Directed perception of proportions by first- grade pupils during nature drawing
Perception of proportions by first grade children during nature drawing
CHILD↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Development of spatial concepts in elementary school pupils
Development of spatial concepts in elementary school children
CHILD↗
Perception of spatial relations by sixth grade pupils during field surveying exercises
Perception of spatial relations by sixth grade children during field surveying exercises
SPATIAL PERCEPTION↗
Speech communication
Computer analysis of speech, vowel perception by children, and articulatory activity during production of intervocalic fricative consonants
COMPUTER METHOD↗
Operational testing of system for automatic sleep analysis
Tables on the performance, under operational conditions, of an automatic sleep monitoring system are presented. Data are recorded from patients who were undergoing heart and great vessel surgery. This study resulted in cap, electrode, and preamplifier improvements. Children were used to test the sleep analyzer and medical console write out units. From these data, an automatic voltage control circuit for the analyzer was developed. A special circuitry for obviating the possibility of incorrect sleep staging due to the presence of a movement artifact was also developed as a result of the study.
Kellaway, P.↗
Effects of aircraft noise on human sleep.
Under controlled conditions in two test rooms, studies were made of the response of sleeping subjects to the stimuli of simulated sonic booms and subsonic jet aircraft noise. Children were relatively nonresponsive to the stimuli. In general, the older the subject, the more likely is behavioral awakening. The response rates to the two types of stimuli were essentially the same. The stimulus intensity had little, if any, effect on frequency of arousal, although other degrees of response did increase.
Lukas, J. S.↗
Electrophysiological measurement of human auditory function
Knowledge of the human auditory evoked response is reviewed, including methods of determining this response, the way particular changes in the stimulus are coupled to specific changes in the response, and how the state of mind of the listener will influence the response. Important practical applications of this basic knowledge are discussed. Measurement of the brainstem evoked response, for instance, can state unequivocally how well the peripheral auditory apparatus functions. It might then be developed into a useful hearing test, especially for infants and preverbal or nonverbal children. Clinical applications of measuring the brain waves evoked 100 msec and later after the auditory stimulus are undetermined. These waves are clearly related to brain events associated with cognitive processing of acoustic signals, since their properties depend upon where the listener directs his attention and whether how long he expects the signal.
Galambos, R.↗
Sector-scanning echocardiography
The mechanical sector scanner is described in detail, and its clinical application is discussed. Cross sectional images of the heart are obtained in real time using this system. The sector scanner has three major components: (a) hand held scanner, (b) video display, and (c) video recorder. The system provides diagnostic information in a wide spectrum of cardiac diseases, and it quantitates the severity of mitral stenosis by measurement of the mitral valve orifice area in diagnosing infants, children and adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Henry, W. L.↗
Femur-bending properties as influenced by gravity. I - Ultimate load and moment for 3-G rats
Fresh experimental bones can withstand greater bending forces and moments after 1.0 to 2.5 weeks of 3-G exposure. This appears more attributable to a 50% greater strength of bone material than to effects upon size or shape, and is most measurable for animals of 5 to 8 weeks of age. Experimental bone material seems to grow to its mature level at a younger age rather then there being so marked an effect upon the mature level itself. We simulated 3.1 G by chronic centrifugation of 66 albino rats and compared them to 63 1-G controls. Extrapolation of the simplest mathematical description of the present results to weaker, zero-G bones could be tested by a total of 60 space-based control and experimental animals. A flight of only 15 animals would be necessary for comparison to ground-based control animals. This is consistent with reports of bone demineralization during space-flight. In light of the differences in bone histology, however, extrapolation of these results to humans would be premature and, if at all applicable, are most likely to be so for children rather than adults.
Wunder, C. C.↗
The child in coma
Children in coma continue to pose medical, social, economic, ethical, moral, and legal problems. Modern life-support technology has aggravated these problems. Coma is viewed as a pathological state of unconsciousness from which the patient has not achieved arousal, and which calls for vigorous action to help him regain consciousness. There are two variables that have an especially important bearing on the ability to achieve arousal. These are: the character of the brain injury that caused the coma, and environmental factors that affect the patient after the injury.
Lewinn, E. B.↗
Teaching/learning principles
The potential remote sensing user community is enormous, and the teaching and training tasks are even larger; however, some underlying principles may be synthesized and applied at all levels from elementary school children to sophisticated and knowledgeable adults. The basic rules applying to each of the six major elements of any training course and the underlying principle involved in each rule are summarized. The six identified major elements are: (1) field sites for problems and practice; (2) lectures and inside study; (3) learning materials and resources (the kit); (4) the field experience; (5) laboratory sessions; and (6) testing and evaluation.
