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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Elastoplastic notch root strains - Measurements versus finite-element predictions

A study intended to experimentally and computationally probe the nature of the elastoplastic strain fields created by notches with various levels of constraint is presented. An interferometric strain/displacement gage is used to measure both the axial and lateral strain at the center of a machined and polished notch. The monotonic response of various notches is determined using 3D finite-element calculations.

Tregoning, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Development and verification of methods for predicting flow rates through leaks in valves and couplings

A survey of techniques for predicting the mass flow rate of fluid through a slender passage that might represent a scratch in a seal in a valve or coupling is presented. A typical seal in such an installation consists of a plastic gasket clamped between polished metal surfaces. The cross sectional shape of such a leak passage may vary slowly along the passage and one is led to examine the model of fully developed laminar flow through a pipe of noncircular cross section.

Russell, John M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

X-ray detector physics and applications; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 23, 24, 1992

Recent developments in X-ray and hard X-ray imaging detector, high-intensity sources, hard X-ray imaging optics, calibration, and detection technologies are discussed. Particular attention is given to a high-MTF X-ray image intensifier, application of monolithic CdZnTe linear solid state ionization detectors for X-ray imaging, magnetic response of high-Tc superconductors to X-ray radiation and detection of X-rays, laboratory soft X-ray source with foil target, detection of explosive materials using nuclear radiation, energy response of astronomical CCD X-ray detectors, calibration techniques for high-flux X-ray detectors, fabrication of grazing-incidence optics using flow-polishing techniques, and numerical simulations for capillary-based X-ray optics. (No individual items are abstracted in this volume)

Hoover, Richard B.↗
NASA NTRS1991

High Tc bolometer developments for planetary missions

A simple polishing technique was developed for thinning the LaAlO3 substrates for high-quality Tc bolometer films, and thus reducing their heat capacity. A 150-ms bolometer was made on a LaAlO3 substrate with a 5-Hz D* value of 1.5 x 10 exp 8. It is shown that passive temperature stabilization is adequate for operation at the transition. There remained excess noise at the transition, but this noise appears to be of nonbolometric origin.

Brasunas, J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

The X-ray reflectivity of the AXAF VETA-I optics

The study measures the X-ray reflectivity of the AXAF VETA-I optic and compares it with theoretical predictions. Measurements made at energies of 0.28, 0.9, 1.5, 2.1, and 2.3 keV are compared with predictions based on ray trace calculations. Results on the variation of the reflectivity with energy as well as the absolute value of the reflectivity are presented. A synchrotron reflectivity measurement with a high-energy resolution over the range 0.26 to 1.8 keV on a flat Zerodur sample is also reported. Evidence is found for contamination of the flat by a thin layer of carbon on the surface, and the possibility of alteration of the surface composition of the VETA-I mirror, perhaps by the polishing technique. The overall agreement between the measured and calculated effective area of VETA-I is between 2.6 and 10 percent. Measurements at individual energies deviate from the best-fitting calculation to 0.3 to 0.8 percent, averaging 0.6 percent at energies below the high energy cutoff of the mirror reflectivity, and are as high as 20.7 percent at the cutoff.

Kellogg, E.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Design and fabrication of the All-Reflecting H-Lyman-alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter

We have designed, analyzed, and are now fabricating an All-Reflecting H-Lyman-alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter for solar research. This new instrument operates in a narrow bandpass centered at 215.7 A - the neutral hydrogen Ly-alpha line. It is shorter and faster than the telescope which produced solar Ly-alpha images as a part of the MSSTA payload that was launched on May 13, 1991. The Ly-alpha line is produced and linearly polarized in the solar corona by resonance scattering, and the presence of a magnetic field modifies this polarization according to the Hanle effect. The Lyman-alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter instrument has been designed to measure coronal magnetic fields by interpreting, via the Hanle effect, the measured linear polarization of the coronal Ly-alpha line. Ultrasmooth mirrors, polarizers, and filters are being flow-polished for this instrument from CVD silicon carbide substrates. These optical components will be coated using advanced induced transmission and absorption thin film multilayer coatings to optimize the reflectivity and polarization properties at 1215.7 A. We describe some of the solar imaging results obtained with the MSSTA Lyman-alpha coronagraph. We also discuss the optical design parameters and fabrication plans for the All-Reflecting H-Lyman-alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter.

