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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Final Project Report: Composition and Realization of Source-to-Sink High-Performance Flows: File Systems, Storage, Hosts, LAN and WAN

A number of Department of Energy (DOE) science applications, involving exascale computing systems and large experimental facilities, are expected to generate large volumes of data, in the range of petabytes to exabytes, which will be transported over wide-area networks for the purpose of storage, visualization, and analysis. The objectives of this proposal are to (1) develop and test the component technologies and their synthesis methods to achieve source-to-sink high-performance flows, and (2) develop tools that provide these capabilities through simple interfaces to users and applications. In terms of the former, we propose to develop (1) optimization methods that align and transition multiple storage flows to multiple network flows on multicore, multibus hosts; and (2) edge and long-haul network path realization and maintenance using advanced provisioning methods including OSCARS and OpenFlow. We also propose synthesis methods that combine these individual technologies to compose high-performance flows using a collection of constituent storage-network flows, and realize them across the storage and local network connections as well as long-haul connections. We propose to develop automated user tools that profile the hosts, storage systems, and network connections; compose the source-to-sink complex flows; and set up and maintain the needed network connections.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Resource Aware Intelligent Network Services (RAINS) Final Technical Report

The Resource Aware Intelligent Network Services (RAINS) project conducted research and developed technologies in the area of cyber infrastructure resource modeling and computation. The goal of this work was to provide a foundation to enable intelligent, software defined services which spanned the network AND the resources which connect to the network. A Multi-Resource Service Plane (MRSP) was defined, which allows resource owners/managers to locate and place themselves from a topology and service availability perspective within the dynamic networked cyberinfrastructure ecosystem. The MRSP enables the presentation of integrated topology views and computation results which can include resources across the spectrum of compute, storage, and networks. The RAINS project developed MSRP includes the following key components: i) Multi-Resource Service (MRS) Ontology/Multi-Resource Markup Language (MRML), ii) Resource Computation Engine (RCE), iii) Modular Driver Framework (to allow integration of a variety of external resources). The MRS/MRML is a general and extensible modeling framework that allows for resource owners to model, or describe, a wide variety of resource types. All resources are described using three categories of elements: Resources, Services, and Relationships between the elements. This modeling framework defines a common method for the transformation of cyber infrastructure resources into data in the form of MRML models. In order to realize this infrastructure datification, the RAINS project developed a model based computation system, i.e. “RAINS Computation Engine (RCE)”. The RCE has the ability to ingest, process, integrate, and compute based on automatically generated MRML models. The RCE interacts with the resources thru system drivers which are specific to the type of external network or resource controller. The RAINS project developed a modular and pluggable driver system which facilities a variety of resource controllers to automatically generate, maintain, and distribute MRML based resource descriptions. Once all of the resource topologies are absorbed by the RCE, a connected graph of the full distributed system topology is constructed, which forms the basis for computation and workflow processing. The RCE includes a Modular Computation Element (MCE) framework which allows for tailoring of the computation process to the specific set of resources under control, and the services desired. The input and output of an MCE are both model data based on MRS/MRML ontology and schema. Some of the RAINS project accomplishments include: Development of general and extensible multi-resource modeling framework; Design of a Resource Computation Engine (RCE) system which includes the following key capabilities; Absorb a variety of multi-resource model types and build integrated models; Novel architecture which uses model based communications across the full stack for all Flexible provision of abstract or intent based user facing interfaces; Workflow processing based on model descriptions; Release of the RCE as an open source software; Deployment of RCE in the University of Maryland/Mid-Atlantic Crossroad ScienceDMZ in prototype mode with a plan under way to transition to production; Deployment at the Argonne National Laboratory DTN Facility in prototype mode; Selection of RCE by the DOE SENSE (SDN for End-to-end Networked Science at the Exascale) project as the basis for their orchestration service.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

User's Guide for RESRAD-ONSITE Code

The RESRAD-ONSITE code is equipped with a user-friendly interface that has many features to facilitate its use and comprehension. The design of the interface provides various navigation options, including entering data, performing calculations, and displaying the results of the calculations. General and context-specific help are available, offering information on editing and viewing the radionuclide database, the definitions of input parameters and their use in the calculations, and the selection and output of the results of the calculations into other applications. Two types of sensitivity analysis are supported by the code, deterministic and probabilistic, which can be used to study the influence of input parameters on the calculated results.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Enhanced Analytical Simulation Tool (EASiTool) for CO 2 Storage Capacity Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification

An enhanced analytical simulation tool (EASiTool) was developed to estimate CO 2 storage capacity in saline aquifers. The tool provides a quantitative estimate of storage capacity for multi-well injection/extraction systems by applying novel analytical models for both closed- and open-boundary saline aquifers and analyzes the potential of enhancing storage efficiency by integrating active brine management (brine extraction technology). Brine extraction would enhance the storage capacity and partially control the pressure buildup. EASiTool includes a user-friendly interface and can be used to provide reservoir and basin-scale storage capacity estimates.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Report for 2.2.1 Task 1: Support of Operator in the Loop Studies to be Conducted in the HSSL

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has contracted IFE to support human factors research to understand how to perform control room modernizations in a manner that maintains or improves human and overall system performance. The US Nuclear industry and in particular several utilities are currently moving forward with a Main Control Room (MCR) modernization projects or future projects to replace current analogue systems with digital. The focus of the current project was to look at different interface platforms and different ways to present information to the interface end user, the plant operator. IFE’s focus was to develop digital soft controls HSI for the Generic Pressurized Water Reactor (gPWR) and a Larger Screen Display (LSD) to support the Control Room Operators. The IFE Advanced Control Room is a combination of the digital soft controls HSI and the LSD that provides a unique opportunity for testing in the HSSL at Idaho National Laboratory.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2021

EMPIRE-3.2 Nuclear reaction code system [Slides]

The presentation discusses the scope of EMPIRE, EMPIRE's convenience, the EMPIRE-3.2 (Malta) Nuclear Reaction Model Code, reaction models, and what is needed to improve EMPIRE's predictive power.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Energy Characterization of the UMD Electron Accelerator

Multiple different groups at Los Alamos National Laboratory have a cited interest in understanding the effects of ionizing radiation in materials. Of especial interest to the ISR division is understanding the effects in materials that are used in the space environment, where radiation is omnipresent and impossible to fully shield from. Development is under way to simulate the effects of radiation damage in detectors and electronics, primarily with particle transport codes such as Geant4 and RAMPART, a code that provides a user friendly interface to Geant4. However, these simulations need benchmarking to experimental tests, some of which have been performed at a variety of small electron accelerator facilities. One of these facilities is the Linear Electron Accelerator at the University of Maryland Radiation Facilities. This facility can provide electron beams on the order of 100 mA delivered in tight macropulse bunches, which allows for experiments where the behavior of electronics is monitored as a function of pulse number. While the beam rates per macropulse of this accelerator is monitored during an experiment via a current pick-off connected to a large graphite beamstop, the energy distribution of this electron beam is not measured during the experiment and has not been well characterized. The energy distribution of the beam is pertinent for these types of experiments, since dose is directly related to energy deposited in a medium. Further, these experiments are performed in open air and sample placement in the room can dictate what dose rate they receive per macropulse. We have created simulated dosemaps for the UMD vault room, but these simulations assume a given energy of the beam, both for calculating the dose and to simulate how much the beam diverges in the air. There have been two attempts now to characterize this accelerator beam energy with a plate type spectrometer, including the most recent experiment earlier this year to quantify the beam energy distribution. These results will also be compared to a dosimetry experiment performed by collaborators at the UMD facility, the details of which are described in Reference. Understanding the electron beam energy is important for future experiments, because the energy directly impacts the dose and radiation damage given to a sample and is important for properly simulating the electron beam when comparing simulation to experiment.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhancing the Functionality of a Hollow Scaffold Solid State Bioreactor via Computer Aided Design Optimization

