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At least 847 records · Page 47

Surrogate-constructed scalable-circuits adaptive variational quantum eigensolver in the Schwinger model

Inspired by recent advancements in simulating periodic systems on quantum computers, we develop an approach to further advance the simulation of these systems, named (SC) 2 -ADAPT-VQE. Our approach extends the scalable-circuits ADAPT-VQE framework, which builds an ansatz from a pool of coordinate-invariant operators defined for arbitrarily large, though not arbitrarily small, volumes. Our method uses a classically tractable “surrogate constructed” method to remove irrelevant operators from the pool, reducing the minimum size for which the scalable circuits are defined. Bringing together the scalable circuits and the surrogate constructed approaches forms the core of the (SC) 2 methodology. Our approach allows for a wider set of classical computations on small volumes, which can be used for a more robust extrapolation protocol. While developed in the context of lattice models, the surrogate construction portion is applicable to a wide variety of problems where information about the relative importance of operators in the pool is available. As an example, we use it to compute the properties of the Schwinger model—quantum electrodynamics for a single, massive fermion in 1 +1 dimensions—and show that our method can be used to accurately extrapolate to the continuum limit.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Random magnetic field and the Dirac Fermi surface

In this paper, we study a single two-dimensional Dirac fermion at finite density, subject to a quenched random magnetic field. At low energies and sufficiently weak disorder, the theory maps onto an infinite collection of 1D chiral fermions (associated to each point on the Fermi surface) coupled by a random vector potential. This low-energy theory exhibits an exactly solvable random fixed line, along which we directly compute various disorder-averaged observables without the need for the usual replica, supersymmetry, or Keldysh techniques. We find the longitudinal dc conductivity in the collisionless $\hbar$ω/k B T→∞ limit to be nonuniversal and to vary continuously along the fixed line.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Quantum Monte Carlo Method in the Steady State

We present a numerically exact steady-state inchworm Monte Carlo method for nonequilibrium quantum impurity models. Rather than propagating an initial state to long times, the method is directly formulated in the steady state. This eliminates any need to traverse the transient dynamics and grants access to a much larger range of parameter regimes at vastly reduced computational costs. We benchmark the method on equilibrium Green’s functions of quantum dots in the noninteracting limit and in the unitary limit of the Kondo regime. We then consider correlated materials described with dynamical mean field theory and driven away from equilibrium by a bias voltage. We show that the response of a correlated material to a bias voltage differs qualitatively from the splitting of the Kondo resonance observed in bias-driven quantum dots.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are spatially-localized zero-energy fractional quasiparticles with non-Abelian braiding statistics that hold promise for topological quantum computing. Owing to the particle-antiparticle equivalence, MZMs reflect quantized conductance at low temperature. By utilizing variable-tunnel-coupled scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we study tunneling conductance of vortex bound states on FeTe 0.55 Se 0.45 superconductors. Here, we report observations of conductance plateaus as a function of tunnel coupling for zero-energy vortex bound states with values close to or even reaching the 2 e 2 / h quantum conductance (here e is the electron charge and h is Planck’s constant). In contrast, no plateaus were observed on either finite energy vortex bound states or in the continuum of electronic states outside the superconducting gap. This behavior of the zero-mode conductance confirms the existence of MZMs in FeTe 0.55 Se 0.45 .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Solvable theory of a strange metal at the breakdown of a heavy Fermi liquid

In this work, we introduce an effective theory for quantum critical points (QCPs) in heavy-fermion systems, involving a change in carrier density without symmetry breaking. Our theory captures a strongly coupled metallic QCP, leading to robust marginal Fermi-liquid transport phenomenology, and associated linear in temperature (T) "strange metal" resistivity, all within a controlled large-N limit. In the parameter regime of strong damping of emergent bosonic excitations, the QCP also displays a near-universal "Planckian" transport lifetime τ tr ~ℏ/(k B T). This is contrasted with the conventional so-called "slave boson" theory of the Kondo breakdown, where the large-N limit describes a weak coupling fixed point and nontrivial transport behavior may only be obtained through uncontrolled 1/N corrections. We also compute the weak-field Hall coefficient within the effective model as the system is tuned across the transition. We then find that, between the two plateaus reflecting the different carrier densities in the two Fermi-liquid phases, the Hall coefficient can develop a peak in the critical crossover regime, like in recent experimental findings, in the parameter regime of weak boson damping.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Magnonic band structure, complete bandgap, and collective spin wave excitation in nanoscale two-dimensional magnonic crystals

