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DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of C P asymmetries in B 0 → K S 0 K S 0 K S 0 decays at Belle II

We report a measurement of decay-time-dependent charge-parity ( C P ) asymmetries in B 0 → K S 0 K S 0 K S 0 decays. We use 387 × 10 6 B B ¯ pairs collected at the ϒ ( 4 S ) resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy electron-positron collider. We reconstruct 220 signal events and extract the C P -violating parameters S and C from a fit to the distribution of the decay-time difference between the two B mesons. The resulting confidence region is consistent with previous measurements in B 0 → K S 0 K S 0 K S 0 and B 0 → ( c c ¯ ) K 0 decays and with predictions based on the standard model. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

DOE OSTI2024

Search for X ( 1870 ) via the decay J / ψ → ω K + K − η

Using a sample of ( 10087 ± 44 ) × 10 6 J / ψ events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the decay X ( 1870 ) → K + K − η via the J / ψ → ω K + K − η process for the first time. No significant X ( 1870 ) signal is observed. The upper limit on the branching fraction of the decay J / ψ → ω X ( 1870 ) → ω K + K − η is determined to be 9.55 × 10 − 7 at the 90% confidence level. In addition, the branching faction B ( J / ψ → ω K + K − η ) is measured to be ( 3.33 ± 0.02 ( stat ) ± 0.12 ( syst ) ) × 10 − 4 . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

DOE OSTI2024

Search for h c → π + π − J / ψ via ψ ( 3686 ) → π 0 h c

Using ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we search for the hadronic transition h c → π + π − J / ψ via ψ ( 3686 ) → π 0 h c . No significant signal is observed. We set the most stringent upper limits to date on the branching fractions B ( ψ ( 3686 ) → π 0 h c ) × B ( h c → π + π − J / ψ ) and B ( h c → π + π − J / ψ ) at the 90% confidence level, which are determined to be 6.7 × 10 − 7 and 9.4 × 10 − 4 , respectively. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Observation of η c ( 1 S , 2 S ) and χ c J decays to 2 ( π + π − ) η via ψ ( 3686 ) radiative transitions

Based on ( 2712.4 ± 14.1 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) decays collected with the BESIII detector, we have observed, for the first time, the hadronic decays of S- and P-wave charmonium states into 2 ( π + π − ) η via radiative transitions from ψ ( 3686 ) . The branching fraction of the decay η c ( 1 S ) → 2 ( π + π − ) η has a significant dependence on the interference pattern between η c ( 1 S ) and non- η c ( 1 S ) processes. We measure it in both the destructive and constructive interference scenarios for the first time. The mass and width of the η c ( 1 S ) are measured to be M = ( 2984.14 ± 0.13 ± 0.38 ) MeV / c 2 and Γ = ( 28.82 ± 0.11 ± 0.82 ) MeV , respectively. Clear signals for the decays of the χ c J ( J = 0 , 1 , 2 ) and the η c ( 2 S ) to 2 ( π + π − ) η are also observed for the first time, and the corresponding branching fractions are measured. The ratio of the branching fractions between the η c ( 2 S ) and η c ( 1 S ) decays is significantly lower than the theoretical prediction, which might suggest different dynamics in their decays. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Search for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − and measurement of χ c J → p p ¯ K + K − in ψ ( 3686 ) radiative decays

A search for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − , together with measurement of branching fractions of χ c J ( J = 0 , 1 , 2 ) → p p ¯ K + K − in the ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) and the ψ ( 3686 ) → γ χ c J radiative decays, is performed with ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An evidence for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − is found, with a significance of 3.3 σ . The product branching fraction of B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) ] · B [ η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − ] is determined to be ( 1.98 ± 0.4 1 stat ± 0.9 9 syst ) × 10 − 7 . The product branching fractions of B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → γ χ c J ] · B [ χ c J → p p ¯ K + K − ] are measured to be ( 2.49 ± 0.0 3 stat ± 0.1 5 syst ) × 10 − 5 , ( 1.83 ± 0.0 2 stat ± 0.1 1 syst ) × 10 − 5 , and ( 2.43 ± 0.0 2 stat ± 0.1 5 syst ) × 10 − 5 , for J = 0 , 1, and 2, respectively. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Investigation of the Δ I = 1 / 2 Rule and Test of C P Symmetry through the Measurement of Decay Asymmetry Parameters in Ξ − Decays

