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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Me6 Metolius Young Pine Burn

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Me6 Metolius Young Pine Burn. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Me6 Metolius Young Pine Burn produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The study site is located east of the Cascade mountains, near Sisters, Central Oregon and is part of the Metolius cluster sites with different age and disturbance classes within the AmeriFlux network. After a severe fire in 1979, the site was salvage logged, was acquired by the US Forest Service land and re-forested in 1990. The dominant overstory vegetation are 20-year old ponderosa pine trees with an average height of 5.2 +/- 1.1 m. The season maximum overstory half-sided LAI was 0.6 m2 m-2 in 2010. Tree density is low, with ca. 162 trees ha-1.

Hanson, Chad↗
DOE OSTI2022

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F CA-NS4 UCI-1964 burn site wet

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-NS4 UCI-1964 burn site wet. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-NS4 UCI-1964 burn site wet produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The UCI-1964 wet site is located in a continental boreal forest, dominated by black spruce trees, within the BOREAS northern study area in central Manitoba, Canada. The site is a member of a chronological series of sites that are representative secondary succession growth stages after large stand replacement fires. Black spruce trees undergo a slow growth process enabling the accurate determination of the chronosequence of stand age disturbance. Additionally, boreal forests make up approximately 25% of forest ecosystems on earth. With both of these in mind, the UCI sites provide an excellent location to study the CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and boreal forest ecosystems as a function of sequential wildfires.

Goulden, Mike↗
DOE OSTI2026

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Me7 Metolius Low Burn Severity Subcanopy

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Me7 Metolius Low Burn Severity Subcanopy. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Me7 Metolius Low Burn Severity Subcanopy produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - This is a sub-canopy flux site measuring a low burn severity segment of the 2020 green ridge fire. Intact ponderso pine canopy with a mean stand age of 73 years old as of 2022. Understory largely absent.

Hanson, Chad [Oregon State University]↗
DOE OSTI2023

Self-Organization and Nitrogen Incorporation in Diamond-Like Carbon Microstructures Synthesized by Nonthermal Plasma

Nonthermal plasma activation of light alkanes is an encouraging decarbonization strategy to produce chemicals or fuels from abundant and/or flared carbon sources. However, prolific carbon growth on both the catalyst and electrode has limited its practicality, requiring additional knowledge of the carbon structure and growth mechanism before breakthroughs are realized. Furthermore, visual evidence is provided for nonuniform diamond-like carbon (DLC) microstructures that materialize in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor flowing ethane and He at 278 K. Through a connection to known behaviors of DBD microdischarge patterns, the microstructure spacing was controlled by altering the applied voltage (ΔV) of the plasma or the burning voltage (U b ). Additionally, carbon valorization through nitrogen incorporation from N 2 was explored as an orthogonal solution to carbon mitigation, with N/C values >0.25 achieved and both sp 2 and sp 3 C–N bonding observed in the microstructures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

AmeriFlux US-YK1 Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Izaviknek-Kingaglia uplands, Burned 2015

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-YK1 Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Izaviknek-Kingaglia uplands, Burned 2015. Site Description - Tower installed in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in July 2019, in an area that was burned in year 2015. Discontinuous permafrost zone in a wetland tundra ecosystem characterized by peat plateaus and wetlands

Natali, Susan↗
DOE OSTI2026

BSEC Air Quality: Stationary Black and Brown Carbon Properties and Mass Concentration

Data is 1-min absorption/attenuation of aerosol collected on filter and sampled at seven wavelengths (950, 880, 660, 590, 520, 470, and 370 nm) with a Magee AE-33 dual spot aethalometer. The wavelength value for black carbon, as recommended by the manufacturer, is the 880 nm channel. The derived mass concentrations, using the factory default mass absorption cross-sections, are reported for all seven wavelengths. The absorption at all seven wavelengths are reported by dividing the derived mass concentrations by the factory default mass absorption cross-sections. The estimated mass concentration contribution from biomass burning and fossil fuel black carbon, using factory default values, are reported. The estimated brown carbon mass concentration is derived by finding the difference between the recommended black carbon wavelength (880 nm) and the ultra violet wavelength (370 nm), assuming that brown carbon absorption is strongest at 370 nm and minimal at 880 nm. Finally, the estimated absorption Angstrom exponent for black and brown carbon is derived. For black carbon, the slope between each minute log(AbsXXX), where XXX is the wavelength used versus log(XXX) is used, and the wavelengths are 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm. For brown carbon, the slope between each minute log(AbsXXX), where XXX is the wavelength used versus log(XXX) is used, and the wavelengths are 370, 470, and 520 nm.

aerosol↗
DOE OSTI2021

Time resolved ablator areal density during peak fusion burn on inertial confinement fusion implosions

Near peak compression, inertial confinement fusion implosions release both deuterium–tritium (DT) fusion gamma rays and neutron induced gamma rays from carbon from the areal density of the remaining ablator shell. The gamma reaction history diagnostic makes a time resolved measurement of both. Across many recent implosions, the carbon gamma ray peak arrives systematically 11 ± 10 ps later compared to DT fusion burn. The timing shift is consistent with the carbon areal density increasing throughout the peak of the fusion burn, implying that the carbon portion of the capsule continues to converge. A model finds that the observed timing shift is consistent with a 4π averaged carbon ablator inward velocity of 80 μm/ns for the contemporary National Ignition Facility implosions. In this work, the timing shift is possibly related to the energy balance of the implosion, with the expectation that a high performing, igniting capsule would see the carbon gamma rays arrive before the DT fusion peak.

