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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Thailand national programme of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite

The author has identified the following significant results. Intensive interpretation of ERTS-1 scenes covering agricultural regions near Bangkok, backed up by ground surveys and low altitude reconnaissance flights, has established that the major agricultural crops of Thailand can be positively differentiated, and in most cases identified, after some experience has been gained, by examination of ERTS-1 imagery. A country-wide survey of remaining forest cover will be completed during 1974. MSS band 5 and band 7 and white positive transparencies were found to be the most desirable medium for identification of geological structure. The Royal Irrigation Department conducted a pilot study to examine the possibility of determining water reservoir capacity from surface area measurements derived from ERTS-1 images.

Cheosakul, P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A Kalman filter approach to adaptive estimation of multispectral signatures

The signatures of remote sensing data from agricultural crops exhibit significant non-stationarity, so that the performance of fixed parameter classifiers degenerates with time and distance from the initial training data. A class of adaptive decision-directed classifiers are being developed, based on Kalman filter theory. Limited results to date on two data sets indicate approximately a 25 to 40% reduction in rates of misclassification.

Crane, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The economic value of remote sensing of earth resources from space: An ERTS overview and the value of continuity of service. Volume 3: Intensive use of living resources: Agriculture. Part 1: Overview

Potential economic benefits obtainable from a state-of-the-art ERS system in the resource area of intensive use of living resources, agriculture, are studied. A spectrum of equal capability (cost saving), increased capability, and new capability benefits are quantified. These benefits are estimated via ECON developed models of the agricultural marketplace and include benefits of improved production and distribution of agricultural crops. It is shown that increased capability benefits and new capability benefits result from a reduction of losses due to disease and insect infestation given ERS's capability to distinguish crop vigor and from the improvement in world trade negotiations given ERS's worldwide surveying capability.

Kornhauser, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Estimating proportions of objects from multispectral scanner data

Progress is reported in developing and testing methods of estimating, from multispectral scanner data, proportions of target classes in a scene when there are a significiant number of boundary pixels. Procedures were developed to exploit: (1) prior information concerning the number of object classes normally occurring in a pixel, and (2) spectral information extracted from signals of adjoining pixels. Two algorithms, LIMMIX and nine-point mixtures, are described along with supporting processing techniques. An important by-product of the procedures, in contrast to the previous method, is that they are often appropriate when the number of spectral bands is small. Preliminary tests on LANDSAT data sets, where target classes were (1) lakes and ponds, and (2) agricultural crops were encouraging.

Horwitz, H. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Machine processing of S-192 and supporting aircraft data: Studies of atmospheric effects, agricultural classifications, and land resource mapping

Two tasks of machine processing of S-192 multispectral scanner data are reviewed. In the first task, the effects of changing atmospheric and base altitude on the ability to machine-classify agricultural crops were investigated. A classifier and atmospheric effects simulation model was devised and its accuracy verified by comparison of its predicted results with S-192 processed results. In the second task, land resource maps of a mountainous area near Cripple Creek, Colorado were prepared from S-192 data collected on 4 August 1973.

Thomson, F.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Advances in automatic extraction of earth resources information from multispectral scanner data

The basis of spectral discrimination was briefly examined indicating sources of variability which tend to obscure the spectral attributes of the classes of interest. Spatial and temporal discrimination bases are also discussed. Automatic processing functions, techniques and methods, and equipment are discussed with emphasis on techniques and equipment required for operational large area surveys with satellite data. Techniques for carrying out major functions of preprocessing for signature extension, feature extraction, discrimination, display, and applications modeling were examined. A multiplicative and additive signature correction technique and a proportion estimation technique are discussed. The development of the multivariate interactive digital analysis system multispectral processor system which represents a breakthrough in cost effective high throughput processing for large area surveys from satellites and aircraft is reviewed. Applications and results are discussed briefly for agricultural crop inventories, environmental monitoring, and resources surveys from ERIM LANDSAT and EREP investigations to indicate the substantial progress achieved to date.