Hankins, D. B.↗
NASA educational briefs
In response to a large public demand for information, the Educational Services Branch of NASA has undertaken a series of publications designed for use by teachers, titled 'Educational Briefs for the Classroom', which has resulted in six to eight issues each year for the last three years. Typical of the topics to which the series is dedicated have been space suits, manned spaceflight mission summaries, solar cells, planetary encounter data, orbits, and rocketry. The planning committee for Educational Briefs is aided in its selection of topics by the many letters received by NASA. Following the Voyager Saturn flybys, NASA received more than 175,000 letters from both children and adults.
Vogt, G. L.↗
Applications of aerospace technology in biology and medicine
Utilization of NASA technology and its application to medicine is discussed. The introduction of new or improved commercially available medical products and incorporation of aerospace technology is outlined. A biopolar donor-recipient model of medical technology transfer is presented to provide a basis for the methodology. The methodology is designed to: (1) identify medical problems and NASA technology that, in combination, constitute opportunities for successful medical products; (2) obtain the early participation of industry in the transfer process; and (3) obtain acceptance by the medical community of new medical products based on NASA technology. Two commercial transfers were completed: the ocular screening device, a system for quick detection of vision problems in preschool children, and Porta-Fib III, a hospital monitoring unit. Two institutional transfers were completed: implant materials testing, the application of NASA fracture control technology to improve reliability of metallic prostheses, and incinerator monitoring, a quadrupole mass spectrometer to monitor combustion products of municipal incinerators. Mobility aids for the blind and ultrasound diagnosis of burn depth are also studied.
Rouse, D. J.↗
Training programs in remote sensing for professionals, students and the general public
What remote sensing is, how and why it is used, and why more people should be trained in the field is discussed. Suggestions are offered concerning differences in teaching technicians, the general public, and children in schools.
Galeano, R.↗
Browsing schematics: Query-filtered graphs with context nodes
The early results of a research project to create tools for building interfaces to intelligent systems on the NASA Space Station are reported. One such tool is the Schematic Browser which helps users engaged in engineering problem solving find and select schematics from among a large set. Users query for schematics with certain components, and the Schematic Browser presents a graph whose nodes represent the schematics with those components. The query greatly reduces the number of choices presented to the user, filtering the graph to a manageable size. Users can reformulate and refine the query serially until they locate the schematics of interest. To help users maintain orientation as they navigate a large body of data, the graph also includes nodes that are not matches but provide global and local context for the matching nodes. Context nodes include landmarks, ancestors, siblings, children and previous matches.
Ciccarelli, Eugene C.↗
SARSCEST (human factors)
People interact with the processes and products of contemporary technology. Individuals are affected by these in various ways and individuals shape them. Such interactions come under the label 'human factors'. To expand the understanding of those to whom the term is relatively unfamiliar, its domain includes both an applied science and applications of knowledge. It means both research and development, with implications of research both for basic science and for development. It encompasses not only design and testing but also training and personnel requirements, even though some unwisely try to split these apart both by name and institutionally. The territory includes more than performance at work, though concentration on that aspect, epitomized in the derivation of the term ergonomics, has overshadowed human factors interest in interactions between technology and the home, health, safety, consumers, children and later life, the handicapped, sports and recreation education, and travel. Two aspects of technology considered most significant for work performance, systems and automation, and several approaches to these, are discussed.
Parsons, H. Mcilvaine↗
Aerospace Food Tray
Lightweight tray designed for use in microgravity. Provides restraint and thermal insulation for modular packages of food. Magnetic utensils restrained by attraction to ferrous plate mounted underneath. Restraints for pouch and spring clips also provided. Surfaces made smooth to facilitate cleaning, and number of cracks, crevices, and pits where food residues collect kept to minimum. Useful for serving meals in airplanes, boats, hospitals, and facilities that care for children.
Aragon, Maureen A.↗
The lunar outpost - Testbed for colonization and extraterrestrial evolution
Three aspects of extraterrestrial habitation are presented with primary focus on lunar habitation. An overview of human experience in low earth orbit (LEO) is given and the establishment of an experience base is discussed. Three primary conditions are listed as crucial requirements for extraterrestrial habitation. These include the construction of artificial environments (AEs); the improvement of AEs so that they are attractive enough for people to want to spend their lives nd eventually bear and raise children in such an environment; and finally, the achievement of self-sufficiency and growth by regenerating consumables and using in situ resources in order to be both cost effective and maximally independent. Regenerative life support, establishment and maintenance of productivity, and the importance of human reproduction in establishing a colony are all discussed in detail. Physiological issues and concerns are considered including hypogravity and radiation physiology.
Harper, Lynn D.↗