The concern over greenhouse gases, methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), is increasing rapidly. There have been strides to find solutions to this global issue but there is not a clear path to a successful end goal. The concentration of CH 4 and CO 2 in the atmosphere has increased significantly over the last 60 years, methane is a great source of concern due to its ability to trap a high amount of heat in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases contribute to global warming which has caused changes in the environment, including the melting of ice caps, and altered weather patterns. Solutions for these pressing challenges have led to different avenues of methane mitigation one of which is the development of solid-state bioreactors. These reactors harness the power of biological species that have evolved to use methane as an energy source. The development and optimization of Hollow Scaffold Solid State Bioreactors (HS-SSBR) has become readily available due to the advancements in additive manufacturing technology and accessibility of computer aided design (CAD) software. With laboratory scale experiments, time and effort are of great importance. Enhancing the design of the HS-SSBR to create a more user-friendly interface, but also increase the functionality of the reactor. The reactor's design improvements focus on better dispersion of methane and circulation of media.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Machine-Learning-Based Mapping and Modeling of Solar Energy with Ultra-High Spatiotemporal Granularity

Despite the rapid growth of solar energy, we still lack a dynamic, high-fidelity database that tracks the spatiotemporal variations of solar PVs and their associated infrastructures across different places at a spatially resolved scale. The absence of such data presents a barrier to various applications such as solar PV growth projection, solar energy integration, solar incentive design, and climate risk assessment. In this project, we aim to bridge this gap by developing AI-based algorithms to extract granular information about solar PV installations and their associated infrastructures (i.e., distribution grids) from widely available unstructured data like remote sensing images and street views. As a result, we have built the Solar Energy Atlas, a fine-grained, large-scale geospatial overlay of distributed solar PVs and distribution grids. On top of it, we have advanced the understanding of solar adoption and distribution grid vulnerability to climate-induced extremes. Our major contributions can be summarized as follow: (1) By developing new AI algorithms, we have built the most comprehensive solar PV spatiotemporal database covering the entire US. This is the first time we obtained the exact GPS locations, size, subtype, and installation year information for rooftop solar PVs across the US. This database can be used for solar PV growth projection, solar energy integration, solar energy policy analysis and design, and spatially-resolved climate risk assessment. (2) Leveraging this database, we have uncovered the socioeconomic driving factors that are correlated with earlier onset of solar adoption and higher saturated adoption levels. We have identified the heterogeneity in the effects of different types of financial incentives on solar adoption and provided implications for tailoring incentive design based on local income levels to promote equitable solar adoption. (3) We have developed a distribution grid GIS mapping algorithm which can obtain granular geospatial and topology information about distribution grids using multi-modal open data, reducing the dependency on hard-to-obtain smart meter data of conventional approaches. It shows effectiveness in both the U.S. and Sub-Saharan Africa. Using this algorithm, we have uncovered the non-uniform vulnerability of distribution grids to wildfires in California in the aspects of undergrounding protection and Distributed Energy Resources (DER) preparedness. This has provided important implications for improving the affordability and equity of grid adaptation approaches. (3) We have made our produced database publicly available and provided user-friendly interface to enable various stakeholders and the general public to interact with the data. We have also integrated the produced data into the Data Commons platform to enable the public to access the data and correlate it with other location-specific characteristics simply using natural language as queries. The impact of our project is three-fold: (1) New algorithms for mapping solar PVs and distribution grids across space and time, which are open source to facilitate researchers and industry; (2) New databases of solar PVs and distribution grids that have been made publicly available for engineering, social, and policy applications; (3) New understandings and actionable insights on the potential approaches to promoting solar adoption and reducing energy infrastructure vulnerabilities. In this report, we start by discussing the project background and motivation (section 5), followed by the overview of project objectives (section 6). Results and discussion for each task are presented in section 7. Significant accomplishments are summarized in section 8. This report will be concluded by discussing the paths forwards (section 9), products (section 10), and team roles (section 11).