Erickson, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

California resource inventory via satellite sensing

There is a rapidly increasing need for wise management of such earth resources as agricultural crops, timber, forage, water, minerals, soils, fish, wildlife and oceanographic and atmospheric resources. An important first step leading to such management is that of obtaining accurate inventories of these resources, quickly, economically, and at suitably frequent intervals. Remote sensing from such manned satellites as Skylab, and from such unmanned satellites as those in the Landsat series, is proving to be of great value in the making of these inventories. Numerous examples are given of the uses made of satellite sensing as an aid to resource inventory in California. Also included is a consideration of the optimum uses that can be made of Skylab-EREP type data in conjunction with lower and higher resolution remote sensing data as acquired by Landsat-type vehicles and by aircraft, respectively.

Colwell, R. N.↗
NASA NTRS1976

PROCAMS - A second generation multispectral-multitemporal data processing system for agricultural mensuration

PROCAMS (Prototype Classification and Mensuration System) has been designed for the classification and mensuration of agricultural crops (specifically small grains including wheat, rye, oats, and barley) through the use of data provided by Landsat. The system includes signature extension as a major feature and incorporates multitemporal as well as early season unitemporal approaches for using multiple training sites. Also addressed are partial cloud cover and cloud shadows, bad data points and lines, as well as changing sun angle and atmospheric state variations.

Erickson, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Investigation of thematic mapper spatial, radiometric, and spectral resolution

Empirical evidence was provided for the definition of system specifications for the LANDSAT Follow-On Thematic Mapper (TM) and other future space Multispectral Sensor (MSS) systems. Specific sensor parameters addressed were spatial resolution, radiometric sensitivity, and to a lesser degree spectral bandwidths and locations. The study used selected available aircraft MSS data, characterized by narrow spectral bands, fine spatial resolution, and high signal-to-noise, as the basis for simulating spacecraft TM data of various spatial resolutions, radiometric sensitivities, and sets of spectral bands. The primary measure used in evaluating the effects of varying spatial and radiometric resolutions was agricultural crop mensuration accuracy using automatic (computer) information extraction techniques.

Morgenstern, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Pattern recognition of Landsat data based upon temporal trend analysis

The Delta Classifier defined as an agricultural crop classification scheme employing a temporal trend procedure is applied to more than 100 different Landsat data sets collected during the 1974-1975 growing season throughout the major wheat-producing regions of the United States. The classification approach stresses examination of temporal trends of the Landsat mean vectors of crops in the absence of corresponding ground truth information. It is shown that the resulting classifications compare favorably to ground truth estimates for wheat proportion in those cases where ground truth is available, and that the temporal trend procedure yields estimates of the wheat proportion that are comparable to the best results from maximum likelihood classification with photointerpreter-defined training fields.

Engvall, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The natural resources inventory system ASVT project

The hardware/software and the associated procedures for a natural resource inventory and information system based on the use of LANDSAT-acquired multispectral scanner digital data is described. The system is designed to derive land cover/vegetation information from LANDSAT data and geographically reference this information for the production of various types of maps and for the compilation of acreage by land cover/vegetation category. The system also provides for data base building so that the LANDSAT-derived information can be related to information digitized from other sources (e.g., soils maps) in a geographic context in order to address specific applications. These applications include agricultural crop production estimation, erosion hazard-reforestation need assessment, whitetail deer habitat assessment, and site selection. The system is tested in demonstration areas located in the state of Mississippi, and the results of these application demonstrations are presented. A cost-efficiency comparison of producing land cover/vegetation maps and statistics with this system versus the use of small-scale aerial photography is made.