We present the observation of a complete bandgap and collective spin wave excitation in two-dimensional magnonic crystals comprised of arrays of nanoscale antidots and nanodots, respectively. Considering that the frequencies dealt with here fall in the microwave band, these findings can be used for the development of suitable magnonic metamaterials and spin wave based signal processing. We also present the application of a numerical procedure, to compute the dispersion relations of spin waves for any high symmetry direction in the first Brillouin zone. The results obtained from this procedure have been reproduced and verified by the well established plane wave method for an antidot lattice, when magnetization dynamics at antidot boundaries are pinned. The micromagnetic simulation based method can also be used to obtain iso–frequency contours of spin waves. Iso–frequency contours are analogous of the Fermi surfaces and hence, they have the potential to radicalize our understanding of spin wave dynamics. The physical origin of bands, partial and full magnonic bandgaps have been explained by plotting the spatial distribution of spin wave energy spectral density. Although, unfettered by rigid assumptions and approximations, which afflict most analytical methods used in the study of spin wave dynamics, micromagnetic simulations tend to be computationally demanding. Thus, the observation of collective spin wave excitation in the case of nanodot arrays, which can obviate the need to perform simulations, may also prove to be valuable.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Efficient numerical method for evaluating normal and anomalous time-domain equilibrium Green's functions in inhomogeneous systems

In this work we develop EPOCH (equilibrium propagator by orthogonal polynomial chain), a computationally efficient method to calculate the time-dependent equilibrium Green's functions, including the anomalous Green's functions of superconductors, to capture the time evolution in large inhomogeneous systems. The EPOCH method generalizes the Chebyshev wave-packet propagation method from quantum chemistry and efficiently incorporates the Fermi-Dirac statistics that is needed for equilibrium quantum condensed matter systems. The computational cost of EPOCH scales only linearly in the system degrees of freedom, generating an extremely efficient algorithm also for very large systems. We demonstrate the power of the EPOCH method by calculating the time evolution of an excitation near a superconductor–normal metal interface in two and three dimensions, capturing transmission as well as normal and Andreev reflections.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Variational Approach to Monte Carlo Renormalization Group

We present a Monte Carlo method for computing the renormalized coupling constants and the critical exponents within renormalization theory. The scheme, which derives from a variational principle, overcomes critical slowing down, by means of a bias potential that renders the coarse grained variables uncorrelated. Here, the two-dimensional Ising model is used to illustrate the method.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Atomistic Simulation of Interfaces in Materials of Solid State Ionics

The possibilities of describing correctly interfaces of different types in solids within a computer experiment using molecular statics simulation, molecular dynamics simulation, and quantum chemical calculations are discussed. Heterophase boundaries of various types, including grain boundaries and solid electrolyte‒solid electrolyte and ionic conductor‒electrode material interfaces, are considered. Specific microstructural features and mechanisms of the ion transport in real heterophase structures (cationic conductor‒metal anode and anionic conductor‒cathode) existing in solid state ionics devices (such as solid-state batteries and fuel cells) are discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Crystalline materials for quantum computing: Semiconductor heterostructures and topological insulators exemplars

Abstract High-purity crystalline solid-state materials play an essential role in various technologies for quantum information processing, from qubits based on spins to topological states. New and improved crystalline materials emerge each year and continue to drive new results in experimental quantum science. This article summarizes the opportunities for a selected class of crystalline materials for qubit technologies based on spins and topological states and the challenges associated with their fabrication. We start by describing semiconductor heterostructures for spin qubits in gate-defined quantum dots and benchmark GaAs, Si, and Ge, the three platforms that demonstrated two-qubit logic. We then examine novel topologically nontrivial materials and structures that might be incorporated into superconducting devices to create topological qubits. We review topological insulator thin films and move onto topological crystalline materials, such as PbSnTe, and its integration with Josephson junctions. We discuss advances in novel and specialized fabrication and characterization techniques to enable these. We conclude by identifying the most promising directions where advances in these material systems will enable progress in qubit technology.

Scappucci, G. (ORCID:0000000325120079)↗

Accuracy of the microcanonical Lanczos method to compute real-frequency dynamical spectral functions of quantum models at finite temperatures

We examine the accuracy of the microcanonical Lanczos method (MCLM) developed by Long et al. [Phys. Rev. B 68, 235106 (2003)] to compute dynamical spectral functions of interacting quantum models at finite temperatures. The MCLM is based on the microcanonical ensemble, which becomes exact in the thermodynamic limit. To apply the microcanonical ensemble at a fixed temperature, one has to find energy eigenstates with the energy eigenvalue corresponding to the internal energy in the canonical ensemble. Here in this paper, we propose to use thermal pure quantum state methods by Sugiura and Shimizu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 010401 (2013)] to obtain the internal energy. After obtaining the energy eigenstates using the Lanczos diagonalization method, dynamical quantities are computed via a continued fraction expansion, a standard procedure for Lanczos-based numerical methods. Using one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with S = 1/2, we demonstrate that the proposed procedure is reasonably accurate, even for relatively small systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Spin wave theory for 2D disordered hard-core bosons

A spin-wave (SW) approach for hard-core bosons is presented to treat the problem of two dimensional boson localization in a random potential. After a short review of the method to compute 1/S-corrected observables, the case of random on-site energy is discussed. Whereas the mean-field solution does not display a Bose glass (BG) phase, 1/S corrections do capture BG physics. In particular, the localization of SW excitations is discussed through the inverse participation ratio.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

