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At least 91 records · Page 5

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NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of a multifiltration water reclamation subsystem to reclaim domestic clothes wash water

An evaluation has been performed of a multifiltration water reclamation subsystem to determine its capability to recover water from domestic clothes wash water. A total of 32.89 kg (72.5 lb) of clothes were washed during eight wash cycles which used 1.4 lb of detergent, 145 gallons of hot water and 133.9 gallons of cold water. Water recovered at a weighted average process rate of 3.81 gallons per hour met the majority of the 23 requirements established for potable water by the U.S. Public Health Service. Average power consumed during this evaluation was approximately 71 watt-hours per gallon of water recovered. Filter replacement, which was required primarily for the control of micro-organisms in the recovered water averaged 4.86 filters per 100 gallons of wash water processed. The subsystem removed approximately 98 percent and virtually 100 percent of the phosphates and surfactants, respectively, from the wash water.

Hall, J. B., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Study of space shuttle EVA/IVA support requirements. Volume 1: Technical summary report

Results are summarized which were obtained for equipment requirements for the space shuttle EVA/IVA pressure suit, life support system, mobility aids, vehicle support provisions, and energy 4 support. An initial study of tasks, guidelines, and constraints and a special task on the impact of a 10 psia orbiter cabin atmosphere are included. Supporting studies not related exclusively to any one group of equipment requirements are also summarized. Representative EVA/IVA task scenarios were defined based on an evaluation of missions and payloads. Analysis of the scenarios resulted in a total of 788 EVA/IVA's in the 1979-1990 time frame, for an average of 1.3 per shuttle flight. Duration was estimated to be under 4 hours on 98% of the EVA/IVA's, and distance from the airlock was determined to be 70 feet or less 96% of the time. Payload water vapor sensitivity was estimated to be significant on 9%-17% of the flights. Further analysis of the scenarios was carried out to determine specific equipment characteristics, such as suit cycle and mobility requirements.

Copeland, R. J.↗

NASA NTRS1972

An electronically gated gamma and X-ray calibration scheme.

The construction and use are described for a radioactive calibration source that produces an electronic gating pulse when a calibration gamma ray is emitted and makes it possible to employ this source in many calibration or stabilizing tasks without the disadvantage of having to introduce extra counts into the unknown spectrum. The described source is radioactively safe, easy to construct, and has the ability of producing gating efficiencies as high as 98%.

Forrest, D. J.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Currents in Florida lightning return strokes.

The transmission line return stroke model is used to derive individual current versus time wave forms from measured electric fields. A total of 98 strokes in 21 flashes at distances less than or equal to 10 km and 63 strokes in 18 flashes at distances between 10 and 32 km are analyzed for current wave shape and magnitude. For the closer strokes, return stroke velocity is also determined from the electric field wave forms. Eighteen detailed current and field wave forms and a statistical distribution of peak currents are presented. Return stroke channel currents are found to exhibit a sharp initial peak which currents measured in tall structures at the base of the lightning channel apparently do not exhibit. A complete discussion of errors is given.

Uman, M. A.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Ejection time by ear densitogram and its derivative - Clinical and physiologic applications.

Ear densitographic ejection times (EDET) and first derivative ear densitogram ejection times (dEDET) were studied to determine whether their reliability and validity justify their substitution for ejection times derived from the far less stable carotid pulse tracing. Inter- and intra-subject comparisons were made on thirty individuals under a wide variety of disease and challenge states. Statistical analysis of the data - which had been obtained through a blinded procedure - showed an overall correlation (r) of .98 for carotid vs EDET and .99 for carotid vs dEDET. The t-test demonstrated no significant differences among ejection times derived from the three methods. Moreover, the close tracking at rest and during challenges of ejection times derived from these curves with those from the carotid indicate that either method may be substituted for standard carotid curves without sacrificing reliability or validity of the measure.

Quarry-Pigott, V.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Satellite ultraviolet measurements of nitric oxide fluorescence with a diffusive transport model.

Twilight measurements of fluorescence in the (1, 0) gamma band of nitric oxide were made from June 1967 to January 1969 by an ultraviolet scanning spectrometer on board the polar orbiting satellite Ogo 4. Nitric oxide vertical column emission rates were measured between solar zenith angles of 93 and 98 deg. Seasonal and latitudinal variations were found to be less than a factor of 1.3, the scatter and uncertainty in the data prohibiting more precise determinations from being made. Time independent chemical diffusion models for the vertical distribution of nitric oxide agree well with profiles measured from sounding rockets. The column emission rates calculated from the theoretical models are larger than the satellite measurements by a factor of 3.

