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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
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NASA NTRS1982

Environmental noise assessment STS-1 Columbia launch

An environmental noise assessement of the initial launch of the Space Transportation System, STS-1 Columbia was conducted. The principal objective of the environmental noise assessment was to measure the noise generated during the initial launch of the space shuttle to ascertain the validity of the levels predicted in the 1979 environmental impact statement. In the 1979 study information obtained for expendable launch vehicles, Titan, Saturn and Atlas was used to predict the noise levels that would be generated by the simultaneous firing of the two solid rocket boosters and the three space shuttle main engines. Fifteen monitoring sites were established in accessable areas located from 4,953 to 23,640 meters from the launch pad. Precision sound level meters were used to capture the peak level during the launch. Data obtained was compared to the predicted levels and were also compared to the identified levels, standards and criteria established by the federal agencies with noise abatement and control responsibilities.

Putnicki, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Spaceship Columbia's first flight

This is a review of the initial flight of the spaceship Columbia - the first of four test missions of the nation's space transportation system. Engineering test pilot/astronaut activity associated with operation, control, and monitoring of the spaceship are discussed. Demonstrated flying qualities and performance of the Space Shuttle are covered.

Young, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Columbia River volcanism - The question of mantle heterogeneity or crustal contamination

It is found that, although crystal fractionation played an important role in producing the chemical characteristics of Columbia River Province basalts displaying a wide range of chemical and isotopic compositions, the isotopic variability calls for the involvement of at least two isotopically distinct components. The major and trace element characteristics of the main volume of the basalts are not consistent with a metasomatized mantle source region, and the presence of a primordial mantel component is not supported by the chemical data. Models of simple binary mixing between a primary magma and Precambrian sialic crustal materials, while satisfying the observed Nd and Sr isotopic variations, fail to account for major trace element abundances. The combination of crustal assimilation and fractional crystalization is found to give a superior fit to the compositional data.

Carlson, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Remote sensing education at the University of British Columbia

The development, current status, and organization of the University of British Columbia's interdisciplinary graduate program in remote sensing are described. Specialized programs are tailored to meet student's needs and interest and can range from the theoretical development of technology (sensor development, modelling, and computer analysis) to specialized application of remote sensing in resource analysis such as the determination of vegetation damage, land classification, and land use. The courses and faculty members are listed.

Murtha, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer - Preliminary results from the second flight of Columbia

The Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR) is a spectroradiometer covering the region 0.5-2.5 microns in 10 channels that acquired data from 100 m diameter spots along the subspacecraft ground track. It was flown aboard the second flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia, November 12-14, 1981. Preliminary analysis of data from one of the 17 orbits covered shows that in Egypt, carbonate rocks, kaolinite, and possibly montmorillonite can be identified by their SMIRR spectral signatures in conjunction with limited knowledge of the regional geologic setting. The SMIRR data have made possible the first remote identification of carbonate rocks and clays from orbit.

Goetz, A. F. H.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Shuttle 'Challenger' aerodynamic performance from flight data - Comparisons with predicted values and 'Columbia' experience

Longitudinal aerodynamic performance comparisons between flight extracted and predicted values are presented for the first eight NASA Space Shuttle entry missions. Challenger results are correlated with the ensemble five flight Columbia experience and indicate effects due to differing angle-of-attack and body flap deflection profiles. An Appendix is attached showing the results of each flight using both the LaRC LAIRS and NOAA atmospheres. Discussions are presented which review apparent density anomalies observed in the flight data, with particular emphasis on the suggested shears and turbulence encountered during STS-2 and STS-4. Atmospheres derived from Shuttle data are presented which show structure different than that remotely sensed and imply regions of unstable air masses as a plausible explanation. Though additional aerodynamic investigations are warranted, an added benefit of Shuttle flight data for atmospheric research is discussed, in particular, as applicable to future NASA space vehicles such as AOTVs and tethered satellites.

Findlay, J. T.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Lateral stability and control derivatives extracted from five early flights of the space shuttle Columbia

Flight data taken from the first five flights (STS-2, 3, 4, 5 and 9) of the Space Transportation System Shuttle Columbia during entry are analyzed to determine the Shuttle lateral aerodynamic characteristics. Maximum likelihood estimation is applied to data derived from accelerometer and rate gyro measurements and trajectory, meteorological and control surface data to estimate lateral-directional stability and control derivatives. The estimated parameters are compared across the five flights and to preflight predicted values.

Schiess, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The Columbia CO survey of molecular clouds in the first galactic quadrant

A systematic, unbiased survey of CO emission from much of the first Galactic quadrant has been completed using the Columbia-Goddard millimeter wave telescope. The velocity resolution is 1.3 km/s and the coverage is from -13 to 153 km/s at latitude less than 55 deg and from -55 to 111 km/s at latitudes of 55 deg and higher. The noise is 0.45 K rms per 1/3 km/s resolution element. The instrument and observing technique are described and the instrument's calibration is compared with that of other telescopes. When the different beams are taken into account, the calibration agrees well with measurements of individual molecular clouds and the Galactic plane done with both the Bell Laboratories 7 m and the NRAO 11 m telescopes. The entire collection of over 3000 spectra are presented along with spatial and longitude-velocity maps.

Cohen, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Summary of longitudinal stability and control parameters as determined from space shuttle Columbia flight test data

Extensive wind tunnel tests were conducted to establish the preflight aerodynamics of the Shuttle vehicle. This paper presents the longitudinal, short-period aerodynamics of the space shuttle Columbia as determined from flight test data. These flight-determined results are compared with the preflight predictions, and areas of agreement or disagreement are noted. In addition to the short-period aerodynamics, the pitch RCS effectiveness was determined.