SRF Levitation and Trapping of Nanoparticles

A proposal has been conceived to levitate and trap mesoscopic particles using radio frequency (RF) fields in a superconducting RF(SRF) cavity. Exploiting the intrinsic characteristics of an SRF cavity, this proposal aims at overcoming a major limit faced by state-of-the-art laser trapping techniques. The goal of the proposal is to establish a foundation to enable observation of quantum phenomena of an isolated mechanical oscillator interacting with microwave fields. An experiment supported by LDRD funding at JLab has started to address R&D issues relevant to these new research directions using existing SRF facilities at JLab. The success of this experiment would establish its groundbreaking relevance to quantum information science and technology, which may lead to applications in precision force measurement sensors, quantum memories, and alternative quantum computing implementations with promises for superior coherence characteristics and scalability well beyond the start-of-the-art. In this contribution, we will introduce the proposal and basic consideration of the experiment.

Geng, R. L.↗

SRF Levitation and Trapping of Nanoparticles

A proposal has been conceived to levitate and trap mesoscopic particles using radio frequency (RF) fields in a superconducting RF(SRF) cavity. Exploiting the intrinsic characteristics of an SRF cavity, this proposal aims at overcoming a major limit faced by state-of-the-art laser trapping techniques. The goal of the proposal is to establish a foundation to enable observation of quantum phenomena of an isolated mechanical oscillator interacting with microwave fields. An experiment supported by LDRD funding at JLab has started to address R&D issues relevant to these new research directions using existing SRF facilities at JLab. The success of this experiment would establish its groundbreaking relevance to quantum information science and technology, which may lead to applications in precision force measurement sensors, quantum memories, and alternative quantum computing implementations with promises for superior coherence characteristics and scalability well beyond the start-of-the-art. In this contribution, we will introduce the proposal and basic consideration of the experiment.

Geng, Rong-Li↗

Quantum coherence confined

Quantum coherence refers to the ability of a quantum state to maintain its entanglement and superposition in the face of interactions and the effects of thermalization. It is indispensable for quantum technologies — be they in sensing, transduction or computing — permitting them, in principle, to outperform their classical counterparts. To realize the promise of these technologies, one key challenge is to identify quantum states within systems that are quantum coherent. Now, writing in Nature Physics, Wen Lin Tan and collaborators report that they have used a system of trapped rare-earth-ion arrays to demonstrate a class of disorder-free quantum states that have enhanced coherence and experience anomalous patterns of thermalization1. Here, the pivotal notion behind their observations is the confinement of fundamental excitations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Berni Julian Alder, theoretical physicist and inventor of molecular dynamics, 1925–2020

Berni Julian Alder, one of the leading figures in the invention of molecular dynamics simulations used for a wide array of problems in physics and chemistry, died on September 7th, 2020. His career, spanning more than 65 years, transformed statistical mechanics, many body physics, the study of chemistry and the microscopic dynamics of fluids, by making atomistic computational simulation (in parallel with traditional theory and experiment) a new pathway to unexpected discoveries. Among his many honors, the CECAM prize, recognizing exceptional contributions to the simulation of the microscopic properties of matter is named for him. He was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Obama in 2008.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Hardness of Observing Strong-to-Weak Symmetry Breaking

Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is the cornerstone of our understanding of quantum phases of matter. Recent works have generalized this concept to the domain of mixed states in open quantum systems, where symmetries can be realized in two distinct ways dubbed strong and weak. Novel intrinsically mixed phases of quantum matter can then be defined by the spontaneous breaking of strong symmetry down to weak symmetry. However, proposed order parameters for strong-to-weak SSB (based on mixed-state fidelities or purities) seem to require exponentially many copies of the state, raising the question: Is it possible to efficiently detect strong-to-weak SSB, in general? In this work, we answer this question negatively in the paradigmatic cases of ℤ2 and U(1) symmetries. We construct ensembles of pseudorandom mixed states that do not break the strong symmetry yet are computationally indistinguishable from states that do. This rules out the existence of efficient state-agnostic protocols to detect strong-to-weak SSB.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Efficient frequency allocation for superconducting quantum processors using improved optimization techniques

Building on previous research on frequency allocation optimization for superconducting circuit quantum processors, this work incorporates several techniques to improve overall solution quality. Here, we introduce constraints and imposed edgewise differences help to improve the optimization results. We also introduce optimization variables for the orientation of each edge, defined as the direction from the control qubit to the target qubit, to be chosen during optimization. To scale up to larger processors, multimodule designs are employed with various boundary conditions, thereby enhancing the collective yield. These enhancements allow for greater flexibility in processor design by eliminating the need for handpicked orientations. We support the efficient assembly of large processors with dense connectivity by choosing the best boundary conditions. Examples demonstrate that, at low computational cost, this optimization approach finds a frequency configuration for a square chip with over 1000 qubits and over 10% yield at much larger dispersion levels than required by previous approaches.

Zhang, Zewen [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), A↗