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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 883 records · Page 49
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NASA NTRS1973

Simulation of an experiment pointing system for the space shuttle

The pointing and control of experiments during sortie missions are examined from the standpoint of accuracy and performance. The effect of gimbal characteristics, pallet stiffness, and variation in the servo control loop are described. Simulation results are shown for a number of pointing options under the disturbing influences of man motion, thruster firings, and experiment operations. One option of particular interest is the suspended pallet which offers the possibility of high accuracy pointing of very large payloads without using conventional gimbals. The pallet is suspended within the payload bay by nonrigid attachments such as springs, thereby isolating experiments from most shuttle disturbances. Control moment gyros apply torques directly to the pallet to maintain pointing accuracy within the arc second range. Spring torques constrain shuttle attitude so thruster operation is not required. The suspended pallet approach will meet the base stability requirements of any sortie experiment and offers the possibility of a standardized low weight, low cost alternative to gimbaled mounts.

Nicaise, P. D.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Skylab experiments. Volume 2: Remote sensing of earth resources

This volume covers the broad area of earth resources in which Skylab experiments will be performed. A brief description of the Skylab program, its objectives, and vehicles is included. Section 1 introduces the concept and historical significance of remote sensing, and discusses the major scientific considerations involved in remotely sensing the earth's resources. Sections 2 through 6 provide a description of the individual earth resource sensors and experiments to be performed. Each description includes a discussion of the experiment background and scientific objectives, the equipment involved, and a discussion of significant experiment performance areas.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1972

The Apollo 17 surface experiments.

Significant previous Apollo scientific results which influenced the selection of site for the Apollo 17 mission are reviewed. Apollo 17 assignments and equipment are characterized as an outgrowth of the preceding Apollo missions which is focused on the main problems of lunar form and origin. Details are given on the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) experiments, non-ALSEP experiments, the Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment (LSPE), and the three periods of extravehicular activity (EVA) of Apollo 17.

Hinners, N. W.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The ATS-F/Nimbus-E tracking experiment.

The objective of the ATS-F/Nimbus-E tracking experiment, the first of its kind, is presented. Specifically, this experiment has a twofold purpose: first, to gain experience in the practical use of satellite-to-satellite range and range rate data for very accurate orbit determination (this was its original intent); and second, to evaluate the real usefulness of such a technique for geodetic studies despite the fact that the 1000-km Nimbus orbit is not ideally suited for such a purpose. The accuracies of the tracking systems of the satellite-to-satellite and satellite-to-ground link (ATS-F to the Rosman, N.C. ground station) will be about 0.035 cm/sec in range rate and about 1 m in range - utilizing a 10 sec integration time. With these values it is possible to obtain, based upon performed error analyses, orbit height errors of the order of 0.1 to 0.3 m for the near earth orbiting Nimbus spacecraft. This experiment will therefore hopefully prove to be a significant first step for future earth applications spacecraft carrying altimeters systems for measuring ocean height variations.

Von Bun, F. O.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The Apollo Experience Reports.

This paper presents some of the problems and procedures in producing the Apollo Experience Reports, a series of about 121 documents covering the major technical system and subsystem experience in the design concepts for the Apollo Project, NASA's manned lunar landing program. This series of documents replaced technical conferences to document Apollo experience, and met the need to document crew/hardware interface experience. The purpose of these reports is to provide guidance for future programs of the magnitude and complexity of the Apollo Project and to convey very specific information to a selective segment of the engineering and technical management sectors of the aerospace community.

Holman, D. N.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Solar array experiments on the Sphinx satellite

The Space Plasma, High Voltage Interaction Experiment (SPHINX) is the name given to an auxiliary payload satellite scheduled to be launched in January 1974. The principal experiments carried on this satellite are specifically designed to obtain the engineering data on the interaction of high voltage systems with the space plasma. The classes of experiments are solar array segments, insulators, insulators with pin holes and conductors. The satellite is also carrying experiments to obtain flight data on three new solar array configurations; the edge illuminated-multijunction cells, the Teflon encased cells and the violet cells.

Stevens, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Experiments for the study of cosmic gamma-ray bursts

Several experiments are outlined which are designed for investigating cosmic gamma ray bursts; they form a research program that includes balloon experiments currently under development and satellite experiments proposed for future missions. The satellite proposals, in most cases, are either suggested for payloads that are presently defined as to experimental complement, or are for hypothetical spacecraft. Thus, these proposals at present serve to indicate, at least, the possible usefulness of various space missions for cosmic gamma-ray burst studies. Taken as a whole, this program of gamma ray burst experiments should improve on the present observations of the temporal variations, size spectrum, energy spectra, polarizations, directional locations and distribution of source directions, each by several orders of magnitude of improved resolution or of dynamic range.

Cline, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Skylab SO71/SO72 circadian periodicity experiment

The circadian rhythm hardware activities from 1965 through 1973 are considered. A brief history of the programs leading to the development of the combined Skylab SO71/SO72 Circadian Periodicity Experiment (CPE) is given. SO71 is the Skylab experiment number designating the pocket mouse circadian experiment, and SO72 designates the vinegar gnat circadian experiment. Final design modifications and checkout of the CPE, integration testing with the Apollo service module CSM 117 and the launch preparation and support tasks at Kennedy Space Center are reported.

