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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Deer Isle and Stonington Energy Reliability Opportunities

The towns of Deer Isle and Stonington, located on the island of Deer Isle in Maine, partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Technology Innovation Partnership Project (ETIPP) to examine options to enhance energy resilience, reduce dependence on imported fuels, and mitigate high energy costs. With technical support from the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and regional partner the Island Institute, the project focused on evaluation of the local electricity distribution infrastructure, examination of ongoing activities to reduce the frequency of outages, review of the applicable policy and regulatory environment, and identification of potential on-site energy solutions. Key findings revealed the island's reliance on a single distribution line, and limited hosting capacity for additional distributed energy resources. Solar photovoltaics (PV) technology, with and without battery storage, was found to be the most viable technology given economic, technical, and social considerations. While also technically feasible, wind energy faces more difficult siting and less public acceptance compared to PV. Marine energy technologies were determined to be infeasible due to technology immaturity and lengthy permitting timelines. Modeling of potential building-scale PV plus storage systems resulted in successful grant applications for installations at two local facilities. Analysis of community scale energy generation and storage options resulted the local utility, Versant, submitting a grant application for a proposed community-scale battery storage system to increase grid resilience and hosting capacity. This initiative has strengthened the communities' energy planning capabilities and laid the groundwork for future clean energy development.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

McGrath Community Energy Planning

The City of McGrath, a remote Alaskan community reliant on diesel fuel, developed a Community Energy Plan through the Energy Technologies Innovation Partnership Project (ETIPP) to address high energy costs, infrastructure vulnerabilities, and long-term sustainability. Guided by community-led priorities and technical assistance from partners including NREL, REAP, and ANTHC, the plan identifies eight focus areas: distribution system upgrades, solar and battery integration, river energy potential, emergency backup power, housing efficiency, water system losses, independent power producer models, and targeted funding strategies. The plan combines local knowledge with technical analysis to chart a path toward a more resilient, affordable, and sustainable energy future for McGrath.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO 2 Injections

Climate modification by stratospheric SO 2 injections, to form sulfate aerosols, may alter the spectral and angular distributions of the solar ultraviolet and visible radiation that reach the Earth’s surface, with potential consequences to environmental photobiology and photochemistry. We used modeling results from the CESM1(WACCM) stratospheric aerosol geoengineering large ensemble (GLENS) project, following the RCP8.5 emission scenario, and one geoengineering experiment with SO 2 injections in the stratosphere, designed to keep surface temperatures at 2020 levels. Zonally and monthly averaged vertical profiles of O 3 , SO 2 , and sulfate aerosols, at 30 N and 70 N, served as input into a radiative transfer model, to compute biologically active irradiances for DNA damage ( i DNA ), UV index (UVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and two key tropospheric photodissociation coefficients ( j O1D for O 3 + hν (λ < 330 nm) → O( 1 D) + O 2 ; and j NO2 for NO 2 + hν (λ < 420 nm) → O( 3 P) + NO). We show that the geoengineering scenario is accompanied by substantial reductions in UV radiation. For example, comparing March 2080 to March 2020, i DNA decreased by 25% to 29% in the subtropics (30 N) and by 26% to 33% in the polar regions (70 N); UVI decreased by 19% to 20% at 30 N and 23% to 26% at 70 N; and j O1D decreased by 22% to 24% at 30 N and 35% to 40% at 70 N, with comparable contributions from sulfate scattering and stratospheric O 3 recovery. Different responses were found for processes that depend on longer UV and visible wavelengths, as these are minimally affected by ozone; PAR and j NO2 were only slightly lower (9–12%) at 30 N, but much lower at 70 N (35–40%). Similar reductions were estimated for other months (June, September, and December). Large increases in the PAR diffuse-direct ratio occurred in agreement with previous studies. Absorption by SO 2 gas had a small (~1%) effect on j O1D , i DNA , and UVI, and no effect on j NO2 and PAR.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Resilience in an Evolving Electrical Grid

Fundamental shifts in the structure and generation profile of electrical grids are occurring amidst increased demand for resilience. These two simultaneous trends create the need for new planning and operational practices for modern grids that account for the compounding uncertainties inherent in both resilience assessment and increasing contribution of variable inverter-based renewable energy sources. This work reviews the research work addressing the changing generation profile, state-of-the-art practices to address resilience, and research works at the intersection of these two topics in regards to electrical grids. The contribution of this work is to highlight the ongoing research in power system resilience and integration of variable inverter-based renewable energy sources in electrical grids, and to identify areas of current and further study at this intersection. Areas of research identified at this intersection include cyber-physical analysis of solar, wind, and distributed energy resources, microgrids, network evolution and observability, substation automation and self-healing, and probabilistic planning and operation methods.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

The Binary Fraction of Stars in the Dwarf Galaxy Ursa Minor via Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