Rusch, D. W.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Artificial meteor ablation studies: Olivine

Artificial meteor ablation was performed on a Mg-rich olivine sample using an arc-heated plasma of ionized air. Experimental conditions simulated a meteor traveling about 12 km/sec at an altitude of 70 km. The mineral content of the original olivine sample was 98% olivine (including traces of olivine alteration products) and 2% chromite. Forsterite content of the original olivine was Fo-89. After ablation, the forsterite content had increased to Fo-94 in the recrystallized olivine. In addition, lamella-like intergrowths of magnetite were prevalent constituents. Wherever magnetite occurred, there was an increase in Mg and a corresponding decrease in Fe for the recrystallized olivine. The Allende fusion crust consisted of a recrystallized olivine, which was more Mg-rich and Fe-deficient than the original meteorite's olivine, and abundant magnetite grains. Although troilite and pentlandite were the common opaque mineral constituents in this meteorite, magnetite was the principal opaque mineral found in the fusion crust.

Blanchard, M. B.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Thrust performance of isolated plug nozzles with two types of 40-spoke noise suppressor at Mach numbers from 0 to 0.45

Plug nozzles with two types of 40-spoke noise suppressor were tested at free-stream Mach numbers from 0 to 0.45 and over a range of nozzle pressure ratios from 1.5 to 4.0. In additon, an unsuppressed plug nozzle and a Supersonic Tunnel Association nozzle were also tested to provide baseline levels of thrust performance. The unsuppressed plug nozzle had an efficiency of 98 percent at an assumed takeoff pressure ratio of 3.0 and at Mach 0.36. At the same condition the suppressor nozzles had efficiencies of approximately 83.5 percent.

Harrington, D. E.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Spectral reflectance of 72275 from Boulder 1, Station 2, Apollo 17

Spectral reflectance measurements were made of samples 72275,103 (chip) and 72275,98 (saw cuttings). Both the chips and the cuttings consist mainly of friable feldspathic breccia. Sample 72275,103, a chip taken from eastend piece 72275,27, is rich in gray polymict breccia. The saw cuttings were derived from the entire rock, but they are probably strongly biased toward the friable feldspathic matrix material that has been preferentially disaggregated. The spectra of both samples show two prominent absorption bands arising from Fe2(+) in pyroxene. The depths of these bands are large enough to preclude the presence of much glass or opaque material in the samples. From the spectral properties alone, it is clear that the samples are not soil breccias nor vitric breccias, as, of course, has been verified by petrography. The wavelengths of the principal absorption bands plot on the pyroxene trend, indicating that orthopyroxene is spectrally dominant.

Adams, J. B.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Compendium of meteorological satellites and instrumentation

Pertinent information is presented for 98 launched and planned satellites of the U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R., and France, as well as their over 200 meteorological experiments or instruments. Summary information is provided for both operational and research satellites. Three major sections include: (1) an overview by country, of the various series of meteorological satellite programs; (2) brief descriptions of the satellites and their experiments; and (3) an extensive bibliography. A glossary of acronyms and two indexes for cross-referencing are also included. In addition, various tables and figures presenting satellite operating times, data coverage, location of launch sites, and descriptions of the launch vehicles used to orbit the meteorological satellites are given.

Stoldt, N. W.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Sensitivity of transport aircraft performance and economics to advanced technology and cruise Mach number

Sensitivity data for advanced technology transports has been systematically collected. This data has been generated in two separate studies. In the first of these, three nominal, or base point, vehicles designed to cruise at Mach numbers .85, .93, and .98, respectively, were defined. The effects on performance and economics of perturbations to basic parameters in the areas of structures, aerodynamics, and propulsion were then determined. In all cases, aircraft were sized to meet the same payload and range as the nominals. This sensitivity data may be used to assess the relative effects of technology changes. The second study was an assessment of the effect of cruise Mach number. Three families of aircraft were investigated in the Mach number range 0.70 to 0.98: straight wing aircraft from 0.70 to 0.80; sweptwing, non-area ruled aircraft from 0.80 to 0.95; and area ruled aircraft from 0.90 to 0.98. At each Mach number, the values of wing loading, aspect ratio, and bypass ratio which resulted in minimum gross takeoff weight were used. As part of the Mach number study, an assessment of the effect of increased fuel costs was made.