Suit, W. T.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The alloy undercooling experiment on the Columbia STA 61-C space shuttle mission

An Alloy Undercooling experiment was performed in an electromagnetic levitator during the Columbia STS 61-C mission in January 1986. One eutectic nickel-tin alloy specimen was partially processed before an equipment failure terminated the experiment. Examination of the specimen showed evidence of undercooling and some unusual microstructural features.

Harf, Fredric H.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The alloy undercooling experiment on the Columbia STS 61-C Space Shuttle mission

An Alloy Undercooling experiment was performed in an electromagnetic levitator during the Columbia STS 61-C mission in January 1986. One eutectic nickel-tin alloy specimen was partially processed before an equipment failure terminated the experiment. Examination of the specimen showed evidence of undercooling and some unusual microstructural features.

Harf, Fredric H.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Variability of the Columbia River plume observed in visible and infrared satellite imagery

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data were used to derive images of sea surface temperature and phytoplankton pigment images. Observations were made in coastal waters off the Northwestern United States from 1979-1985 and showed that orientation, shape, intensity and relative temperature of the plume varied in response to coastal winds and wind-driven surface currents. CZCS images illustrating changes in the river plume during spring transition in 1982, changes due to reversal of the summer prevailing winds, during a strong summer upwelling, and during peak river flow in the early summer are presented and analyzed. It is noted that remote sensing of the Columbia River plume provides information for oceanographic studies and fisheries management in the region.

Fiedler, Paul C.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Using Landsat to provide potato production estimates to Columbia Basin farmers and processors

A summary of project activities relative to the estimation of potato yields in the Columbia Basin is given. Oregon State University is using a two-pronged approach to yield estimation, one using simulation models and the other using purely empirical models. The simulation modeling approach has used satellite observations to determine key dates in the development of the crop for each field identified as potatoes. In particular, these include planting dates, emergence dates, and harvest dates. These critical dates are fed into simulation models of crop growth and development to derive yield forecasts. Two empirical modeling approaches are illustrated. One relates tuber yield to estimates of cumulative intercepted solar radiation; the other relates tuber yield to the integral under the GVI curve.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1990

Alteration of basaltic glasses from north-central British Columbia, Canada

The process of palagonitization in basaltic glasses from Pleistocene subglacial volcanics in the north-central British Columbia, Canada, is examined on the basis of results obtained from samples from three volcanoes located in the Tuya Range of Cassiar mountains: Ash Mountain, Southern Tuya, and Tuya Butte. The compositional changes from glass to palogonite, in particular with respect to Al content are described. Results of this study suggests that palagonitization is an isovolumetric replacement process in the British Coumbia hyaloclastites, in which glass is replaced by amorphous colloidal palagonite; the process is explained by the precipitation of insoluble material as critical nuclei under the conditions of supersaturation in the near-glass environment.

Jercinovic, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Using LANDSAT to provide potato production estimates to Columbia Basin farmers and processors

The estimation of potato yields in the Columbia basin is described. The fundamental objective is to provide CROPIX with working models of potato production. A two-pronged approach was used to yield estimation: (1) using simulation models, and (2) using purely empirical models. The simulation modeling approach used satellite observations to determine certain key dates in the development of the crop for each field identified as potatoes. In particular, these include planting dates, emergence dates, and harvest dates. These critical dates are fed into simulation models of crop growth and development to derive yield forecasts. Purely empirical models were developed to relate yield to some spectrally derived measure of crop development. Two empirical approaches are presented: one relates tuber yield to estimates of cumulative intercepted solar radiation, the other relates tuber yield to the integral under GVI (Global Vegetation Index) curve.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1991

The microgravity environment of the Space Shuttle Columbia middeck during STS-32

Four hours of three-axis microgravity accelerometer data were successfully measured at the MA9F locker location in the Orbiter middeck of Columbia as part of the Microgravity Disturbances Experiment (MDE) on STS-32. These data were measured using the Honeywell In-Space Accelerometer, a small three-axis accelerometer that was hard-mounted onto the Fluid Experiment Apparatus to record the microgravity environment at the exact location of the MDE. Data were recorded during specific mission events such as Orbiter quiescent periods, crew exercise on the treadmill, and numerous Orbiter engine burns. Orbiter background levels were measured to be in the 3 x 10(exp -5) to 2 x 10(exp -4) G range, treadmill operations in the 6 x 10(exp -4) to 5 x 10(exp -3) G range, and Orbiter engine burns from 4 x 10(exp -3) to in excess of 1 x 10(exp -2) G. These data represent some of the first microgravity accelerometer data ever recorded in the middeck area of the Orbiter.

Dunbar, Bonnie J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The microgravity environment of the Space Shuttle Columbia payload bay during STS-32

Over 11 hours of three-axis microgravity accelerometer data were successfully measured in the payload bay of Space Shuttle Columbia as part of the Microgravity Disturbances Experiment on STS-32. These data were measured using the High Resolution Accelerometer Package and the Aerodynamic Coefficient Identification Package which were mounted on the Orbiter keel in the aft payload bay. Data were recorded during specific mission events such as Orbiter quiescent periods, crew exercise on the treadmill, and numerous Orbiter engine burns. Orbiter background levels were measured in the 10(exp -5) G range, treadmill operations in the 10(exp -3) G range, and the Orbiter engine burns in the 10(exp -2) G range. Induced acceleration levels resulting from the SYNCOM satellite deploy were in the 10 (exp -2) G range, and operations during the pre-entry Flight Control System checkout were in the 10(exp -2) to 10(exp -1) G range.

Dunbar, Bonnie J.↗