Using ( 10 087 ± 44 ) × 10 6 J / ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, numerous Ξ − and Λ decay asymmetry parameters are simultaneously determined from the process J / ψ → Ξ − Ξ ¯ + → Λ ( p π − ) π − Λ ¯ ( n ¯ π 0 ) π + and its charge-conjugate channel. The precisions of α Λ 0 for Λ → n π 0 and α ¯ Λ 0 for Λ ¯ → n ¯ π 0 compared to world averages are improved by factors of 4 and 1.7, respectively. The ratio of decay asymmetry parameters of Λ → n π 0 to that of Λ → p π − , ⟨ α Λ 0 ⟩ / ⟨ α Λ − ⟩ , is determined to be 0.873 ± 0.01 2 − 0.010 + 0.011 , where the first and the second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The ratio is smaller than unity more than 5 σ , which signifies the existence of the Δ I = 3 / 2 transition in Λ for the first time. Besides, we test for C P symmetry in Ξ − → Λ π − and in Λ → n π 0 with the best precision to date. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physics↗

DOE OSTI2024

Determination of Spin-Parity Quantum Numbers of X ( 2370 ) as 0 − + from J / ψ → γ K S 0 K S 0 η ′

Based on ( 10 087 ± 44 ) × 10 6 J / ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, a partial wave analysis of the decay J / ψ → γ K S 0 K S 0 η ′ is performed. The mass and width of the X ( 2370 ) are measured to be 2395 ± 11 ( stat ) − 94 + 26 ( syst ) MeV / c 2 and 188 − 17 + 18 ( stat ) − 33 + 124 ( syst ) MeV , respectively. The corresponding product branching fraction is B [ J / ψ → γ X ( 2370 ) ] × B [ X ( 2370 ) → f 0 ( 980 ) η ′ ] × B [ f 0 ( 980 ) → K S 0 K S 0 ] = ( 1.31 ± 0.22 ( stat ) − 0.84 + 2.85 ( syst ) ) × 10 − 5 . The statistical significance of the X ( 2370 ) is greater than 11.7 σ and the spin parity is determined to be 0 − + for the first time. The measured mass and spin parity of the X ( 2370 ) are consistent with the predictions of the lightest pseudoscalar glueball. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physics↗

DOE OSTI2024

TomoPyUI : a user-friendly tool for rapid tomography alignment and reconstruction

The management and processing of synchrotron and neutron computed tomography data can be a complex, labor-intensive and unstructured process. Users devote substantial time to both manually processing their data ( i.e. organizing data/metadata, applying image filters etc. ) and waiting for the computation of iterative alignment and reconstruction algorithms to finish. In this work, we present a solution to these problems: TomoPyUI , a user interface for the well known tomography data processing package TomoPy . This highly visual Python software package guides the user through the tomography processing pipeline from data import, preprocessing, alignment and finally to 3D volume reconstruction. The TomoPyUI systematic intermediate data and metadata storage system improves organization, and the inspection and manipulation tools (built within the application) help to avoid interrupted workflows. Notably, TomoPyUI operates entirely within a Jupyter environment. Herein, we provide a summary of these key features of TomoPyUI , along with an overview of the tomography processing pipeline, a discussion of the landscape of existing tomography processing software and the purpose of TomoPyUI , and a demonstration of its capabilities for real tomography data collected at SSRL beamline 6-2c.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2023

High-energy inelastic neutron scattering data taken at the SEQUOIA spectrometer.

INS measurements were performed using the Fine Resolution Chopper Spectrometer SEQUOIA at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A powder sample of SrCoGe2O6 was loaded in an aluminum can for the measurements and a CCR was used to cool the sample down to 6 K. Data were collected using fixed incident neutron energies of 100 and 30 meV.

MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2025

All-sky Neutrino Point-source Search with IceCube Combined Track and Cascade Data

Despite extensive efforts, discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrino sources remains elusive. We present an event-level simultaneous maximum likelihood analysis of tracks and cascades using IceCube data collected from 2008 April 6 to 2022 May 23 to search the whole sky for neutrino sources, and using a source catalog, for coincidence of neutrino emission with gamma-ray emission. This is the first time a simultaneous fit of different detection channels is used to conduct a time-integrated all-sky scan with IceCube. Combining all-sky tracks, with superior pointing power and sensitivity in the northern sky, with all-sky cascades, with good energy resolution and sensitivity in the southern sky, we have developed the most sensitive point-source search to date by IceCube that targets the entire sky. The most significant point in the northern sky aligns with NGC 1068, a Seyfert II galaxy, which, from the catalog search, shows a 3.5σ excess over background after accounting for trials. The most significant point in the southern sky does not align with any source in the catalog and is not significant after accounting for trials. A search for the single most significant Gaussian flare at the locations of NGC 1068, PKS 1424+240, and the southern highest-significance point shows results consistent with expectations for steady emission. Notably, this is the first time that a flare shorter than four years has been excluded as being responsible for NGC 1068’s emergence as a neutrino source. Our results show that combining tracks and cascades when conducting neutrino source searches improves sensitivity and can lead to new discoveries.

Abbasi, R. [Loyola University, Chicago, IL (United↗

DOE OSTI2025

Global Evaluation of Process Conditions and Wave Modes in a Rotating Detonation Engine

Rotating Detonation Engines (RDEs) show significant promise for enhancing the efficiency of gas turbine engines while maintaining low 𝑁𝑂𝑥 emissions. This work investigates the predictability of wave modes in a water-cooled RDE under varying operational conditions. Experimental data comprising over 6,700 samples was collected, including parameters such as flow rates, temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. A machine learning approach using the XGBoost library was used to build a multi-class classifier, predicting wave modes based on these inputs. The model achieved a high accuracy of 97%, demonstrating that wave modes are not random but deterministic based on the process conditions. SHAP analysis was used to identify the most influential parameters affecting wave mode prediction. The results show that for the water-cooled NETL RDE, wave mode is determinant and predictable based on the process parameters.

Weber, Justin [NETL] (ORCID:0000000218487035)↗

DOE OSTI2021

A Comparison of Human Error Probabilities Collected from HuREX and SHEEP Frameworks

This paper discusses how different are the HEPs collected from HuREX and SHEEP frameworks. This study is a preceding research to infer full-scope HRA data based on the data collected from the SHEEP framework. For the comparison, we used HEPs in the HuREX database published in KAERI-TR-6649 [6]. The HEPs have been collected from actual licensed operators when manipulating MCR simulators of Westinghouse type and Optimized Power Reactor (OPR1000) type in South Korea. For the HEPs based on the SHEEP framework, these have been collected from actual licensed operators and students when using a simplified simulator, i.e., Rancor Microworld.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency in runs 2 \& 3 of the Muon $g-2$ Experiment at Fermilab

This dissertation presents a measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency for the Runs 2 \& 3 data of the E989 Muon $g-2$ Experiment at Fermilab. The muon anomalous precession frequency is one of two key inputs, the other being the magnetic field, used to precisely determine the muon magnetic anomaly, $a_{\mu}$. In April 2021, the E989 collaboration reported its first measurement of $a_{\mu}$ to an unprecedented precision of 460 parts-per-billion (ppb). This result is in agreement with the previous measurement performed by the E821 collaboration at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the combined experimental value is in tension with the Standard Model prediction at 4.2$\sigma$, a possible hint of new physics. The first result from E989 was based on the Run-1 data, which was collected in 2018 and comprises 6\% of the experiment’s target statistics; the Run-1 result was statistics-limited. The Runs 2 \& 3 data were collected in 2019-2020 and constitute a four-fold increase i n statistics compared to Run-1 and consequently, a factor of two reduction in the measurement’s statistical uncertainty. This reduced statistical uncertainty, as well as continued understanding of systematic effects, will result in an even more precise measurement of $a_{\mu}$ and will help clarify the observed tension between theory and experiment. The precession frequency analysis presented in this dissertation includes a number of improvements compared to Boston University's Run-1 analysis: the implementation of a more robust pileup-subtraction procedure, the implementation of a kernel ratio method, the adoption of the statistically optimal asymmetry-weighted method, and investigations that led to an improved understanding of an outstanding residual slow effect. This dissertation motivates a measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, describes the experimental principle, gives an overview of the E989 experiment, and presents a precession frequency analysis with full systematic unc ertainty evaluation for the Runs 2 \& 3 data. The combined precession frequency measurement, using the ratio asymmetry-weighted method, has a statistical uncertainty of 201 ppb and a systematic uncertainty of 25 ppb, constituting the most precise determination of the muon anomalous precision frequency to date.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2022