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

High Throughput Genome Releaser

In this study, we present the development of a High Throughput Genome Releaser, an innovative device addressing common challenges in screening PCR. This genome DNA releaser is designed for rapid, cost-effective, and efficient DNA extraction, optimized for subsequent PCR reactions. Our experimentation with various synthetic materials led us to select a particular type of plastic that mirrors the properties of glass cover slides, providing a smooth surface and effective compression capabilities. We engineered a 96-well device equipped with a 96-well plate and a top rod, operable both manually and automatically, which is compatible with widely used liquid-handling robot decks. This compatibility enhances ease of use in high-throughput PCR setups. Additionally, we developed software to support its automatic functions. The genome releaser facilitates the extraction of PCR-amplifiable genomic DNA from 96 samples within minutes, eliminates the need for extraction buffers, and is adaptable to a wide range of microorganisms and cells. This versatility could significantly advance biomanufacturing processes.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Miniaturized Scanning Electrical Mobility Sizer (mSEMS) Instrument Handbook – Airborne Version

The miniaturized scanning electrical mobility sizer (mSEMS), as shown in Figure 1, represents an advancement in particle size measurement technology. Designed for portability, this compact instrument is engineered to deliver precise and accurate assessments of particle size distributions. The mSEMS uses scanning electrical mobility sizing technology to analyze aerosol particles within a specified size range. Its miniaturized design does not compromise on performance, making it ideal for a myriad of applications across laboratory research, environmental monitoring, and industrial settings. The user friendly interface simplifies operation, while the instrument's robust construction ensures reliability in various conditions. Researchers and professionals can rely on the mSEMS to provide invaluable insights into aerosol dynamics, contributing to advancements in aerosol science.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

ComPort: Rigorous Testing Methods to Safeguard Software Porting (Final Technical Report)

This is a technical report from the lead institution – University of Utah, Kahlert School of Computing – funded under the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under award number DE-SC0022252. We summarize our work done over the three years of funding received. The relevant papers and software have already been uploaded at the DOE site.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tactical Analysis for Calculating Contextual Risk at Boundaries: Summary of Laboratory Directed Research & Development Effort

The Tactical Analysis for Calculating Contextual Risk at Boundaries (TACCRAB) tool is an innovative digital twin (DT) platform and automated risk algorithm designed to transform operational decision-making in structured screening environments, with an initial focus on Southern Border Land Ports of Entry (POEs). The invention provides integration points for advanced artificial intelligence, predictive modeling, and real-time data analysis to produce a comprehensive risk management tool that enables proactive, data-informed security strategies. The core inventive features of TACCRAB center on its unique risk algorithm, which dynamically calculates contextual risk by synthesizing historical data, near real-time streaming data from the checkpoints themselves, and AI-generated predictions. Unlike traditional risk assessment methods, TACCRAB utilizes a DT to provide comprehensive operational insights, allowing stakeholders to visualize, simulate, and optimize checkpoint configurations with unprecedented speed and contextual awareness. TACCRAB's key innovation lies in its ability to combine multiple complex inputs - including technology detection probabilities, resource availability, screening pathway characteristics, and threat actor behavioral patterns - into a unified risk calculation and update these inputs based on changing operational and environmental conditions. By leveraging a DT that continuously updates and learns from linked data, TACCRAB can suggest adaptive mitigation strategies that minimize risk while maintaining operational efficiency. Particularly novel is the platform's approach to decision support, which goes beyond static risk assessment. The DT provides dynamic metrics such as wait times, resource allocation effectiveness, and potential emerging threat scenarios, enabling users to view sophisticated, relevant what-if simulations and optimize checkpoint operations in near real-time. The system's architecture allows for generalized application across different screening environments, such as secure facilities, ports of entry, and soft targets, making it a versatile tool for security and operational management. The invention distinguishes itself through its comprehensive integration of predictive modeling, AI-driven pattern discovery, and user-friendly interface design. By combining these elements, TACCRAB transforms complex risk data into actionable insights, supporting decision-makers at various organizational levels - from booth agents making split-second screening decisions to checkpoint managers optimizing the day's resource allocation to strategic planners managing long-term investments.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2025

