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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Electricity Baseline 2021

The Electricity Baseline (2021) is a regionalized life cycle inventory model of U.S. electricity generation, consumption, and distribution using standardized facility and generation data and was created using the ElectricityLCI v2 Python package (https://github.com/USEPA/ElectricityLCI/tree/v2.0). The Python package used the "ELCI_2021" model configuration to set the facility and generation data sources and years that were used to create this life cycle inventory, which were taken from publicly accessible datasets and automatically curated into a local data store. An archive of the data stores used in this model is available online: https://doi.org/10.18141/2569576. This model is presented in GreenDelta's openLCA schema v2 JSON-LD format (https://greendelta.github.io/olca-schema/).

Electricity; LCA; LCI; Life Cycle↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electricity Baseline 2020

The Electricity Baseline (2020) is a regionalized life cycle inventory model of U.S. electricity generation, consumption, and distribution using standardized facility and generation data and was created using the ElectricityLCI v2 Python package (https://github.com/USEPA/ElectricityLCI/tree/v2.0). The Python package used the "ELCI_2020" model configuration to set the facility and generation data sources and years that were used to create this life cycle inventory, which were taken from publicly accessible datasets and automatically curated into a local data store. An archive of the data stores used in this model is available online: https://doi.org/10.18141/2569605. This model is presented in GreenDelta's openLCA schema v2 JSON-LD format (https://greendelta.github.io/olca-schema/).

Electricity; LCA; LCI; data inventory↗
DOE OSTI2025

2016 US Petroleum fuels Life Cycle Baseline Data Package

This data package accompanies the report "2016 U.S. Petroleum Fuels Life Cycle Baseline." It contains the openLCA life cycle model that generated the results and an Excel spreadsheet that contains well-to-tank life cycle inventory for all products.

Life Cycle Analysis Options - Fuels↗
DOE OSTI2025

Lessons from commissioning of the cryogenic system for the Short-Baseline Neutrino Detector at Fermilab

Results from commissioning and first year of operations of the cryogenic system of the Short-Baseline Neutrino Detector (SBND) and its membrane cryostat installed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory are described. The SBND detector is installed in a 200 m$^3$ membrane cryostat filled with liquid argon, which serves both as target and as active media. For the correct operation of the detector, the liquid argon must be kept in very stable thermal conditions while the contamination of electronegative impurities must be consistently kept at the level of small fractions of parts per billion. The detector is operated in Booster Neutrino Beams (BNB) at Fermilab for the search of sterile neutrinos and measurements of neutrino-argon cross sections. The cryostat and the cryogenic systems also serve as prototypes for the much larger equipment to be used for the LBNF/DUNE experiment. Since its installation in 2018-2023 and cooldown in spring of 2024, the cryostat and the cryogenic system have been commissioned to support the detector operations. The lessons learned through installation, testing, commissioning, cooldown, and initial operations are described.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Guam: 2023 Energy Baseline Report

This report summarizes the currently available data on Guam's energy sector as of December, 2023. It describes primary energy consumption, end uses, energy production, relevant policies, and key challenges, including details on the power generation and transportation sectors. The report serves as a baseline of understanding to assess energy needs and priorities on the island.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

North Birmingham Housing Energy Baseline and Upgrade Strategies [Slides]

The community of North Birmingham, Alabama, participated in the Communities LEAP pilot program. As part of this technical assistance pilot, residential buildings, energy efficiency, and electrification were analyzed. This slide deck details the baseline analysis of residential buildings in the community and potential upgrade strategies.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhancing Neutrino Event Simulation through Overlays at the ICARUS Experiment on the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program

In the pursuit of precise neutrino event simulation, the ICARUS experiment within the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab uses an overlay technique to closely align simulations with experimental data. This technique consists of taking signals from data from each of the each of the three subsystems (TPC, PMT, CRT) and overlaying a simulated neutrino interaction onto the event. The overlay procedure includes superimposing simulated waveforms from neutrino interactions from both Time Projection Chambers (TPC) and Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) onto their respective data counterparts. Furthermore, the Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT) hits from both data and simulations are combined to form the overlay event. By combining signals in this manner, we can obtain a data-driven modeling of cosmic backgrounds as well as the detector response enabling a more precise handling of noise sources when using neutrino simulations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: 2023 Energy Baseline Report