Fairchild, M. K.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Energetic particle flux experiment (IMP F and G)

The data reduction procedures and programs for analysis of the IMP F and G energetic particle flux experiments are summarized. The IMP-F experiment contained two thin-window Geiger-Mueller detectors and an ionization chamber. There were two IMP-G experiments: one with six Geiger-Mueller detectors and an ionization chamber, and the other with two funnel mouthed channeltrons in a parallel plate electrostatic analyzer. These experiments measured particles in the energy range above 20 keV (IMP-F) and above approximately 5 keV (IMP-G). A bibliography is presented of papers containing the scientific results. These data were predominantly used for the study of low energy solar particles from flares.

Anderson, K. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Active experiments in space in conjunction with Skylab

Two papers are presented which relate to the Skylab barium shaped charge experiments. The first describes the L=6.6 OOSIK barium plasma injection experiment and magnetic storm of March 7, 1972. Rocket payload, instrumentation, data reduction methods, geophysical environment at the time of the experiment, and results are given. The second paper presents the observation of an auroral Birkeland current which developed from the distortion of a barium plasma jet during the above experiment.

Wescott, E. M.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Solar array experiments on the SPHINX satellite

The Space Plasma, High Voltage Interaction Experiment (SPHINX) is the name given to an auxiliary payload satellite scheduled to be launched in January 1974. The principal experiments carried on this satellite are specifically designed to obtain the engineering data on the interaction of high voltage systems with the space plasma. The classes of experiments are solar array segments, insulators, insulators with pin holes and conductors. The satellite is also carrying experiments to obtain flight data on three new solar array configurations: the edge illuminated-multijunction cells, the teflon encased cells, and the violet cells.

Stevens, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Experiment planning during the Skylab missions

The objectives of the Skylab Program included observations of the earth, the sun, the stars, and a comet in addition to a variety of engineering and medical experiments. Attention is given to mission planning activities accomplished before the launch of the orbital workshop, during the manned missions, and between manned missions. Two major purposes of early experiments planning were related to the establishment of reasonable potential goals in terms of accomplishment and the discovery of potential problems in scheduling. Planning during the mission proceeded according to a scheme in which the planning was done on a daily basis. Experiences from the three Skylab missions are discussed separately. The results of the Skylab Program demonstrate the value of the daily experiment planning system that was capable of reacting to changing constraints.

Sevier, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Investigation of crew motion disturbances on Skylab-Experiment T-013

Astronaut crew motions can produce some of the largest disturbances acting on a manned spacecraft which can affect vehicle attitude and pointing. Skylab Experiment T-013 was developed to investigate the magnitude and effects of some of these disturbances on the Skylab spacecraft. The methods and techniques used to carry out this experiment are discussed, and preliminary results of data analysis presented. Initial findings indicate that forces on the order of 300 N were exerted during vigorous soaring activities, and that certain experiment activities produced spacecraft angular rate excursions 0.03 to 0.07 deg/sec. Results of Experiment T-013 will be incorporated into mathematical models of crew-motion disturbances, and are expected to be of significant aid in the sizing, design, and analysis of stabilization and control systems for future manned spacecraft.

Conway, B. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Skylab experiments processing at KSC

The Skylab was basically a scientific program, and had the physical capacity for a large number of experiments. The number, weight, complexity, and size of these experiments far exceeded that of those on any previous manned space flight. The Apollo Telescope Mount was the most sophisticated and complex device ever to perform intensive studies of the sun above the restrictions imposed by earth's atmosphere. The demands these experiments made on Kennedy Space Center resources were varied and difficult, since each was virtually unique and imposed its own requirements. A management system to handle these responsibilities was devised and implemented, based on KSC experience with the Apollo and other prior programs.

Barnett, U. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

MSFC Skylab corollary experiment systems mission evaluation

Evaluations are presented of the performances of corollary experiment hardware developed by the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and operated during the three manned Skylab missions. Also presented are assessments of the functional adequacy of the experiment hardware and its supporting systems, and indications are given as to the degrees by which experiment constraints and interfaces were met. It is shown that most of the corollary experiment hardware performed satisfactorily and within design specifications.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Preliminary design polymeric materials experiment

A typical Advanced Technology Laboratory mission flight plan was developed and used as a guideline for the identification of a number of experiment considerations. The experiment logistics beginning with sample preparation and ending with sample analysis are then overlaid on the mission in order to have a complete picture of the design requirements. The results of this preliminary design study fall into two categories. First specific preliminary designs of experiment hardware which is adaptable to a variety of mission requirements. Second, identification of those mission considerations which affect hardware design and will require further definition prior to final design. Finally, a program plan is presented which will provide the necessary experiment hardware in a realistic time period to match the planned shuttle flights. A bibliography of all material reviewed and consulted but not specifically referenced is provided.

Mattingly, S. G.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Studies of the differential absorption rocket experiment

Investigations of the ionosphere, in the rocket program of the Aeronomy Laboratory, include a propagation experiment, the data from which may be analyzed in several modes. This report considers in detail the differential absorption experiment. The sources of error and limitations of sensitivity are discussed. Methods of enhancing the performance of the experiment are described. Some changes have been made in the system and the improvement demonstrated. Suggestions are made for further development of the experiment.

Ginther, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1975

ERTS-C (Landsat 3) cryogenic heat pipe experiment definition

A flight experiment designed to demonstrate current cryogenic heat pipe technology was defined and evaluated. The experiment package developed is specifically configured for flight aboard an ERTS type spacecraft. Two types of heat pipes were included as part of the experiment package: a transporter heat pipe and a thermal diode heat pipe. Each was tested in various operating modes. Performance data obtained from the experiment are applicable to the design of cryogenic systems for detector cooling, including applications where periodic high cooler temperatures are experienced as a result of cyclic energy inputs.

Brennan, P. J.↗