Employing Eye Trackers to Reduce Nuisance Alarms

When process operators anticipate an alarm prior to its annunciation, that alarm loses information value and becomes a nuisance. This study investigated using eye trackers to measure and adjust the salience of alarms with three methods of gaze-based acknowledgement (GBA) of alarms that estimate operator anticipation. When these methods detected possible alarm anticipation, the alarm’s audio and visual salience was reduced. A total of 24 engineering students (male = 14, female = 10) aged between 18 and 45 were recruited to predict alarms and control a process parameter in three scenario types (parameter near threshold, trending, or fluctuating). The study evaluated whether behaviors of the monitored parameter affected how frequently the three GBA methods were utilized and whether reducing alarm salience improved control task performance. The results did not show significant task improvement with any GBA methods (F(3,69) = 1.357, p = 0.263, partial η 2 = 0.056). However, the scenario type affected which GBA method was more utilized (X 2 (2, N = 432) = 30.147, p < 0.001). Alarm prediction hits with gaze-based acknowledgements coincided more frequently than alarm prediction hits without gaze-based acknowledgements (X 2 (1, N = 432) = 23.802, p < 0.001, OR = 3.877, 95% CI 2.25–6.68, p < 0.05). Participant ratings indicated an overall preference for the three GBA methods over a standard alarm design (F(3,63) = 3.745, p = 0.015, partial η 2 = 0.151). This study provides empirical evidence for the potential of eye tracking in alarm management but highlights the need for additional research to increase validity for inferring alarm anticipation.

99 - GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Accurate Theoretical Methane Line Lists in the Infrared up to 3000 K and Quasi-continuum Absorption/Emission Modeling for Astrophysical Applications

Modeling atmospheres of hot exoplanets and brown dwarfs requires high- T databases that include methane as the major hydrocarbon. We report a complete theoretical line list of {sup 12}CH{sub 4} in the infrared range 0–13,400 cm{sup −1} up to T {sub max} = 3000 K computed via a full quantum-mechanical method from ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. Over 150 billion transitions were generated with the lower rovibrational energy cutoff 33,000 cm{sup −1} and intensity cutoff down to 10{sup −33} cm/molecule to ensure convergent opacity predictions. Empirical corrections for 3.7 million of the strongest transitions permitted line position accuracies of 0.001–0.01 cm{sup −1}. Full data are partitioned into two sets. “Light lists” contain strong and medium transitions necessary for an accurate description of sharp features in absorption/emission spectra. For a fast and efficient modeling of quasi-continuum cross sections, billions of tiny lines are compressed in “super-line” libraries according to Rey et al. These combined data will be freely accessible via the TheoReTS information system (http://theorets.univ-reims.fr, http://theorets.tsu.ru), which provides a user-friendly interface for simulations of absorption coefficients, cross-sectional transmittance, and radiance. Comparisons with cold, room, and high- T experimental data show that the data reported here represent the first global theoretical methane lists suitable for high-resolution astrophysical applications.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

The Elastic Analysis Facility's (EAF's) Contribution to the Future of Analysis at Multi-Experiment Institutions and Future Colliders

The Elastic Analysis Facility (EAF) hosted at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) is a platform being developed with the goal of providing a fast and efficient facility for physics analysis. As high-energy physics moves towards collecting larger datasets, such as those from the High-Luminosity LHC, the EAF strives to provide a powerful and adaptable framework for future colliders and multi-experiment institutions. Currently, the EAF supports several experiments including CMS, NOvA, and DUNE as well as serving accelerator physicists and beam line operations through integrated software and secure connections to Fermilab's computing resources. In addition, the EAF was designed with a user-friendly interface, intended to be more intuitive for emerging generations of physicists, that is still accessible for established styles of analysis. The EAF can also achieve better analysis efficiency due to the modernization of software and tools that can better utilize Fermilab's computing power. Furthermore, its design incorporates industry standards whenever possible, enhancing its sustainability and making it a possible template for other national or international laboratories and research facilities. Overall, the EAF is a forward-looking solution that will meet the evolving needs of particle physics, ensuring readiness for future colliders and multi-experiment research institutions.

Chavez, Elise [Wisconsin U., Madison]↗
DOE OSTI2016

Mapping the Future of Renewable Energy

This EC-LEDS fact sheet describes the NREL Geospatial Toolkit (GsT), an open-source, map-based software application that provide an intuitive, user-friendly interface for visualizing data and renewable energy potential. The GsT is a country-specific tool that maps renewable energy resources (e.g., for solar, wind, and biomass) in relation to enabling infrastructure like roads and transmission lines, providing necessary information for deploying new clean energy generation.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