In-Field Alpha Spectrometer Development FY2022 Mid-Year Report

In response to needs identified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed an In-Field Alpha Spectrometer (IFAS) to allow IAEA safeguards inspectors to collect samples of uranium hexafluoride (UF 6 ) at processing facilities, to perform field assessments to verify uranium enrichment. For sample collection, the IFAS method uses Single-Use Destructive Assay (SUDA) samplers, developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which contain thin zeolite coatings that trap UF6 gas and convert it to the safer, more stable form uranyl fluoride (as a dihydrate, UO 2 F 2 ·2H 2 O). For alpha spectrometry, the IFAS instrument employs a large area silicon semiconductor transducer to detect and record alpha particle energy-deposition events. Over the course of this project INL, PNNL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory worked to optimize the SUDA sample design for alpha spectrometry, to optimize processes for manufacturing, loading, and shipping SUDA samples, and to allow the measurement of loaded SUDA samples. In fiscal year (FY) 2022 INL has bene investigating the reproducibility and measurement precision of IFAS measurements and the associated determination of uranium enrichment.

46 - INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AN↗

DOE OSTI2024

Exploring the Links between Structural Distortions, Orbital Ordering, and Multipolar Magnetic Ordering in Double Perovskites Containing Re(VI) and Os(VII)

A combination of high-resolution powder diffraction techniques and solid-state NMR has been employed to explore the links between crystal structure, orbital ordering, and magnetism in three isostructural double perovskites containing transition metal ions with a 5d 1 configuration. In Ba 2 ZnReO 6 , both neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data reveal a cubic-to-tetragonal transition at 23 K that breaks the degeneracy of the t 2g orbitals and leads to a pattern of orbital ordering that stabilizes magnetic ordering when the sample is cooled below 16 K. Similar behavior is observed in Ba 2 MgReO 6 , with an orbital ordering temperature of 33 K and a magnetic ordering temperature of 18 K. Prior theoretical works suggest that the pattern of orbital order seen in the P42/mnm space group is needed to stabilize the heavily canted antiferromagnetism of these compounds. Unfortunately, powder diffraction data is not sensitive enough to differentiate between the I4/mmm and P42/mnm structural models, as the distortions are too subtle to be unambiguously identified from either neutron or synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction methods. In contrast, both diffraction and 7 Li NMR data indicate that Ba 2 LiOsO 6 retains the cubic structure down to 1.7 K. The antiferromagnetic ground state and lack of any sign of orbital ordering in Ba 2 LiOsO 6 provide compelling evidence that the electronically driven tetragonal distortion seen in Ba2ZnReO6, and Ba2MgReO6 is intimately linked to the magnetic ordering seen in those compounds. The absence of magnetic reflections in high intensity neutron powder diffraction data collected on Ba 2 MgReO 6 strongly suggests ordering of multipolar moments on Re(VI), likely ferro-octupolar ordering.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2026

Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Recycling: Barriers and Opportunities for State, Local, and Tribal Governments