Joyce, A. T.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Earth survey applications division: Research leading to the effective use of space technology in applications relating to the Earth's surface and interior

Accomplishments and future plans are described for the following areas: (1) geology - geobotanical indicators and geopotential data; (2) modeling magnetic fields; (3) modeling the structure, composition, and evolution of the Earth's crust; (4) global and regional motions of the Earth's crust and earthquake occurrence; (5) modeling geopotential from satellite tracking data; (6) modeling the Earth's gravity field; (7) global Earth dynamics; (8) sea surface topography, ocean dynamics; and geophysical interpretation; (9) land cover and land use; (10) physical and remote sensing attributes important in detecting, measuring, and monitoring agricultural crops; (11) prelaunch studies using LANDSAT D; (12) the multispectral linear array; (13) the aircraft linear array pushbroom radiometer; and (14) the spaceborne laser ranging system.

Carpenter, L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Vegetation clutter model

The statistical behavior of the radar backscattering coefficient of agricultural crops is examined. The data used were obtained by the microwave active spectrometer (MAS) systems in 1975 and 1976. Based on an evaluation of the angular and spectral variation of the mean, median, and 90-percent dynamic range of the coefficient (dB) histograms, empirical expressions describing the joint angular and frequency dependence of the mean and median were generated for each linear polarization configuration. The clutter model thus generated covers the angular range between 0 deg (nadir) and 80 deg and the frequency range between 1 GHz and 18 GHz. Decorrelation of the coefficient with frequency spacing was also evaluated and modeled.

Ulaby, F. T.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Sessions on remote sensing 1980; Proceedings of the Topical Meeting, Budapest, Hungary, June 2-14, 1980

Studies included in this volume deal with spectral responses for remote sensing of the earth's surface and applications of remote sensing to mineral exploration. Consideration is given to the spectral responses of vegetation, bare land, water, and snow. Papers are presented on spectral reflectance characteristics of agricultural crops and application to crop growth monitoring, detection of volcanic ash coverage from Landsat MSS data, application of multispectral data to the detection of sea surface phenomena, and ore-controlling structures in volcanic regions observed on space images.

Kahle, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Development of visible/infrared/microwave agriculture classification and biomass estimation algorithms

Agricultural crop classification models using two or more spectral regions (visible through microwave) are considered in an effort to estimate biomass at Guymon, Oklahoma Dalhart, Texas. Both grounds truth and aerial data were used. Results indicate that inclusion of C, L, and P band active microwave data, from look angles greater than 35 deg from nadir, with visible and infrared data improve crop discrimination and biomass estimates compared to results using only visible and infrared data. The microwave frequencies were sensitive to different biomass levels. The K and C band were sensitive to differences at low biomass levels, while P band was sensitive to differences at high biomass levels. Two indices, one using only active microwave data and the other using data from the middle and near infrared bands, were well correlated to total biomass. It is implied that inclusion of active microwave sensors with visible and infrared sensors on future satellites could aid in crop discrimination and biomass estimation.

Rosenthal, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Gates to Gregg High Voltage Transmission Line Study

The usefulness of LANDSAT data in the planning of transmission line routes was assessed. LANDSAT digital data and image processing techniques, specifically a multi-date supervised classification aproach, were used to develop a land cover map for an agricultural area near Fresno, California. Twenty-six land cover classes were identified, of which twenty classes were agricultural crops. High classification accuracies (greater than 80%) were attained for several classes, including cotton, grain, and vineyards. The primary products generated were 1:24,000, 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 scale maps of the classification and acreage summaries for all land cover classes within four alternate transmission line routes.

Bergis, V.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Development of visible/infrared/microwave agriculture classification and biomass estimation algorithms, volume 2

Agricultural crop classification models using two or more spectral regions (visible through microwave) were developed and tested and biomass was estimated by including microwave with visible and infrared data. The study was conducted at Guymon, Oklahoma and Dalhart, Texas utilizing aircraft multispectral data and ground truth soil moisture and biomass information. Results indicate that inclusion of C, L, and P band active microwave data from look angles greater than 35 deg from nadir with visible and infrared data improved crop discrimination and biomass estimates compared to results using only visible and infrared data. The active microwave frequencies were sensitive to different biomass levels. In addition, two indices, one using only active microwave data and the other using data from the middle and near infrared bands, were well correlated to total biomass.

Rosenthal, W. D.↗