We utilize multi-epoch line-of-sight velocity measurements from the Milky Way Survey of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument to estimate the binary fraction for member stars in the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Ursa Minor. Our dataset comprises 670 distinct member stars, with a total of more than 2,000 observations collected over approximately one year. We constrain the binary fraction for UMi to be $0.61^{+0.16}_{-0.20}$ and $0.69^{+0.19}_{-0.17}$, with the binary orbital parameter distributions based on solar neighborhood observation from Duquennoy & Mayor (1991) and Moe & Di Stefano (2017), respectively. Furthermore, by dividing our data into two subsamples at the median metallicity, we identify that the binary fraction for the metal-rich ([Fe/H]>-2.14) population is slightly higher than that of the metal-poor ([Fe/H]<-2.14) population. Based on the Moe & Di Stefano model, the best-constrained binary fractions for metal-rich and metal-poor populations in UMi are $0.86^{+0.14}_{-0.24}$ and $0.48^{+0.26}_{-0.19}$, respectively. After a thorough examination, we find that this offset cannot be attributed to sample selection effects. We also divide our data into two subsamples according to their projected radius to the center of UMi, and find that the more centrally concentrated population in a denser environment has a lower binary fraction of $0.33^{+0.30}_{-0.20}$, compared with $1.00^{+0.00}_{-0.32}$ for the subsample in more outskirts.

Qiu, Tian [Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (China); DESI ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Comparison of aircraft measurements during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

The indirect effect of atmospheric aerosol particles on the Earth's radiation balance remains one of the most uncertain components affecting climate change throughout the industrial period. The large uncertainty is partly due to the incomplete understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions. One objective of the GoAmazon2014/5 and the ACRIDICON (Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems)-CHUVA (Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil) projects was to understand the influence of emissions from the tropical megacity of Manaus (Brazil) on the surrounding atmospheric environment of the rainforest and to investigate its role in the life cycle of convective clouds. During one of the intensive observation periods (IOPs) in the dry season from 1 September to 10 October 2014, comprehensive measurements of trace gases and aerosol properties were carried out at several ground sites. In a coordinated way, the advanced suites of sophisticated in situ instruments were deployed aboard both the US Department of Energy Gulfstream-1 (G1) aircraft and the German High Altitude and Long-Range Research Aircraft (HALO) during three coordinated flights on 9 and 21 September and 1 October. Here, we report on the comparison of measurements collected by the two aircraft during these three flights. Such comparisons are challenging but essential for assessing the data quality from the individual platforms and quantifying their uncertainty sources. Similar instruments mounted on the G1 and HALO collected vertical profile measurements of aerosol particle number concentrations and size distribution, cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, ozone and carbon monoxide mixing ratios, cloud droplet size distributions, and downward solar irradiance. We find that the above measurements from the two aircraft agreed within the measurement uncertainties. The relative fraction of the aerosol chemical composition measured by instruments on HALO agreed with the corresponding G1 data, although the total mass loadings only have a good agreement at high altitudes. Furthermore, possible causes of the discrepancies between measurements on the G1 and HALO are examined in this paper. Based on these results, criteria for meaningful aircraft measurement comparisons are discussed.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1972

Spatial distribution of energetic plasma sheet electrons.

The spatial distribution of energetic plasma sheet electrons (E greater than 50 keV) out to a radial distance of 24 earth radii using data from electron spectrometer and fluxgate magnetometer experiments on Ogo 5 is presented. A comparison of distributions in geocentric solar magnetospheric coordinates (GSM) prepared with and without the use of a neutral sheet model indicates that the use of such a model facilitates organization of plasma sheet data. The percentage of flux occurrence above a given flux threshold falls off rapidly with distance from the neutral sheet. Contours of constant percentage of occurrence diverge slightly from the neutral sheet at local times away from midnight. This effect decreases with increasing flux threshold.

Walker, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Extraterrestrial organic analysis.

Brief review of relevant information on the composition of stars, interstellar matter, and individual bodies of the solar system. An attempt is made to answer fundamental questions of organic cosmochemistry - namely, the nature of the organic and related molecules present in our Galaxy and solar system, the distribution of these molecules in different parts of the two systems, the mechanism of formation of these molecules, and the relation between these molecules and prebiological chemical evolution on the one hand, and terrestrial and, possibly, extraterrestrial biology, on the other. Detailed studies are made of the formation and chemical behavior of the organogenic elements in stars, interstellar matter, comets, meteorites, carbonaceous chondrites, and the terrestrial and Jovian planets.

Oro, J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Radiation effects in soils from five lunar missions.