Hoover, Richard B.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Imaging Schwarzschild multilayer X-ray microscope

We have designed, analyzed, fabricated, and tested Schwarzschild multilayer X-ray microscopes. These instruments use flow-polished Zerodur mirror substrates which have been coated with multilayers optimized for maximum reflectivity at normal incidence at 135 A. They are being developed as prototypes for the Water Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope. Ultrasmooth mirror sets of hemlite grade sapphire have been fabricated and they are now being coated with multilayers to reflect soft X-rays at 38 A, within the biologically important 'water window'. In this paper, we discuss the fabrication of the microscope optics and structural components as well as the mounting of the optics and assembly of the microscopes. We also describe the optical alignment, interferometric and visible light testing of the microscopes, present interferometrically measured performance data, and provide the first results of optical imaging tests.

Hoover, Richard B.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft water system - Three year results

Two simulated spacecraft water systems are being used to evaluate the effectiveness of iodine for controlling microbial contamination within such systems. An iodine concentration of about 2.0 mg/L is maintained in one system by passing ultrapure water through an iodinated ion exchange resin. Stainless steel coupons with electropolished and mechanically-polished sides are being used to monitor biofilm formation. Results after three years of operation show a single episode of significant bacterial growth in the iodinated system when the iodine level dropped to 1.9 mg/L. This growth was apparently controlled by replacing the iodinated ion exchange resin, thereby increasing the iodine level. The second batch of resin has remained effective in controlling microbial growth down to an iodine level of 1.0 mg/L. SEM indicates that the iodine has impeded but may have not completely eliminated the formation of biofilm. Metals analyses reveal some corrosion in the iodinated system after 3 years of continuous exposure. Significant microbial contamination has been present continuously in a parallel noniodinated system since the third week of operation.

Schultz, John R.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Use of sorption technology for treatment of humidity condensate for potable water

This research focused on the testing of the original potable water processor aboard Space Station Freedom that was to produce potable water from the humidity condensate and additional water generated by carbon dioxide reduction. Humidity condensate was simulated by an influent water model 'Ersatz'. The humidity condensate was treated with multifiltration (MF) beds that consisted of a train of sorption beds (referred to as 'Unibed') designed to remove specific contaminants. For the complete simulated MF system runs tested for 100 bed volumes (BV) (volume processed/total column volume), 0.6 percent of the TOC was removed by the SAC/IRN 77 (Strong Acid Cation exchange resin), 39.6 percent of the total organic carbon (TOC) was removed by the WBA/IRA 68 (Weak Base Anion exchange resin), 13.2 percent of the TOC was removed by activated carbon adsorption (580-26), and the remaining sorbent media acted as polishing units to remove an additional 1.6 percent of the TOC at steady state. At steady state, 45 percent of the influent TOC passed through the MF bed.

Ajjarapu, Sundara R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Continued improvment of large area, in situ sputter deposition of superconducting YBCO thin films

The deposition of thin films of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x onto substrates of up to 3-in diameter by an integrated off-axis sputtering is reported. The substrate is located above the center of an 8-in-diameter YBCO planar target, and, in conjunction with a negative ion shield, negative ion effects are avoided. A large radiant heater provides backside, noncontact heating of the bare substrates. YBCO films have been grown on polished 1-cm2 MgO and LaAlO3 substrates with Tc = 90 K or greater, Jc = 2.5 x 10 exp 6 A/sq cm or greater at 77 K, and microwave surface resistance Rs less than 0.4 micro-ohm at 77 K and 10 GHz. The films have a very smooth surface morphology. Uniformity data for LaAlO3 substrates are less than +/-5 percent in Rs. Thickness uniformity results for 3-in substrates indicate less than 10 percent variation. The growth of epitaxial insulating films for use with YBCO films and application of the YBCO films in microwave devices are briefly discussed.

Truman, J. K.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Effect of environment on fracture toughness of 96 wt pct alumina

An effort is made to deepen understanding of environmental effects on the fracture toughness of an alumina composition that contains a residual glassy phase, by ascertaining the fracture toughness under atmospheric conditions in such varied environments as air distilled water, silicone oil, and liquid nitrogen. Fracture toughness was determined via the single-edge-precracked beam technique. Weibull strength parameters are compared for polished specimens tested both in air and silicone environments.

Choi, Sung R.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Fiber optic and laser sensors X; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Sept. 8-11, 1992

Topics addressed include acoustic and pressure sensors; fiber optic gyros; electric and magnetic field sensors; bend, strain, and temperature sensors; industrial applications of sensors; and processing techniques. Particular attention is given to fiber optic interferometric acoustic sensors for wind tunnel applications, polished coupler and resonator fabrication, second-harmonic detection for rotation sensing in fiber optic gyros, simplified control theory in closed-loop fiber optic gyroscopes, and a Fabry-Perot sensor with digital signal processing for the measurement of magnetostriction. Also discussed are a Bragg fiber laser sensor, commercialization of fiber optic strain gauge systems, thermal ignition in hazardous environments due to stray light from optical fibers, a system for absolute measurements by interferometric sensors, and high-performance interferometric demodulation techniques.

