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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Hydrogen-Abstraction/Acetylene-Addition Exposed

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are omnipresent in the interstellar medium (ISM) and also in carbonaceous meteorites (CM) such as Murchison. However, the basic reaction routes leading to the formation of even the simplest PAH—naphthalene (C 10 H 8 )—via the hydrogen-abstraction/acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism still remain ambiguous. By revealing the uncharted fundamental chemistry of the styrenyl (C 8 H 7 ) and the ortho-vinylphenyl radicals (C 8 H 7 )—key transient species of the HACA mechanism—with acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), we provide the first solid experimental evidence on the facile formation of naphthalene in a simulated combustion environment validating the previously postulated HACA mechanism for these two radicals. This study highlights, at the molecular level spanning combustion and astrochemistry, the importance of the HACA mechanism to the formation of the prototype PAH naphthalene.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

A Scale-Dynamic Network Abstraction Approach for Traffic Analysis

The necessary trade-off between accuracy and efficiency of various traffic simulation tools depends on the resolution of the roadway network. While a detailed high-resolution road network could better represent connectivity of real-world road network and ensure an accurate simulation result, a low-resolution network omitting trivial details could reduce computational burden and improve the computational efficiency of traffic simulation. This study focuses on dynamically adjusting the roadway network resolution during the process of simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (SBDTA) with the objective to expedite both the simulation and the assignment within SBDTA. We propose to divide the whole time horizon into several periods dynamically and to Abstract the network for each period separately. The result showed that half of the CPU time for both the simulation and the assignment is saved, while the network performance remains consistent or near consistent compared with the scenario using the most detailed network.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2018

GPU code optimization using abstract kernel emulation and sensitivity analysis

In this paper, we develop a novel approach to GPU kernel optimization by focusing on identification of bottleneck resources and determining optimization parameters that can alleviate the bottleneck. Performance modeling for GPUs is done by abstract kernel emulation along with latency/gap modeling of resources. Sensitivity analysis with respect to resource latency/gap parameters is used to predict the bottleneck resource for a given kernel's execution. Here, the utility of the bottleneck analysis is demonstrated in two contexts: 1) Enhancing the OpenTuner auto-tuner with the new bottleneck-driven optimization strategy. Experimental results on all kernels from the Rodinia suite and GPU tensor contraction kernels from the NWChem computational chemistry suite demonstrate effectiveness. 2) Manual code optimization: two case studies illustrate the use of the bottleneck analysis to iteratively improve performance of code from state-of-the-art DSL code generators.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Initial CRADA Abstract MSTS-2023-01U-JWS01

Abstract for Joint Work Statement MSTS-2023-01U-JWS-01 to investigate creation of synthetic melt glass for nuclear attribution. Work is to be completed under approved CRADA MSTS-2023-01U with UNLV.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2026

CRADA Abstract - 2025-03M

CRADA abstract for publication as required by DOE O 483.1B

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Hydrogen-Abstraction/Acetylene-Addition Exposed

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are omnipresent in the interstellar medium (ISM) and also in carbonaceous meteorites (CM) such as Murchison. However, the basic reaction routes leading to the formation of even the simplest PAH—naphthalene (C 10 H 8 )—via the hydrogen-abstraction/acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism still remain ambiguous. Here, by revealing the uncharted fundamental chemistry of the styrenyl (C 8 H 7 ) and the ortho-vinylphenyl radicals (C 8 H 7 )—key transient species of the HACA mechanism—with acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), we provide the first solid experimental evidence on the facile formation of naphthalene in a simulated combustion environment validating the previously postulated HACA mechanism for these two radicals. Lastly, this study highlights, at the molecular level spanning combustion and astrochemistry, the importance of the HACA mechanism to the formation of the prototype PAH naphthalene.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction

Catalysts for the oxidation of NH 3 will be critical to utilize NH 3 as a large-scale energy carrier. Molecular complexes have not been shown to catalyze the oxidation of NH 3 to N 2 . We report Ru- catalyzed oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen under ambient conditions using the molecular complex [Cp*Ru(P t Bu 2 N Ph 2 )( 15 NH 3 )][BAr F 4 ]. Mediating the cleavage of six N-H bonds and the formation of an N≡N bond was achieved by coupling H + and e - transfers as net hydrogen atom abstraction steps using the 2,4,6-tri- t ert-butylphenoxyl radical ( t Bu 3 ArO•) as the H atom acceptor. Employing an excess of t Bu 3 ArO• under 1 atm of NH 3 gas at 23 °C resulted in up to six turnovers. As a result, nitrogen isotopic ( 15 N) labeling studies provide mechanistic insights to confirm the N≡N bond forming step in the catalytic cycle.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Heterogeneous Palladium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Olefins Prepared by Halide Abstraction Using Surface R 3 Si + Species

The silylium-like surface species [ i Pr 3 Si][(R F O) 3 Al-OSi≡)] activates (N^N)Pd(CH 3 )Cl (N^N=Ar-N=CMeMeC=N-Ar, Ar=2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylbenzene) by chloride ion abstraction to form [(N^N)Pd-CH 3 ][(R F O) 3 Al-OSi≡)] ( 1 ). A combination of FTIR, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and reactions with CO or vinyl chloride establish that 1 shows similar reactivity patterns as (N^N)Pd(CH 3 )Cl activated with Na[B(Ar F ) 4 ]. Multinuclear 13 C{ 27 Al} RESPDOR and 1 H{ 19 F} S-REDOR experiments are consistent with a weakly coordinated ion-pair between (N^N)Pd-CH 3 + and [(R F O) 3 Al-OSi≡)]. 1 catalyzes the polymerization of ethylene with similar activities as [(N^N)Pd-CH 3 ] + in solution and incorporates up to 0.4% methyl acrylate in copolymerization reactions. 1 produces polymers with significantly higher molecular weight than the solution catalyst, and generates the highest molecular weight polymers currently reported in copolymerization reactions of ethylene and methylacrylate.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction from Rhodium Hydrides by Alkyl Radicals in Aqueous Solutions

The kinetics of the reaction of benzyl radicals with [L{sup 1}(H{sub 2}O)RhH{l_brace}D{r_brace}]{sup 2+} (L{sup 1}=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) were studied directly by laser-flash photolysis. The rate constants for the two isotopologues, k=(9.3 {+-} 0.6) x 10{sup 7} M{sup -1} s{sup -1} (H) and (6.2 {+-} 0.3) x 10{sup 7} M{sup -1} s{sup -1} (D), lead to a kinetic isotope effect k{sub H}/k{sub D}=1.5 {+-} 0.1. The same value was obtained from the relative yields of PhCH{sub 3} and PhCH{sub 2}D in a reaction of benzyl radicals with a mixture of rhodium hydride and deuteride. Similarly, the reaction of methyl radicals with {l_brace}[L{sup 1}(H{sub 2}O)RhH]{sup 2+} + [L{sup 1}(H{sub 2}O)RhD]{sup 2+}{r_brace} produced a mixture of CH{sub 4} and CH{sub 3}D that yielded k{sub H}/k{sub D}=1.42 {+-} 0.07. The observed small normal isotope effects in both reactions are consistent with reduced sensitivity to isotopic substitution in very fast hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions. These data disprove a literature report claiming much slower kinetics and an inverse kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of methyl radicals with hydrides of L{sup 1}Rh.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