Optical and high-voltage electron microscopy were used to study radiation-produced defects. There is no systematic decrease in solar flare track distributions in lunar fines even to a depth of 2.5 m. The soil gradually accumulates in thickness; stirring by impacts is usually on a small scale. The accumulation rate at Luna 16 site is far lower than at the Apollo sites; the mean track density in micron-size grains there exceeds one trillion per sq cm; more than 90% of those grains are metamict; the Luna 16 site is at high longitude where electrostatic charging and transport of soil by geomagnetic tail electrons are minimal. A large fraction of soil grains on sloping ground have been isotropically irradiated, suggesting a tumbling downhill motion.-

Phakey, P. P.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Hydrogen and fluorine in the surfaces of lunar samples

The resonant nuclear reaction F-19 (p, alpha gamma)0-16 has been used to perform depth sensitive analyses for both fluorine and hydrogen in lunar samples. The resonance at 0.83 MeV (center-of-mass) in this reaction has been applied to the measurement of the distribution of trapped solar protons in lunar samples to depths of about 1/2 micrometer. These results are interpreted in terms of terrestrial H2O surface contamination and a redistribution of the implanted solar H which has been influenced by heavy radiation damage in the surface region. Results are also presented for an experiment to test the penetration of H2O into laboratory glass samples which have been irradiated with 0-16 to simulate the radiation damaged surfaces of lunar glasses. Fluorine determinations have been performed in a 1 pm surface layer on lunar samples using the same F-19 alpha gamma)0-16 resonance. The data are discussed from the standpoint of lunar fluorine and Teflon contamination.

Leich, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Stellar model chromospheres. II - Procyon /F5 IV-V/

Derivation of a model for the chromosphere and upper photosphere of Procyon (F5 IV-V) based on calibrated observations of the K and 8542-A lines of Ca II, the k(2796-A) line of Mg II, and the K-line wings. The feasibility of this model synthesis approach to derive a preliminary model chromosphere is demonstrated despite the lack of spatial and spectral resolution associated with solar chromospheric studies. The proposed upper photosphere model is very similar to the radiative equilibrium Procyon model of Strom and Kurucz (1966), while the proposed chromospheric model is similar to the quiet solar chromosphere temperature distribution of Shine (1973) in the 6000 to 8000 K range.

Ayres, T. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Hydrogen and fluorine in the surfaces of lunar samples

The resonant nuclear reaction F-19(p, alpha gamma)O-16 has been used to perform depth-sensitive analyses for both fluorine and hydrogen in lunar samples. The resonance at 0.83 MeV (center-of-mass) in this reaction has been applied to the measurement of the distribution of trapped solar protons in lunar samples to depths up to 0.45 microns. These results are interpreted in terms of terrestrial H2O surface contamination and of a redistribution of the implanted solar H which has been influenced by heavy radiation damage in the surface region. Results are also presented for an experiment to test the penetration of H2O into laboratory glass samples which have been irradiated with O-16 to simulate the radiation-damaged surfaces of lunar glasses. Fluorine determinations have been performed in a 1-micron surface layer on lunar samples using the same F-19(p, alpha gamma)O-16 resonance. The data are discussed from the standpoint that observed fluorine concentrations are a mixture of true lunar fluorine and Teflon contamination.

Leich, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Pioneer 9 and Pioneer 10 observations of the solar wind associated with the August 1972 events

Observations are presented of the changes in the solar wind proton parameters at 0.8 and 2.2 AU as a result of the solar flares in August 1972. These observations were obtained by the NASA Ames Research Center solar wind plasma analyzer experiments on Pioneer 9 and Pioneer 10. High time resolution measurements are presented of the solar wind proton speed associated with the arrival of the interplanetary shocks at Pioneer 9 and Pioneer 10. For these events, differential ion energy per unit charge spectra are shown which indicate the changes in the solar wind ion distribution function associated with the arrival of each of the interplanetary shocks. Four fast shocks are identified at Pioneer 9, and it is found that previously the time of arrival of the first interplanetary shock at Pioneer 9 was not correctly identified. Two fast shocks and one reverse shock are identified at Pioneer 10.

Intriligator, D. S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Recent advances in redox flow cell storage systems

Several features which were conceived and incorporated into complete redox systems that greatly enhanced its ability to be kept in proper charge balance, to be capable of internal voltage regulation, and in general be treated as a true multicell electrochemical system rather than an assembly of single cells that were wired together, were discussed. The technology status as it relates to the two application areas of solar photovoltaic/wind and distributed energy storage for electric utility applications was addressed. The cost and life advantages of redox systems were also covered.

Thaller, L. H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Satellite power systems (SPS) concept definition study. Volume 2, part 1: System engineering

Top level trade studies are presented, including comparison of solid state and klystron concepts, higher concentration on the solar cells, composite and aluminum structure, and several variations to the reference concept. Detailed trade studies are presented in each of the subsystem areas (solar array, power distribution, structures, thermal control, attitude control and stationkeeping, microwave transmission, and ground receiving station). A description of the selected point design is also presented.

Hanley, G. M.↗