Ardema, M. D.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Investigation of noise from full-scale high bypass engine and blown flap system

A summary is presented of an acoustic test program for investigating engine noise suppression and jet/flap interaction noise associated with an EBF STOL powered lift system. A highly suppressed TF-34 engine and EBF wing were used in the investigation. The engine was suppressed 21 PndB to a level of 94 PndB. An UTW powered lift system was tested with conventional, mixer, and decayer-type nozzles. The configuration with velocity decayer nozzle and acoustically treated shroud had the lowest noise (98 PndB). An OTW configuration with non-decayer nozzle was about 10 db quieter than the corresponding UTW system. UTW and OTW noise data are compared with scale model correlations.

Jones, W. L.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Magnetic field observations near Mercury: Preliminary results from Mariner 10

Results are presented from a preliminary analysis of data obtained near Mercury by the NASA/GSFC Magnetic Field Experiment on Mariner 10. A very well developed, detached bow shock wave, which developed as the super-Alfvenic solar wind interacted with the planet Mercury was observed. A magnetosphere-like region, with maximum field strength of 98 gamma at closest approach (704 km altitude) was also observed, and was contained within boundaries similar to the terrestrial magnetopause. The obstacle deflecting the solar wind flow was global in size, but the origin of the enhanced magnetic field was not established. The most plausible explanation, considering the complete body of data, favored the conclusion that Mercury has an intrinsic magnetic field.

Ness, N. F.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Lidar measurements of the variability of stratospheric particulates

Laser radar observations were made to provide information on the distribution of particulate material in the stratosphere between 33,000 feet and 98,000 feet. The observations are part of a program to assess the impact of climatic changes that may result from perturbation of the upper atmosphere by a world high-altitude aircraft fleet. Results are presented as vertical profiles of the scattering ratio and the aerosol backscattering ratio.

Russell, P. B.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Space Shuttle EVA requirements

Description of a Space Shuttle mission and task analysis conducted to derive the requirements for the extravehicular life support system and pressure suit. A baseline extravehicular mobility unit concept that was derived from trade studies to meet these requirements is summarized. It is shown that pressure suits improved over the Apollo and Skylab hardware will be required. Extravehicular activity (EVA) requirements for the Space Shuttle will be highly varied and are expected to average 1.3 hr per flight. About 98% of the EVAs are expected to be of 4-hour duration or less.

Cox, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Investigation of noise from full-scale high bypass engine and blown flap system

A summary is presented of an acoustic test program for investigating engine noise suppression and jet/flap interaction noise associated with an externally blown flap (EBF) STOL powered lift system. A highly suppressed TF-34 engine and EBF wing were used in the investigation. The engine was suppressed 21 PndB to a level of 94 PndB. An under the wing (UTW) powered lift system was tested with conventional, mixer, and decayer-type nozzles. The configuration with velocity decayer nozzle and acoustically treated shroud had the lowest noise (98 PndB). An over the wing (OTW) configuration with nondecayer nozzle was about 10 dB quieter than the corresponding UTW system. UTW and OTW noise data are compared with scale model correlations.

Jones, W. L.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Magnetic field observations near Mercury - Preliminary results from Mariner 10

Results are presented from a preliminary analysis of data obtained near Mercury on Mar. 29, 1974 by the NASA-GSFC magnetic field experiment on Mariner 10. Rather unexpectedly, a very well-developed, detached bow shock wave, which develops as the super-Alfvenic solar wind interacts with the planet, has been observed. In addition, a magnetosphere-like region, with maximum field strength of 98 gammas at closest approach (704 kilometers altitude), has been observed, contained within boundaries similar to the terrestrial magnetopause. The obstacle deflecting the solar wind flow is global in size, but the origin of the enhanced magnetic field has not yet been uniquely established. The field may be intrinsic to the planet and distorted by interaction with the solar wind.

Ness, N. F.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Integrated water and waste management system for future spacecraft

Over 200 days of continuous testing have been completed on an integrated waste management-water recovery system developed by General Electric under a jointly funded AEC/NASA/AF Contract. The 4 man system provides urine, feces, and trash collection; water reclamation; storage, heating and dispensing of the water; storage and disposal of the feces and urine residue and all of other nonmetallic waste material by incineration. The heat required for the 1200 deg F purification processes is provided by a single 420-w radioisotope heater. A second 836-w radioisotope heater supplemented by 720 w of electrical heat provides for distillation and water heating. Significant test results are no pre-or-post treatment, greater than 98 per cent potable water recovery, approximately 95 per cent reduction in solids weight and volume, all outflows are sterile with the water having no bacteria or virus, and the radioisotope capsule radiation level is only 7.9 mrem/hr unshielded at 1 m (neutrons and gamma).

Ingelfinger, A. L.↗