This report summarizes the currently available energy sector data for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands as of December 2023. It describes primary energy consumption, end uses, energy production, relevant policies, and key challenges, including details on the electric power and transportation sectors. The report serves as a baseline of understanding to assess CNMI's island-wide energy needs and priorities.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Clean Energy Deployment Baseline for the Energy Community and Low-Income Tax Credit Bonuses [Slides]

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 introduced, for the first time, place-based federal tax incentives for projects sited in “Energy Communities,” potentially changing the economic calculus of where projects are best sited. Storage projects can qualify for a 10-percentage-point bonus to the Investment Tax Credit (e.g., from 30% to 40%), while wind and solar projects may qualify for either the ITC bonus or a 10% bonus to the Production Tax Credit (e.g., from $\$27.5$ to $\$30.25$/MWh). Energy Communities are areas with historical ties to fossil fuel industries and above average unemployment levels (FFEU), with closed coal mines or power plants, or contaminated properties. They seek to identify locations across the US that could especially benefit from economic revitalization. This report explores how the new federal tax credit incentives are impacting clean energy deployment patterns and establishes historical baselines against which future changes can be compared. We include a few case studies of clean energy projects going specifically to areas that were recently impacted by coal power plant closures to provide concrete examples of investments in Energy Communities. However, this publication does not assess how much of the incentive benefits pass from clean energy developers to hosting communities, nor does it offer a comprehensive view of the economic effects of clean energy deployment on Energy Communities. Key highlights include: - As clean energy projects take multiple years to conceptualize and develop, it is likely too early to see shifts towards Energy Community locations either among newly built projects or those that entered interconnection queues in 2023. - Approximately 35% of onshore wind, 50% of solar, and 60% of storage capacity built in 2023 and the first half of 2024 are located in Energy Communities, making them likely eligible for bonus incentives. While these bonus incentives were not available to projects coming online before 2023, we used 2023 Energy Community definitions to classify whether past projects were built in what is now considered an Energy Community. The deployment levels for 2023-2024 are similar to recent years (2020-2022) for solar and storage but slightly lower for wind. - Clean energy capacity has surged in the interconnection queues over the last few years, with about 45-50% of both recently proposed and total queued capacity being located in Energy Communities. While the amount of capacity in Energy Communities has also grown, its relative share is either stable (solar and storage) or slightly lower (wind) among projects that entered the queue in 2023. - Clean energy projects can be built at lower costs in Energy Communities. The levelized cost of energy after incentives was on average $\$9$/MWh (24%) lower for solar projects and $\$2$/MWh (6%) lower for wind projects built in 2023, relative to projects not located in Energy Communities. Wholesale electricity values at Energy Community locations relative to the rest of the market vary by region. The average value was often higher for wind projects (-$\$3$ to $\$11$/MWh) but lower for solar projects (-$\$6$ to 0/MWh). - Distributed solar that is owned by commercial entities is eligible for the Energy Community bonus and also, potentially, a Low-Income Community bonus. Residential solar installations in qualifying Energy Communities that are third-party owned represent about 10% of the total residential market. Larger commercial and industrial solar installations in Energy Communities make up 17% of the total market in 2023. Nearly 2 GW of distributed solar was built in areas qualifying as Low-Income Communities in 2023, exceeding the available annual program cap of 700 MW. Continued tracking of these trends will be important for system planners, investors, and local communities.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Highly Resolved Reference Projections of Building Energy Use for the Contiguous United States: Building Sector Energy Baselines, Projection Methods, and Results