Electronic waste, or e-waste, encompasses end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment, including computers, monitors, televisions, printers, cell phones, household appliances with electronic components, and small consumer devices containing batteries or circuitry. E-waste is one of the fastest-growing components of the U.S. waste stream, with nearly 8 million tons generated in 2022. E-waste presents two related public-interest considerations. First, e-waste contains economically and strategically important materials: base metals (copper, aluminum, iron, steel), precious metals (gold, silver, platinum group metals), and critical materials such as rare earth elements, gallium, and indium that appear on the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) 2025 List of Critical Minerals. Second, many electronic devices contain hazardous constituents - including lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants - as well as rechargeable batteries that can pose fire risks during handling. Effective management of these constituents helps protect workers, communities, and the environment. In the United States, it is estimated that less than 20% of e-waste is formally collected and recycled, leaving over 6 million tons landfilled or otherwise unrecovered. This fact sheet provides state and local decision-makers an overview of (1) e-waste composition and recoverable materials, (2) technology pathways used to recover those materials, and (3) examples of operational and partnership structures used to provide e-waste recycling capacity in the United States. It is intended to complement existing collection-program guidance available through U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other sources.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Supplemental Defatted Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica Affected Apparent Retention and Ileal Digestibility of Nutrients in a Corn-Soybean Meal Based Diet for Broiler Chickens

Objective: This study was to assess impacts of including 10% defatted microalgae (Nannochloropsis oceanica, 45% crude protein and 3.8% ether extract) into a corn-soybean meal basal diet for broiler chickens on apparent retention and ileal digestibility of nutrients. Procedures: Day-old hatchling Cornish Giant cockerels were divided into two groups (6 cages/group, 6 chicks/cage) and fed either the basal (control) or the microalgae-supplemented (microalgae) diet for 6 weeks. Starting week 3, the two experimental diets were mixed with 0.2% chromium oxide as an indigestible marker. Total excreta of individual cages were collected daily for 3 consecutive days during week 6. At the end of week 6, chicks were euthanized to collect ileal digesta from 1 chick/cage. Energy and concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, minerals, and amino acids in digesta, excreta, and diets were assayed. Apparent retentions and ileal digestibilities were calculated using the direct collection and indirect indicator methods. Data were analyzed by the Student’s t-test and the significant level of difference was at p < 0.05. Results: The microalgae diet had elevated (4.2% and 8.1% by the two methods, p < 0.05) apparent retention of ether extract, but similar apparent retention and ileal digestibility of dry matter and apparent metabolizable energy, compared with the control diet. Supplemental defatted microalgae decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent retention and ileal digestibility of dietary crude protein by 13% and 13%. The supplementation also decreased (p < 0.05) ileal digestibilities and apparent retentions of multiple amino acids ranging from 0.6% to 26%. Apparent retentions of sodium and total phosphorus were decreased (p < 0.05) by 13% and 71%, respectively, by the microalgae inclusion compared with the control. Conclusion: The inclusion of 10% defatted N. oceanica in the corn-soybean meal basal diet for broiler chickens led moderate increases in apparent retention and ileal digestibility of ether extract, but decreased those of crude protein, amino acids, sodium, and phosphorus.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Search for η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω and ω ϕ and measurements of χ c J → ω ω and ω ϕ in ψ ( 2 S ) radiative processes

Using ( 2712 ± 14 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 2 S ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the decays η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω and η c ( 2 S ) → ω ϕ via the process ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) . No statistically significant signals are observed. The upper limits of their product branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) , η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω ) < 1.04 × 10 − 6 and B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) , η c ( 2 S ) → ω ϕ ) < 1.85 × 10 − 7 , respectively. We also update the branching fractions of χ c J → ω ω and χ c J → ω ϕ via the ψ ( 2 S ) → γ χ c J transition. Their branching fractions are determined to be B ( χ c 0 → ω ω ) = ( 10.66 ± 0.11 ± 0.57 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 1 → ω ω ) = ( 6.43 ± 0.07 ± 0.31 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 2 → ω ω ) = ( 8.75 ± 0.08 ± 0.42 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 0 → ω ϕ ) = ( 1.18 ± 0.03 ± 0.07 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 1 → ω ϕ ) = ( 2.04 ± 0.15 ± 0.11 ) × 10 − 5 , and B ( χ c 2 → ω ϕ ) = ( 9.58 ± 1.07 ± 0.76 ) × 10 − 6 , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