Nuclear fusion↗
DOE OSTI2022

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F CA-SF1 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1977

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SF1 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1977. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SF1 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1977 produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Regenerated jack pine (Pinus banksiana) following fire in 1977; canopy height 6 m and LAI = 2.8. Some black spruce understory developing. Trees tend to be clumpy, with some clear spaces that can be easily walked thorugh, and other areas are thick. Fire killed coarse woody debris on the ground, that is soft and decomposing. Very few perched trunks. Understory are short shrubs such as Vaccinium and Arctostaphylus uva-ursi.

Amiro, Brian↗
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F CA-SF2 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1989

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SF2 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1989. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SF2 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1989 produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Amiro_et_al_2006, AFM/136:...The 1989 burn site (F89) was northeast of Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, with the humancaused fire covering 13,500 ha. Parts of the area had been logged prior to the fire, and slash residues would have been burned in some locations. Parts of the area were aerially seeded with jack pine seeds in the winter of 1990. The present tree canopy was composed of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), jack pine, trembling aspen, and birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and prior to the fire, the stand consisted of these same species aswell asblack spruce.Deadsnags of black spruce and jack pinewere still standing, althoughmost had fallen over and formed a leaningmix of dry, dead tree boles. The understory vegetation consisted mostly of black spruce saplings, saplings of the tree overstory species, bearberry, blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), rose (Rosa acicularis Lindl.), bunchberry (Cornus canadensis L.), and reed grass (Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt.).

Amiro, Brian↗
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-ARb ARM Southern Great Plains burn site- Lamont

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-ARb ARM Southern Great Plains burn site- Lamont. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-ARb ARM Southern Great Plains burn site- Lamont produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The ARM SGP Burn site is located in the native tallgrass prairies of the USDA Grazinglands Research Laboratory near El Reno, OK. One of two adjacent 35 ha plots, the US-ARb plot was burned on 2005/03/08. The second plot, US-ARc, was left unburned as the control for experimental purposes. Aside from 2005, the region evaded burning activities for at least 15 years. Current disturbances consist of only light grazing activities.

Torn, Margaret↗
DOE OSTI2026

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F CA-SF3 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1998

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SF3 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1998. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-SF3 Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1998 produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The 1998 burn site (F98) was in the east part of Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, in the Waskesiu Fire, ignited by lightning that burned about 1700 ha in July 1998. The pre-fire forest consisted of jack pine and black spruce stands, with some intermixed aspen. The fire was severe, consuming much of the top layer of organic soil and killing all trees. In 2001, much of the regenerating vegetation consisted of aspen saplings about 1 m tall and shorter jack pine and black spruce seedlings. An overstory of dead, leafless jack pine trees dominated at a height of 18 m. Sparse grass and herbs, such as fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.) covered the ground. There were a large number of fallen dead trees, mostly perched above the ground and not decomposing quickly.

Amiro, Brian [University of Manitoba; Canadian For↗
DOE OSTI2025

Enabling Production of Low Carbon Emissions Steel through CO 2 Capture from Blast Furnace Gases at Cleveland Cliffs’ 5 mtpa Steel Plant at Burns Harbor, Indiana

Dastur International Inc. has prepared a DOE-funded Pre-front-end engineering design (Pre-FEED) study to capture up to 2.8 mtpa of CO 2 from the available Blast Furnace (BF) gases at the Burns Harbor steel plant operated by Cleveland Cliffs in Burns Harbor, Indiana. The project consists of an amine solvent based pre-combustion carbon capture system, along with a unique BF gas conditioning process which significantly optimizes the project design and architecture in terms of higher volumes (2.8 mtpa vis-à-vis 1.6 mtpa without conditioning) & concentration (32 vol% in conditioned gas vs. 22% in raw BF gas) of CO 2 , which can be captured using a single train, resulting in reduced size and capital cost of the CO 2 capture island, and improved overall economics on a $\$$/tCO 2 captured basis.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Technoeconomic and Life Cycle Analysis for Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) Baseline

Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is an attractive option from an environmental standpoint, as biomass regrowth removes CO 2 from the atmosphere, which offsets the emissions produced by burning the biomass. When combined with carbon capture, this produces a system that is capable of zero or even negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study examines the performance, environmental impact, and economics of co-firing biomass in pulverized coal (PC) power plants. The analysis is based on various plant configurations (with and without carbon dioxide [CO 2 ] capture) using hybrid poplar biomass at three levels of co-fire (20, 35, and 49 weight percent) with Illinois No. 6 coal. This study is an analysis of the overall performance and economics of the plant, which was used to determine the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and to perform a full environmental life cycle analysis (LCA) of greenfield PC plants co-firing biomass.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Coupling of Tree Growth and Photosynthetic Carbon Uptake Across Six North American Forests

Linking biometric measurements of stand-level biomass growth to tower-based measurements of carbon uptake—gross primary productivity and net ecosystem productivity—has been the focus of numerous ecosystem-level studies aimed to better understand the factors regulating carbon allocation to slow-turnover wood biomass pools. However, few of these studies have investigated the importance of previous year uptake to growth. We tested the relationship between wood biomass increment (WBI) and different temporal periods of carbon uptake from the current and previous years to investigate the potential lagged allocation of fixed carbon to growth among six mature, temperate forests. We found WBI was strongly correlated to carbon uptake across space (i.e., long-term averages at the different sites) but on annual timescales, WBI was much less related to carbon uptake, suggesting a temporal mismatch between C fixation and allocation to biomass. We detected lags in allocation of the previous year's carbon uptake to WBI at three of the six sites. Sites with higher annual WBI had overall stronger correlations to carbon uptake, with the strongest correlations to carbon uptake from the previous year. Only one site had WBI with strong positive relationships to current year uptake and not the previous year. Forests with low rates of WBI demonstrated weak correlations to carbon uptake from the previous year and stronger relationships to current year climate conditions. Our work shows an important, but not universal, role of lagged allocation of the previous year's carbon uptake to growth in temperate forests.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling

While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-YK1 Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Izaviknek-Kingaglia uplands, Burned 2015

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-YK1 Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Izaviknek-Kingaglia uplands, Burned 2015. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-YK1 Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Izaviknek-Kingaglia uplands, Burned 2015 produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Tower installed in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in July 2019, in an area that was burned in year 2015. Discontinuous permafrost zone in a wetland tundra ecosystem characterized by peat plateaus and wetlands

Natali, Susan [Woodwell Climate Research Center]↗
DOE OSTI2022

Molecular-scale mechanisms of CO 2 mineralization in nanoscale interfacial water films

The calamitous impacts of untethered carbon emission from fossil-fuel-burning energy infrastructure calls for accelerated development of large-scale CO 2 capture, utilization, and storage technologies that are underpinned by fundamental understanding of molecular-level chemical processes. In the subsurface, rocks rich in divalent metals can react with CO 2 , permanently sequestering it in the form of stable metal carbonate minerals, with the CO 2 -H 2 O composition of the post-injection pore fluid acting as a primary control variable. Herein, we compare mechanistic reaction pathways for aqueous-mediated carbonation with carbon mineralization occurring in nanoscale adsorbed water films. In the extreme of pores filled with a CO 2 -dominant fluid, carbonation reactions are confined to nanometer-thick water films coating mineral surfaces, which enable metal cation release, transport, nucleation, and crystallization of metal carbonate minerals. Though seemingly counterintuitive, laboratory studies have demonstrated facile carbonation rates in these low water environments, which in recent years has begun to be better understood in mechanistic detail. The overarching objective of this review is to delineate the unique underlying molecular-scale reaction mechanisms that govern CO 2 mineralization in these reactive and dynamic quasi-2D interfaces. Here. we highlight the importance of understanding unique properties in thin water films, such as how water dielectric properties, and consequently ion solvation/hydration behavior, can change under nanoconfinement. We conclude by identifying important frontiers for future work and opportunities to exploit these fundamental chemical insights for decarbonization technologies in the 21st century.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Developing a Coal to Products Technology Portfolio

At Ramaco Carbon we are working to bring into existence a new carbon economy with the mottos “coal is too valuable to burn” and “no molecule left behind.” Our research focus is using coal (carbon ore) as a feedstock for a variety of high-value carbon products. We have developed a process and manufacturing technology portfolio including carbon fiber, porous carbons, nano-structured carbons (bulk graphene), building products, monolayer graphene, and rare earth elements (REEs). A review of these product lines, the associated processes, and economics will provide insight into the value of carbon ore as a feedstock for high-value and specialty products. We will present our current progress in manufacturing and tailoring the properties of porous carbons and nano-structured carbon to enhance existing products and produce novel products. Included is a discussion of the properties of carbon fiber derived from direct liquefaction of sub-bituminous coal, and from pitches produced by pyrolysis and solvation by supercritical CO2. New processes for converting carbon ore into structural building materials and monolayer graphene and the evaluation of REE deposits in a Powder River Basin thermal coal reserve will also be described. The presentation will provide a review of our carbon ore to products technology portfolio and the economic advantages of using carbon ore as a feedstock for advanced carbon products and several associated end use applications.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