This report describes one methodology of projecting energy consumption of the US residential and commercial building sectors using NREL's ResStock™ and ComStock™ as well as growth rates derived from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook (AEO). The impetus for this work is to provide an intermediate method for compiling demand-side sectoral energy projections that is suitable for grid-scale analysis, such as NREL's Standard Scenarios. ResStock and ComStock are physics-based and statistically representative building stock models of the US residential and commercial sector, respectively. Using the 2012 actual meteorological year (AMY) weather data, the sectoral energy baselines are simulated and then segmented along key dimensions (e.g., geography, dwelling/building type). The segmented results are then scaled using the corresponding annual growth rates derived from the 2021 AEO reference case to produce energy projections out to 2050. The compiled result is a demand-side grid model (dsgrid) data set suitable for use in NREL's large-scale grid models, such as the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS). This simple projection method does not endogenously represent how the building stock could evolve through time. Most notably, it does not reflect large-scale electrification, for example, the conversion of space heating, water heating, clothes drying, and cooking from primary fossil fuels to electricity, as this is not part of AEO's reference case assumptions. Nonetheless this approach is more resolved and potentially extensible compared to the current method used by Standard Scenarios's reference case, which augments a sector's total load based on a single growth rate from AEO.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Lessons from commissioning of the cryogenic system for the Short-Baseline Neutrino Detector at Fermilab

Results from commissioning and first year of operations of the cryogenic system of the Short-Baseline Neutrino Detector (SBND) and its membrane cryostat installed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory are described. The SBND detector is installed in a 200 m3 membrane cryostat filled with liquid argon, which serves both as target and as active media. For the correct operation of the detector, the liquid argon must be kept in very stable thermal conditions while the contamination of electronegative impurities must be consistently kept at the level of small fractions of parts per billion. The detector is operated in Booster Neutrino Beams (BNB) at Fermilab for the search of sterile neutrinos and measurements of neutrino-argon cross sections. The cryostat and the cryogenic systems also serve as prototypes for the much larger equipment to be used for the LBNF/DUNE experiment. Since its installation in 2018-2023 and cooldown in spring of 2024, the cryostat and the cryogenic system have been commissioned to support the detector operations. The lessons learned through installation, testing, commissioning, cooldown, and initial operations are described.

Geynisman, Michael [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) Corrector Magnets

The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) includes at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) site a Beamline which will aim neutrinos towards massive detectors at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) at South Dakota. The neutrinos will be created by a beam of 60-120 GeV protons extracted from Fermilab’s Main Injector interacting with a target located in the end of the LBNF proton beamline. The design of the proton beamline involves 79 conventional magnets; 23 are corrector magnets. These correctors are of a new design which evolved from those built for the Fermilab Main Injector. Following the production of a prototype corrector magnet by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and its testing by both IHEP and Fermilab, IHEP will procure the materials for the 24 (including one spare) corrector magnets needed by the LBNF proton beamline; then, will build, test and certify them

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measuring Nuclear Clusters in the Short-Baseline Near Detector

The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) is the first Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) with high enough resolution and large enough neutrino flux to measure the cross-section for production of heavier-than-proton fragments in neutrino interactions. SBND is an 112-ton LArTPC, and lies 110 m downstream from the Booster Neutrino Beam target, where it is collecting more than two million neutrino interactions per year. As a result of both the intranuclear cascade and nuclear de-excitation, neutrino interactions with argon can produce nuclear clusters such as deuterons, tritons, helions and alpha particles, which have so far only been seen as vertex activity or mis-reconstructed as protons. With LArTPC technology's excellent reconstruction capabilities and SBND's unprecedented neutrino statistics, a measurement of these nuclear clusters could distinguish between nuclear models and improve neutrino energy reconstruction. This poster presents the status of simulation and reconstruction of nuclear clusters in SBND.

Beever, Anna L. [Unlisted, US] (ORCID:000900069339↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants Volume 1: Bituminous Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity

This report presents an independent assessment of the cost and performance of select fossil energy power systems—pulverized coal (PC) and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) plants—using a systematic, transparent, technical, and economic approach. This is Volume 1 of the baseline series: Bituminous Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity. The cost and performance of fossil fuel‐based generation technologies represented in this report are important inputs to assessments and determinations of technology combinations to be utilized to meet the projected demands of future power markets. From a research and development perspective, this report is used to assess goals and metrics and to provide a consistent basis for comparing developing technologies. The main report consists of fifteen power plant configurations, six PC cases (with and without carbon capture) nine NGCC cases (with and without carbon capture) and few additional cases of higher capture rate, for both PC and NGCC plants in the appendix. In addition to the report, an interactive tool was developed that allows users to manipulate six key study parameters simultaneously for each case and visualize the impact on three metrics: 1) levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), 2) cost of CO 2 capture (CCC), and 3) cost of CO 2 avoided (CCA). Following is the link to the interactive tool: https://netl.doe.gov/NETLVol1BaselineTool

