the corrosive nature of molten salts causes the dissolution of chromium (Cr), leading to the formation of CrCl 2 and CrCl 3 species in molten chlorides. Moreover, the radioactive decay of nuclear fuel gives rise to fission products, including Cs, Sr, and I chlorides. The first part of this report presents a comprehensive study utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to investigate the properties of eutectic NaCl-UCl 3 molten salt in the presence of corrosion products (CrCl 2 and CrCl 3 ) and fission product (CsCl). The study focuses on essential structural and thermophysical properties such as density, mixing energy, coordination numbers (CN), and Radial Distribution Functions (RDF) of the salts with varying compositions of corrosion products and fission product, covering a range from 0% to 13.5%. The results offer valuable insights into the behavior of corrosion and fission products in uranium-based molten salts, providing essential data that can be used as input to the MTDB-TC and MSTDB-TP property databases being developed by the NEAMS program. Due to their favorable characteristics such as low melting points, high boiling points, and low costs, MgCl 2 +NaCl+KCl (MNK) eutectic salts have recently attracted attention as high-temperature heat transfer fluids. The incorporation of LiCl into MNK salts can further reduce their melting points and increase their specific heat capacities, which is de- sirable for high-temperature heat transfer applications. The second part of this report presents the development and validation of a new shell-model potential for the MgCl 2 +NaCl+KCl+LiCl system, which captures the polarization of Cl anions. The extensive comparison with experimental data and AIMD simulations demonstrates the accuracy and reliability of the potential. Furthermore, using this potential, we elucidate the intricate network structure in MNK eutectic salts that is formed through polyhedron sharing. This research contributes to a fundamental understanding of the atomic structures and thermophysical properties of multi-component molten salts, which is crucial for future development of heat transfer fluids for applications in molten salt reactors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

FINAL PROJECT REPORT SBIR Phase II Next Generation Power Converters for Distributed Wind Applications

Intergrid, LLC, based in Temple, New Hampshire, conducted an 24-month DOE SBIR Phase II research program to develop next-generation electronic power inverters and converters for the United States distributed wind (DW) market. The distributed wind segment is defined as turbines rated from 10 kW to 1 MW, a market segment that has been almost entirely blocked by the absence of UL1741-certified, commercially available inverters.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Risk-Averse Approach for Distribution Grid Expansion Planning

Recent episodes of natural disasters have challenged the resilience of power grids. Adequate distribution grid planning that properly captures the risk aversion of the utility system planner is a key factor to increase the flexibility of distribution networks to circumvent these events. In this paper, we propose a methodology to determine the optimal portfolio of investments in lines and storage devices in order to minimize a convex combination between expected value and CVaR of operational costs, including energy not served, while taking into account the multistage nature of the energy storage management within this context. While the expected value of energy not served has been traditionally employed to tackle routine failures, we also minimize the CVaR of energy not served to address high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events. We illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology with a 54-Bus system test case.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Typical occupancy profiles and behaviors in residential buildings in the United States

The energy performance of a residential building is highly dependent on occupant's presence or non-presence in a building and their interactions with energy-consuming appliances. Typical occupancy schedules for residential buildings must be defined for applications such as building energy modeling as well as for assessing energy savings associated with the use of occupancy sensing technologies and occupancy-dependent controls. Currently, commonly used simulation programs assume a typical occupancy schedule, however, there is significant opportunity for improvement to these schedules as this is generally based on engineering judgement. This research uses 12 years of the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data to develop typical occupancy schedules for a range of household types and occupant age ranges. This is compared to currently utilized residential occupancy schedules. In many cases the developed schedules exhibit similar patterns, however, differences are also found to be as high as 41% for certain periods of time. For occupancy sensing applications, the spatial-temporal distribution of occupants in residential buildings is also evaluated. These locations vary based on temporal factors as well as demographic factors such as age and number of occupants. Finally, the results of this research work towards improved occupancy schedule development can benefit both industry professionals and researchers.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