Udd, Eric↗
NASA NTRS1933

The Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoils as Affected by Surface Roughness

The effect on airfoil characteristics of surface roughness of varying degrees and types at different locations on an airfoil was investigated at high values of the Reynolds number in a variable density wind tunnel. Tests were made on a number of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0012 airfoil models on which the nature of the surface was varied from a rough to a very smooth finish. The effect on the airfoil characteristics of varying the location of a rough area in the region of the leading edge was also investigated. Airfoils with surfaces simulating lap joints were also tested. Measurable adverse effects were found to be caused by small irregularities in airfoil surfaces which might ordinarily be overlooked. The flow is sensitive to small irregularities of approximately 0.0002c in depth near the leading edge. The tests made on the surfaces simulating lap joints indicated that such surfaces cause small adverse effects. Additional data from earlier tests of another symmetrical airfoil are also included to indicate the variation of the maximum lift coefficient with the Reynolds number for an airfoil with a polished surface and with a very rough one.

HOCKER RAY W↗
NASA NTRS1951

Effect of Blade-surface Finish on Performance of a Single-stage Axial-flow Compressor

A set of modified NACA 5509-34 rotor and stator blades was investigated with rough-machine, hand-filed, and highly polished surface finishes over a range of weight flows at six equivalent tip speeds from 672 to 1092 feet per second to determine the effect of blade-surface finish on the performance of a single-stage axial-flow compressor. Surface-finish effects decreased with increasing compressor speed and with decreasing flow at a given speed. In general, finishing blade surfaces below the roughness that may be considered aerodynamically smooth on the basis of an admissible-roughness formula will have no effect on compressor performance.

COMPRESSORS - AXIAL FLOW↗
NASA NTRS1925

European commercial aeronautics

During the months of June to September, 1924, I personally visited the principal airports of Europe and traveled as a passenger some 6500 air miles on English, French, Romanian, Polish, German and Dutch air lines in order to investigate the development of commercial aviation abroad. The results of the investigation are embodied in a series of reports, of which a summary of the general findings is given below.

Van Zandt, J Parker↗
NASA NTRS1955

Boundary-layer Transition at High Reynolds Numbers as Obtained in Flight of a 20 Degree Cone-cylinder with Wall to Local Stream Temperature Ratios near 1.0

Boundary-layer transition data at low ratios of wall to local stream temperature have been obtained during the free flight of a highly polished cone-cylinder to a maximum Mach number of 5.02 A maximum transition Reynolds number of 32 x 10(exp 6) occurred at a distance of 25.84 inches from the cone apex. The temperature ratio at transition for a local Mach number of 4.0 was approximately 1.30 as compared with theoretical infinite stability solutions of 1.47 and 1.65 by Dunn and Lin (three-dimensional) and Van Driest (two-dimensional), respectively.

Rabb, Leaonard↗
NASA NTRS1956

Observation of Laminar Flow on a Blunted 15 Degree Cone-cylinder in Free Flight at High Reynolds Numbers and Free-stream Mach Numbers to 8.17

A highly polished 15 degree included-angle cone-cylinder with hemispherical tip has been flown to obtain boundary-layer transition and heat-transfer data. The model was launched from a carrier plane at an altitude of 47,500 feet. Laminar flow existed at a Reynolds number greater than 38.5 x 10(exp) 6 on the cylinder when the model was at the peak free-stream Mach number of 8.17. The results indicate an appreciable and favorable effect of tip bluntness in raising the allowable skin temperature for a given boundary-layer transition Reynolds number.

Disher, John H↗
NASA NTRS1954

Axial-Load Fatigue Properties of 24S-T and 75S-T Aluminum Alloy as Determined in Several Laboratories

In the initial phase of a NACA program on fatigue research, axial-load tests on 24S-T3 and 75S-T6 aluminum-alloy sheet have been made at the Battelle Memorial Institute and at the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The test specimens were polished and unnotched. The manufacturer of the material, the Aluminum Company of America, has made axial-load tests on 24S-T4 and 75S-T6 rod material. The test techniques used at the three laboratories are described in detail; the test results are presented and are compared with each other and with results obtained on unpolished sheet by the National Bureau of Standards. (author)

Grover, H J↗