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Continuous Baseline Microphysical Retrieval (MICROBASE) Value-Added Product Report

This technical report describes the Continuous Baseline Microphysical Retrieval (MICROBASE) Value-Added Product (VAP) produced operationally by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. MICROBASE provides a continuous estimate of cloud microphysical properties at ARM fixed observatories and ARM Mobile Facility (AMF) sites. It is designed to run operationally and provide data to the ARM Data Center for scientific distribution. This technical report presents an overview of the VAP as a resource for data users and ongoing records for major updates to these products.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

2024 Buildings Technology Baseline: Dataset Documentation

The Buildings Technology Baseline is a curated and regularly updated dataset of current and projected performance, retail, and installed price data for all major building energy technologies needed to enable cost/benefit analyses. Building technology analyses require an up-to-date understanding of installation costs and cost-effectiveness of key building energy efficiency technologies. The dataset was assembled by Guidehouse during fiscal year 2024. Data was gathered from the 2024 National Residential Efficiency Measures Database (NREMDB), the 2023 Energy Information Administration Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs and Efficiencies ("EIA Building Data Report"), DOE Lighting Market Model, the 2023 RSMeans database, and the 2020 Grid-Interactive Efficient Building Technology Cost, Performance, and Lifetime Characteristics ("GEB Data Report"), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, various literature, as well as new data from online retailers, stakeholder interviews, and contractor databases in 2023 and 2024. The dataset has been reviewed by subject matter experts at NREL and DOE. The 2024 dataset release is intended to be a starting point for interested users to provide feedback. This database is not intended to provide specific cost estimates for a specific project. The cost estimates do not include any rebates or tax incentives that may be available for the measures. Rather, it is meant to help determine which measures may be more cost-effective. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) makes every effort to ensure accuracy of the data; however, NREL does not assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Finding Nuclear Clusters in the Short-Baseline Near Detector

Production of nuclear clusters such as deuterons, tritons, helions and alpha particles has only recently been simulated for neutrino-nucleus interactions, and has not yet been measured in neutrino experiments. The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) is the first Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) with high enough resolution and a large enough neutrino flux to accurately measure the cross-section for the production of heavier-than-proton fragments in neutrino interactions. SBND is a 112-ton LArTPC, and lies 110 m downstream from the Booster Neutrino Beam target, where it has already collected the world's largest dataset of neutrino-argon interactions. In these processes, the intranuclear cascade and nuclear de-excitation stages can both produce nuclear clusters. With LArTPC technology's excellent reconstruction capabilities and SBND's unprecedented neutrino statistics, a measurement of these nuclear clusters could distinguish between nuclear models and improve neutrino energy reconstruction. This poster presents the status of simulation, reconstruction, and prospects for a measurement of nuclear clusters in SBND.

Beever, Anna [Sheffield U.] (ORCID:000900069339924↗
DOE OSTI2026

Energy Baseline Assessment and Project Considerations for the Wai'anae Moku Community Energy Plan

This report was prepared as a supplement to the Waianae moku community's energy plan and includes results of two activities conducted by the National Laboratory of the Rockies in support of the planning process: (1) an energy baseline assessment and (2) considerations and resources for possible energy projects prioritized by the community in its energy plan. Results of the energy assessment describe the energy landscape in the state of Hawaii, on the island of Oahu, and in the Waianae moku at the time the plan was developed, with the intention of supporting informed community participation in the planning process. Considerations and resources align with each of the energy project ideas identified in the community's energy plan, and are intended to describe the current context and activities related to each, along with possible next steps toward implementation, and additional resources. The report concludes with takeaways for the community to consider as they pursue their energy goals.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